湖南省几种主要菜园土铅的化学行为及其作物效应的初步研究

温度、ｐＨ、有机质及不同价态阳离子对铅吸持－解吸量有明显的影响．土壤中的铅在低浓度范围内（红茶园土为１００μｇ／ｇ，石灰性菜园土为５００μｇ／ｇ）对小白菜生长有刺激作用，超过一定浓度（红菜园土为≥５００μｇ／ｇ，石灰性莱园土为≥１００μｇ／ｇ）则有抑制作用．小白莱的含铅量随土壤铅浓度的增加而增加，两者呈极显著正相关．三种改良剂对铅污染土壤有明显的改良效果，其中以猪粪、石灰两种改良剂的效果为好，钙镁磷肥次之．     

论档案信息资源的开发与利用

档案是一种记录，是以文字、图表和声像等多种形式表现的、能被人们研究利用的一种经济资源；随着知识经济时代的到来，档案信息作为知识的结晶和信息源，越来越被人们和社会高度重视与利用．在档案信息资源开发与利用过程中，应正确面对现行档案管理中存在的问题，进一步提高对档案工作重要性的认识，通过改善档案管理条件与提高档案管理人员的素质等手段，做好档案信息资源服务于经济建设工作．     

垃圾堆肥微生物接种实验

从２２个垃圾堆肥、畜粪、土壤等样品中分离获得纤维分解菌１９８株，选其中２株生长快、粗纤维分解能力强的菌株制成菌剂，以０．０５％～０．１％的接种量加入二次发酵的垃圾堆肥中。结果，接菌堆肥比不接菌堆肥升温快且高，高温维持时间长，真菌和纤维分解菌数量多，腐植质含量提高２１％～２６％。肥效试验证明，施接菌堆肥比施不接菌堆肥的可使青莱增产９．９％。     

人参生长光环境研究进展

光因子是直接影响植物光合作用的主导因子。人参(PanaxginsengC.A.Mey.)作为典型的阴性植物,对光环境的要求十分严格。文章从保护野山参物种资源及光环境对人参生长发育的重要作用的角度,介绍了人参生长光环境的研究现状:研究时期集中于20世纪80、90年代,以指导园参栽培为目的,围绕可见光区的光强和光质特征展开,以光环境静态调查及光强日动态、光质颜色对人参生理影响为主要研究内容。文中分析了国内外对于人参适宜光照的研究结果存在较大差异的原因可能是人参种质、不同生长阶段的光合能力及光分布空间变化给人参光合作用造成的影响。总结了已有研究的结果,例如,①参棚透光率为25%时,光照强度达到饱和光强度,人参光合速率最高;②浅绿膜人参生育健壮,光合作用强度高,干物质积累快,有利于参根增重。2000年以后,随着林下栽参的兴起,原有研究成果不足以满足目前科学种植的需要,国外已经出现林下分光谱辐射对人参根部皂甙积累影响数量关系的研究,而国内针对林下参生长光环境的研究仍停留在上世纪90年代针对可见光区光强变化的水平上。文章最后指出,现有研究成果在科学指导林下栽参的选址及现代化管理方面存在不足,通过学科交叉与融合、建立合理的人参生长光环境动态模型是未来人参生长光环境研究的发展趋势。     

不同土壤提取物对人参种子生长的化感效应及其化学组成

采用甲醇提取法提取新林地土、人参根际土以及栽培人参(Panax ginseng)、西洋参(Panax quinquefolius)的老参地土.每种土壤提取物设6个质量浓度梯度,以研究不同土壤提取物在特定质量浓度下对人参种子胚根和胚轴生长的化感效应,每种处理设3次重复.试验结果表明,与对照相比,人参根际土提取物对人参种子生长的化感效应最强,老参地土提取物对人参种子生长的化感效应次之,新林地土提取物对人参种子生长的化感效应最弱.经GC-MS分析,分别从6种土壤提取物中检测到1425种数量不等的化合物组分,其中苯胺类物质、酚酸及其衍生物被报道在其它植物上有化感活性,可能参与对人参种子的生理性毒害作用.     

B计划：拯救一个处在压力下的星球和一个处于不幸中的文明

正如简介中所说，世界状况报告第21版再一次综合了全球范围内的进展和退步，这些变化都影响了环境和社会目标的实现．今年的关注点是消费主义：人们如何消费、为何消费以及他们的选择所带来的影响．消费群体规模已达到了17亿人口，占人口总数的四分之一．消费者胃口的不断增大不仅给环境造成威胁，也使得满足世界上贫困人口最基本的需要变得越来越困难．     

我国畜禽养殖业存在的环境污染问题及治理对策

畜禽养殖业环境污染问题越来越引起了人们的关注．本文概述了我国畜禽养殖业中存在的环境污染问题并从保护生态环境角度出发，提出了利用现代微生物工程应用技术和常规的处理方法相结合的治理措施。     

基于移动多Agent的智能排课系统研究与设计

Agent技术是近年来备受人们关注的软件开发技术。由于他的众多有用属性如自治性、自主性、自适应性等特性,使得人们对它的研究越来越多．笔者基于移动多Agent技术,通过对排课系统的基本问题、多Agent的智能排课的关键技术等的分析、研究并提出了基于移动多Agent技术的智能排课系统的解决方案．图1,参7．     

人参叶的皂苷成分

为了解人参叶皂苷类化学成分,寻找其尚未发现的皂苷,采用正反相硅胶柱层析和反相制备液相色谱等多种方法进行分离纯化.从人参叶中分离得到12个皂苷类化合物,用波谱方法鉴定为越南参皂苷R_3(1)、越南参皂苷R_4(2)、越南参皂苷R_8(3)、人参皂苷Rk1(4)、人参皂苷Rg_5(5)、5,6-去氢人参皂苷Rd(6)、人参皂苷Rb_1(7)、人参皂苷Rb_2(8)、人参皂苷Rc(9)、人参皂苷Re(10)、人参皂苷Rd(11)、人参皂苷Rg_1(12).其中化合物1-6为首次从人参叶中分离得到.     

油菜对红壤性水稻土的生物培肥作用

红壤性水稻土是我国重要的农业土壤，面积占全国水田面积的利％左右[1]；分布在热带和亚热带，水热资源丰富，适宜于发展油莱一双季稻三熟制[2]．但据估计，目前南方红壤区2／3的稻田在冬季末加利用[2]，因此，研究油菜对红壤性水稻土的生物培肥作用，实行用地养地相结合，开发     

Bush Tucker, Bush Pets, and Bush Threats: Cooperative Management of Feral Animals in Australia's Kakadu National Park

Abstract:  Although feral animal management is often based on the proposition that introduced species threaten ecological and conservation values, that view is not necessarily shared by all stakeholders, including those indigenous people who own and co-manage Kakadu National Park with Australia's federal government. Drawing on field-based interviews with the Jawoyn people, we found that these indigenous people categorize water buffalo (  Bubalus bubalis ) as an important food source (tucker), view horses (  Equus caballus ) as bush pets, and consider pigs (  Sus scrofa ) a threat to their lands. As a result, Jawoyn people want more water buffalo in the park, have high tolerance of environmental damage caused by horses, and are open to the idea that pig population densities should be reduced. Jawoyn also advocate an adaptive and participatory approach to feral animal control so that the consequences of any management actions can be properly understood before irrevocable change occurs. These findings highlight one example of how indigenous people's ecological knowledge has adapted in response to changing landscapes and community aspirations. Co-management strategies that aim to incorporate the dynamics of indigenous people's views need to start with issues on which there is agreement between different groups and take a cautious approach to joint exploration of more contentious issues. That approach should include ongoing and on-site monitoring so that the consequences of management actions can be properly understood and comprehensively negotiated by all parties.     

A calibrated auction-conjoint valuation method: Valuing pork and eggs produced under differing animal welfare conditions

This paper develops a valuation method which generates consistent and systematic estimates of people's preferences for complex multi-attribute goods by inextricably linking auction bids with conjoint ratings. The advantage of the valuation approach is that it permits the estimation of people's values for many potential goods, allows one to decompose people's values for a good into its sub-components, and permits the study of preference heterogeneity without distributional assumptions. We apply the method to an important and increasingly controversial topic: animal welfare. The method is used to determine people's preferences for eggs and pork produced from different production systems. Data from experiments conducted in three diverse U.S. locations (Chicago, IL; Dallas, TX; and Wilmington, NC) indicates that people are, on average, willing to pay $0.95 more for a dozen eggs raised in an aviary, pasture system vs. a cage system, and are willing to pay $2.02 more for two-pounds of pork chops raised in a pasture system as opposed to a crate system.     

An innovative approach for iodine supplementation using iodine-rich phytogenic food

Iodine, as one of the essential trace elements for human body, is very important for the proper function of thyroid gland. In some regions, people are still suffering from iodine deficiency disorder (IDD). How to provide an effective and cost-efficient iodine supplementation has been a public health issue for many countries. In this review, a novel iodine supplementation approach is introduced. Different from traditional iodine salt supplement, this approach innovatively uses cultivated iodine-rich phytogenic food as the supplement. These foods are cultivated using alga-based organic iodine fertilizer. The feasibility, mechanics of iodine absorption of plants from soil and the bioavailability of iodine-rich phytogenic food are further discussed.     

黄花菜高产、优质栽培与加工技术

黄花菜以花蕾食用,是一种营养十分丰富的蔬菜,含有人体需要的蛋白质、维生素、多糖、钙、铁、磷等多种元素成分,是很受人们欢迎的绿色健康食品,衡阳市现种植面积达20万亩,还在逐年扩大,发展前景非常广阔．为了提高黄花菜产量和品质．本文提出了黄花菜高产,优质栽培与加工技术．表2,参5．     

Community Conservation and the Future of Africa's Wildlife

Abstract: The term community-based conservation (CBC) refers to wildlife conservation efforts that involve rural people as an integral part of a wildlife conservation policy. The key elements of such programs are that local communities participate in resource planning and management and that they gain economically from wildlife utilization. In part, CBC is seen as an alternative to the more exclusionary protectionist policies of the past, which often alienated rural people from conservation efforts. The new approach acts to make rural people a constituency for wildlife and therefore active backers of wildlife protection. Africans, however, are struggling with severe social and economic problems such as poverty, long-standing economic stagnation, rapid population growth, and environmental deterioration. Because of the pressures that Africans face in making a living, the application of CBC may not occur as readily or as successfully as its advocates would hope. It may also be that the approach is being oversold. I use brief case studies from Madagascar, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland to highlight the possible conflicts between rural people's economic needs and the implementation of community conservation. In addition, the CBC literature treats the role of protection vaguely, as it does the question of what might happen if CBC fails to achieve wildlife conservation goals. Community-based conservation is an obvious advance over past practices because of its inclusive philosophy, but if rural people accept CBC because of its economic benefits, they may reject it at some point in the future if a better economic alternative is presented. Thus, CBC programs can work to produce a better relationship between wildlife and people, but only a vast improvement in the lives of rural Africans will ultimately produce a more secure future for the continent's wildlife.     

Localising the global food system

Agricultural systems have become increasingly industrialized and mechanized, relying on machinery and chemical inputs, rather than people and natural processes, to increase yields of food. The trend towards an increasingly globalised food system encourages unsustainable transportation of food around the world. Agricultural intensification and the globalisation of the agrofood chain has resulted in adverse environmental, social and economic consequences impeding moves towards sustainability. Organic farming can overcome many of the environmental problems associated with agricultural intensification. However, it does not have the potential to fully address the social and economic problems caused by the globalisation of the food system. Organic farming must be combined with local and regional sourcing of food products, for instance through forms of direct marketing of organic produce. Direct marketing schemes such as farmers' markets, food box delivery schemes and community-supported agriculture are all projects which, if managed with sustainability as the prime objective, have the potential to move towards a more socially, environmentally and economically sustainable agrofood system.     

注意力经济--文化产业的策略选择

随着信息技术的无限进展,信息的丰富造成了注意力的贫乏,这是现代社会人民遇到的一个矛盾.作为从计划经济步入市场经济的我国文化产业,已经完全进入市场化的运作,文化产品可经选择的多样性决定了受众的主体地位,大众不再是商家和媒体教育的对象,而是他们的服务对象.我国文化产业要得以长足发展,其首要任务是吸引最大多数人的关注,赢得他们的关心.文化产业的发展需要为大众的注意力买单,要寻找与发掘大众注意力兴奋点,实行吸引受众注意力的产业营销策略.这就是遵从大众认知心理,强化娱乐功能;认同受众的好奇心理,提升品牌形象;紧扣受众的表现心理,倡导时尚消费;认同受众遵从心理,因势利导;巧借受众移情心理,打造个性品牌.     

食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的研究方法和应用进展

食品安全问题是直接关系到人民健康的重大民生问题。随着民众生活质量的不断提升,人们对食物质量的关注度越来越高。目前,重金属污染问题是食品安全的一个重要议题。而且,食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的测定结果已逐渐代替重金属的全量结果进行评价。因此,本文系统介绍了生物可给性和生物有效性的定义及相关关系,综述了生物可给性和生物有效性的多种研究方法的适用性及优缺点,并着重论述了饮食习惯和肠道微生物对重金属生物可给性和生物有效性的影响。研究结果表明：研究者应根据自己的研究目的选择不同的体外消化方法,饮食习惯和肠道微生物均极大的影响着食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性。最后,本文对食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的研究提出了几点展望：一、需加强食物中重金属复合污染的研究;二、进一步加强肠道微生物对食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的影响的研究;三、特别需加强中式饮食习惯下对食物中重金属的生物有效性的影响的研究。     

Ranking Lepidopteran Use of Native Versus Introduced Plants

Abstract:  In light of the wide-scale replacement of native plants in North America with introduced, invasive species and noninvasive ornamental plants that evolved elsewhere, we compared the value of native and introduced plants in terms of their ability to serve as host plants for Lepidoptera. Insect herbivores such as Lepidoptera larvae are critically important components of terrestrial food webs and any reduction in their biomass or diversity due to the loss of acceptable host plants is predicted to reduce the production of the many insectivores in higher trophic levels. We conducted an exhaustive search of host records in the literature. We used the data we gathered to rank all 1385 plant genera that occur in the mid-Atlantic states of the United States by their ability to support Lepidoptera richness. Statistical comparisons were made with Welch's test for equality of means. Woody plants supported more species of moths and butterflies than herbaceous plants, native plants supported more species than introduced plants, and native woody plants with ornamental value supported more Lepidoptera species than introduced woody ornamentals. All these differences were highly significant. Our rankings provide a relative measure that will be useful for restoration ecologists, landscape architects and designers, land managers, and landowners who wish to raise the carrying capacity of particular areas by selecting plants with the greatest capacity for supporting biodiversity.     

防电磁波辐射的功能性服装

电磁波辐射已成为危害人类健康的第四大污染源，如何进行屏蔽是人们日益关注的问题，本文介绍了防电磁波辐射服装的功能及特点，提出了屏蔽服装今后的发展方向．