The effect of aviation safety education on passenger cabin safety awareness

This paper examines the effect of aviation safety education on passenger cabin safety awareness in knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB). The educational value of KAB has been addressed in various fields such as AIDS prevention and campus safety. KAB has been applied in aviation safety related areas, especially in training, such as crew resource management training, pilot training, and mechanic training. However, KAB has not been implemented in aviation passenger education in cabin safety. This paper uses the construct of “aviation safety education”, which is intended to influence airline passenger knowledge of, attitude toward, and behavior about cabin safety awareness. Passenger surveys were done at two Taiwan airports. The results show that aviation safety education positively affects airline passenger cabin safety knowledge, attitude, and behavior. We recommend safety education that involves accurate instruction about emergency equipment procedures, situational awareness, emergency responses, and relevant cabin-safety regulations.Our findings indicated that an increase in cabin safety knowledge positively affected airline passenger behavior, which supported knowledge–behavior consistency. We also found that a positive attitude toward cabin safety positively affected airline passenger behavior, which supported attitude–behavior consistency. The hypothesis that cabin safety knowledge positively affected passenger attitude – knowledge–attitude consistency was not supported.     

石化企业安全文化建设

随着国企改制的不断深化,安全管理显现出许多薄弱环节,尤其是在能源勘探开发过程中发生的重特大事故,不断给安全生产发出了黄牌警告.近年来,多种因素导致员工"三违",造成恶性事故不断,其原因是由于企业缺乏安全文化氛围和员工缺乏必要的自我安全保护意识,盲目蛮干导致事故高发.因此,加强企业安全文化建设是提高全员安全意识的一种行之有效的方法,并可以进一步促进和提高员工的自我安全保护意识和安全技术素质.本文阐述了企业安全文化建设在新形势下的重要意义,并针对石化企业开展安全文化建设提出几点建议.     

Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China

Construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique nature. Measured by international standards, construction site safety records in China are poor. This paper aims to examine the status of safety management in the Chinese construction industry, explore the risk-prone activities on construction sites, and identify factors affecting construction site safety. The findings reveal that the behavior of contractors on safety management are of grave concern, including the lack of provision of personal protection equipment, regular safety meetings, and safety training. The main factors affecting safety performance include ‘poor safety awareness of top management’, ‘lack of training’, ‘poor safety awareness of project managers’, ‘reluctance to input resources to safety’ and ‘reckless operations’. The study also proposes that the government should play a more critical role in stricter legal enforcement and organizing safety training programs.     

What is most important for safety climate: The company belonging or the local working environment? – A study from the Norwegian offshore industry

Obtaining knowledge about factors affecting health, safety and environment (HSE) is of major interest to the petroleum industry, but there is currently a severe shortage of relevant studies. The aim of this study was to examine the relative influence of offshore installation (local working environment) and company belonging on employees’ opinions concerning occupational health and safety. We analyzed data from a safety climate survey answered by 4479 Norwegian offshore petroleum employees in 2005 on the dimensions “Safety prioritisation”, “Safety management and involvement”, “Safety versus production”, “Individual motivation”, “System comprehension” and “Competence” using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), effect size and mixed model. The companies differed significantly for “Safety prioritisation”, “Safety versus production”, “Individual motivation”, “System comprehension” and “Competence”. The local offshore installation explained more of the safety climate than the company they were employed in or worked for did.     

基于“2-4模型”的化工生产事故原因分析

为进一步研究化工生产事故发生的原因,运用“2-4模型”对从安全管理网等网站收集的125起化工生产安全事故进行分析,结果表明对于事故的直接原因方面,作业人员的不安全动作主要表现在违规操作和无证上岗,管理人员的不安全动作主要表现在其工作不认真等方面,不安全物态最主要的是设备年久失修。对于事故的间接原因,主要表现在安全意识不够、安全知识不足、安全习惯不佳3方面。事故的根本原因则主要表现在缺乏安全培训等方面。为制定化工生产事故预防措施提供了依据。     

The effect of habit as a behavioural response in risk reduction programmes

A company's decision to implement a risk reduction programme must take account of employees' behavioural responses to the target risk. Hazard reporting by train drivers is examined in semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire study. It is suggested that the behavioural response of drivers, in terms of writing a report, depends on how the hazard is perceived. The response to “trivial” and “routine” hazards is habitual non-reporting, being characterized by a lack of risk evaluation. However, hazards that are evaluated as posing a significant risk are reported. Possible ways of breaking habitual responses to hazards, using behavioural change programmes, are discussed, and it is argued that management commitment is essential for their success.     

What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find – The consequences of underlying accident models in eight accident investigation manuals

Accident investigation manuals are influential documents on various levels in a safety management system, and it is therefore important to appraise them in the light of what we currently know – or assume – about the nature of accidents. Investigation manuals necessarily embody or represent an accident model, i.e., a set of assumptions about how accidents happen and what the important factors are. In this paper we examine three aspects of accident investigation as described in a number of investigation manuals. Firstly, we focus on accident models and in particular the assumptions about how different factors interact to cause – or prevent – accidents, i.e., the accident “mechanisms”. Secondly, we focus on the scope in the sense of the factors (or factor domains) that are considered in the models – for instance (hu)man, technology, and organization (MTO). Thirdly, we focus on the system of investigation or the activities that together constitute an accident investigation project/process. We found that the manuals all used complex linear models. The factors considered were in general (hu)man, technology, organization, and information. The causes found during an investigation reflect the assumptions of the accident model, following the ‘What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find’ or WYLFIWYF principle. The identified causes typically became specific problems to be fixed during an implementation of solutions. This follows what can be called ‘What-You-Find-Is-What-You-Fix’ or WYFIWYF principle.     

公路工程施工安全事故致因模型构建

为了探究公路施工安全事故诱因及其影响关系,基于"4M"理论和事故致因"2-4"模型,识别公路工程施工安全事故致因因素并确定模型框架,运用SPSS Modeler软件对2007~2017年426起事故进行关联规则挖掘,采取路径分析与重要度分析,构建出公路工程施工安全事故致因模型。结果表明:施工单位内外部原因共同引发公路工程施工安全事故,外部原因来源于建设单位、监理单位和勘察设计单位的安全管理缺失,而施工单位内部影响因素中,人的不安全动作、物的不安全因素、不良的生产环境和自然环境是事故发生的直接原因,无效的安全监管和作业层安全素质及能力不强是间接原因,根本原因是施工程序和技术方案存在缺陷,根源原因是决策层和管理层的安全素质及能力有待提高。该模型系统展现了工程施工项目安全事故致因因素的影响关系和重要程度,为公路工程施工安全事故预防提供指导。     

Traffic safety impacts of the Home Instruction/ Point Reduction Incentive (HI/PRI) program

The California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) implemented and evaluated a pilot driver improvement program involving the withholding (“masking”) from public inspection of one conviction from the driving record of qualifying drivers. To qualify for masking, the driver had to complete and return a mailed, self-administered test and remain free of traffic convictions and accidents for a period of 6 months after selection into the program. This Home Instruction/Point Reduction Incentive (HI/PRI) countermeasure was developed in two distinct versions: the Speed HI/PRI was designed for multiple violators of the 55 Maximum Speed Law (MSL), and the Negligent Operator (Neg-Op) HI/PRI was designed for drivers classified as negligent operators based on their traffic conviction record. Both HI/PRI countermeasures covered the safety and energy-saving advantages of 55-MSL compliance; the Neg-Op HI/PRI included general traffic safety material as well. The multiple 55-MSL violators were assigned at random to either the Speed HI/PRI or a no-contact comparison group. The negligent operators were assigned at random to one of four conditions: the Neg-Op HI/PRI, the existing DMV group educational meeting, a modified group meeting incorporating 55-MSL issues, or a no-contact comparison group. The Speed HI/ PRI and Neg-Op HI/PRI were each estimated to be cost-beneficial on the basis of accidents prevented. In addition, the Neg-Op HI/PRI had a larger estimated effect on accidents and lower cost than the group meeting countermeasures, which were also cost-beneficial. The coverage of 55-MSL issues in the group meeting did not appear to influence its effect in reducing either accidents or convictions. All of the countermeasures appeared to reduce subsequent convictions.     

国内外企业安全培训调查及模式的探讨

分析了国际劳工组织、日本和德国企业"双元制"培训模式的基本要点和我国"系统型"、"过渡型"、"组合型"、"发展型"、"顾问型"、"索罗门型"和"螺旋型"企业培训模式的基本要点;以国内大型、中型和小型企业为对象,对2007年和2008年的调查数据进行统计分析,根据"企业"与"个人"对安全培训的响应,揭示了不同企业当前的安全培训现状。结果表明:企业安全培训在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,逐步趋于规模化、规范化,形成了安全知识结构、安全综合能力、安全管理技能、事故应急救援等方面的复合培训模式;实现了高层次管理人员对安全培训的认同达95%以上,员工对安全培训的认同达89%以上;使员工的安全意识、安全价值观、工作态度和工作技能得以提升,其在工作岗位上的表现达到安全要求,并为企业创造更多的效益。同时笔者还对当前我国企业安全培训工作存在的问题提出了改进意见,对今后各类企业安全培训具有参考价值和借鉴作用。     

建筑施工安全事故损失内部化分析

当前,安全损失外部化倾向未能从根本上有效调动建筑企业致力于改善安全生产业绩。笔者认为,要从本质上改善我国建筑安全生产状况,必须促使安全损失内部化,该理念不仅有利于落实“企业安全生产责任主体”制度、保护建筑工人及其家庭的权益以及减轻政府负担,而且还能促使整个社会共同致力于改善职业安全与健康状况,从而促进建筑市场的持续健康发展和确保社会的和谐稳定。市场经济条件下,安全损失内部化须借助经济杠杆的调节作用,通过提高赔偿额度、提取安全生产抵押金、制裁或罚款、浮动保险费率、带薪工伤病假以及市场进退机制等手段,加大安全损失内部化力度。安全损失内部化力度的加大,对预防未来的安全事故将起到积极的经济刺激作用,从本质上提高我国建筑业整体安全管理水平。     

我国矿山透水事故致因分析及安全管理对策

为找出影响矿山透水事故的主要因素,提出有针对性的管理对策.首先利用统计分析方法对80起透水事故案例原因进行统计分析,结果显示导致矿山透水事故的直接原因主要有违章、非法开采、越界开采、防水设施不符合规范要求、水文地质资料不清、破坏防水设施;间接原因主要有思想麻痹、安全监督检查不到位、违反探放水原则、法律意识淡薄、安全教育培训不到位.其次,结合透水事故的发生机理,利用鱼刺图法从人、物、环境和管理等方面进行系统分析.综合统计分析和系统分析,确定影响矿山透水事故的主要因素为管理因素.在此基础上,提出了相应的安全管理对策.     

3D仿真游戏在煤矿安全生产培训管理系统中的应用

煤矿从业人员的安全素质与意识是决定煤矿安全生产的重要因素,教育和培训是提高煤矿从业人员素质与意识的有效手段,对煤矿安全生产具有非常重要的意义.川煤达竹公司运用现代信息技术手段,从系统理论出发,将煤矿生产过程作为一个完整的系统,从人、机、环境、管理四个系统要素着手,将3D仿真游戏应用于情景模拟培训,把从业人员培训分为情景式培训、互动式培训、视频式培训、手机短信培训和事故案例学习.提出人、机、环境系统协调的煤矿现代安全生产培训管理系统,有效提升了员工素质,实现了煤矿安全生产.     

物联网感知安全应用的研究与展望

为拓展物联网行业应用、加快发展中国物联网产业,基于提前感知,超前防范对安全科学与工程的重要性,介绍物联网感知安全应用的研究现状,深入分析物联网感知安全行业应用所需要的关键技术和研究方向;在分析国内外物联网发展路径的差异、现有标准及新标准制定的基础上,研究顶层设计、资源部署、应用标准建设等感知安全应用系统建设亟待解决的问题;提出物联网应用示范研究的内容、目标;提出在公共安全和安全生产领域应用物联网技术,对防范重特大事故、安全监管、事故应急救援的重要现实意义。     

Project safety as a sustainable competitive advantage

Introduction: To be consistently profitable, a construction company must complete projects in scope, on schedule, and on budget. At the same time, the nature of the often high-risk work performed by construction companies can result in high accident rates. Clients and other stakeholders are placing increasing pressure on companies to decrease those accident rates. Clients routinely demand copies of safety plans and evidence of past results at the “pre-qualification” or “request for proposal” stages of the procurement process. Are high accident rates and the associated costs just a part of business? Findings: Companies that deliver on scope, schedule, and budget have a competitive advantage. Is it possible for projects with low accident rates to use it as a competitive advantage? Is the value added by safety just a temporary or parity issue, or does a successful safety program offer significant advantage to the company and the client? Impact on Industry: This article concludes that in the case of a high-risk industry, such as the construction industry, an organization with a successful safety program can promote safety performance as a sustainable competitive advantage. It is a choice the company can make.     

"无事故管理”在梅山矿业公司的应用探讨

“无事故管理”是以安全事故为“零”的安全管理的新模式与新理念 ,是安全管理的一项创新。梅山矿业公司采矿场在安全管理上推行“无事故管理” ,保持采矿安全生产平稳态势     

行为安全管理在施工中的应用分析

不良的行为习惯是导致事故的主要原因。为加强员工行为管理,提高安全行为意识,减少危险行为,本文简要介绍了建筑施工安全的管理现状,说明了行为安全管理的应用程序和方法,并将以人为中心的行为安全管理模式引入建筑施工企业,对行为安全管理提高安全的有效性进行了研究。通过在工程现场就危险因素进行为期4周的行为观察,分析发现,行为安全管理方法的实施对纠正不安全行为、提高安全管理水平效果明显,它有助于预防事故。同时,要保持较高的安全水平,应延长行为观察周期。行为安全管理是传统安全管理的补充,它的有效实施还需要员工直接参与行为观察、管理者支持以及相互的信任。     

航运公司安全管理有效性组合赋权评价模型

为提高航运公司安全营运管理的决策科学性,需要对其安全营运管理的有效性进行过程跟踪评价。基于安全管理的运行过程与安全结果 2种评估指标,提出2种指标相结合的安全管理有效性评价模型。在熵权法(EVM)和层次分析法(AHP)计算的基础上,通过一致性检验确定有效性评价体系指标的权重。提出以组合赋权法确定优化权重数值。经案例应用,得出某航运公司安全管理有效性评价定量化结果。分析结果表明,当前该公司安全管理体系中操作管理是安全管理绩效的关键,而人力资源方面和管理体系方面的改善措施需要与之协调。     

与企业事故灾害预防控制相关的保险研究

针对企业事故灾害预防控制的保险应急手段不健全现状,阐述了安全经济管理、风险管理、保险三者的区别与关系以及保险对企业事故灾害预防的作用。根据企业事故灾害预防控制、风险控制和发展与保险防灾的相关性、企业安全事故经济损失的社会保险补偿及其损失的商业保险补偿等问题,对与企业事故灾害预防控制相关的保险问题进行研究,以在企业事故灾害预防控制过程中,管理人员能高度认识保险的作用。     

对建立第三方事故调查机制的探讨

事故调查的根本目的在于查找事故的可能原因并提出事故的预防措施,而事故调查的独立性对此根本目的起关键作用。我国安全生产管理体制建设起步较晚,事故管理机制发展不成熟,与国外先进事故调查理念相比,我国事故调查机制缺乏独立性的保障,主要表现在技术调查与司法调查未能分离、事故调查报告未能完全公开、事故调查的客观性保障不足,限制了我国事故调查水平的进一步提高。通过分析国外第三方事故调查的机制的优势并结合我国国情,从第三方事故调查的任务、人员编制、人员培训、责任与权利、法律义务等方面提出我国第三方事故调查机制的框架,并规划了构建第三方事故调查的三阶段进程及其主要内容,以逐步实现第三方事故调查的公正、客观、高效,更好地促进我国安全生产管理水平的提高。