含油废水处理技术进展

概述了含油废水的来源、特征、危害及分类,介绍了重力机械法、气浮法、絮凝法、吸附法、生化法等处理方法的原理和进展,并比较总结了他们的适用范围和优缺点,最后简述了含油废水处理的最新进展,提出了含油废水处理技术的一些建议和展望。     

石化废水污染控制技术研究进展

石化废水水量大、成分复杂。探讨了石化企业利用新技术、降低循环冷却水用量、充分回收废料的清洁生产措施。总结了国内外石化废水预处理、生化处理、深度处理的实践经验。介绍了石化废水水质现代检测方法。提出了石化废水处理的研究方向     

节能是改善环境质量的主要措施之一

本文论述了我国和世界主要国家的能源利用现状和发展趋势，分析了我国能耗高、浪费严重的主要原因，提出了节能降耗和发展新能源是防治环境污染、避免资源浪费的两大途径。概括地阐述了改进工艺和动力装置、发挥集中供热、利用废余热发电和实现热电联产、改变能源结构、发展新能源等是节能降耗、改善环境的重要措施。     

浙江省环境工程有限公司

正浙江省环境工程有限公司前身为浙江省环境工程公司,创建于1988年,隶属于浙江省环境保护厅。2006年,浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院进行体制改革,引进了战略合作伙伴,重新组建了由浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院控股的集工、贸、研一体的浙江省环境工程有限公司(ZJEE)。公司在城镇、印染、化工、制药、造纸、皮革、食品、酿造、电镀等行业的废水、固废、工业废气以及噪声治理上积累了20多年的丰富实践经验。先后完成了浙江升华拜克生物股份有限公司污水处理工程、浙江余杭环科污水处理厂BOT工程。     

日本大气污染和控制技术研究进展

本文详细地介绍了日本大气污染现状及其趋势,对主要污染物的污染状况进行了分析。概述了日本几十年来大气污染防治技术研究的进展。对改善燃烧、电子束法、NO_x处理触媒研究、NO_x吸附剂的研究、活性炭法干式脱硫、利用煤炭的干式脱硫、半干式简易脱硫、静电的应用、微生物的应用、电除尘、过滤除尘等大气污染防治技术的研究,做了详细介绍。对目前人们普遍关心的含氟气体排放控制问题进行了探讨。还简要介绍了日本大阪府等地,准备偿试的汽车排气总量控制的研究状况。     

超临界技术的发展现状与前景展望

简要介绍了超临界流体的基本性质,综述了超临界技术在萃取分离、环境保护、材料科学、反应工程、生物技术、清洗工业等方面的发展状况,并对超临界技术的发展前景作了展望。     

土壤中多氯联苯分析方法研究进展

文中综述了多氯联苯的分析技术及其研究进展。介绍了样品前处理技术如索氏萃取法、超声萃取法、微波辅助萃取、超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取等在土壤样品中多氯联苯分析中的应用;阐述了气相色谱、液相色谱、气质联用技术在土壤样品中多氯联苯的检测,并对土壤中未来多氯联苯检测技术的发展提出了展望。     

从绩效考核到绩效管理——地方党政领导环保绩效提升的有效方法

总结了当前地方党政领导环保绩效考核中存在目的简单化、缺乏科学性、沟通与反馈不足、只注重环保绩效考核结果而忽视环保绩效管理的过程、激励功能弱化和结果利用不充分等问题.分析了从传统地方党政领导环保绩效考核到现代地方党政领导环保绩效管理是管理方式的深刻变革,体现了人本管理的思想、渗透了过程管理的理念,实现了从奖惩依据向绩效提升、能力开发目的的转换,凸显了沟通激励的功能,满足了环保绩效反馈和改进的需要.提出了从地方党政领导环保绩效计划,环保绩效实施、环保绩效考核、环保绩效反馈面谈和环保绩效结果应用等环节来系统构建地方党政领导环保绩效管理体系.     

降低火电厂项目地下水环境影响的措施研究

正分析了火电厂项目主要的地下水污染源、污染途径,提出了优化选址、重点区域防渗等措施,模拟分析了防渗效果,提出了地下水的预警、监控及修复方案,为最大限度降低火电厂地下水环境影响提供了系统的设计方案。     

可持续发展的城市交通环境影响评价

分析了传统环境评价方法的局限性;论述了面向可持续发展城市的交通环境影响评价的出发点、价值观;并提出了面向可持续发展城市交通环境影响评价体系的基本构想,包括评价原则、对象、要素、指标、程序、内容及方法等。     

Prospects and limitations of phytoremediation for the removal of persistent pesticides in the environment

The environmental problems that have arisen from the use of persistent pesticides in the past, and potential sources of further contamination have been discussed. The potential and limitations of phytoremediation for removal of pesticides in the environment have been reviewed. The enzymatic processes in plants that are known to be involved in phytodegradation of pesticides, and possibilities for enhancing them have also been discussed.     

Pesticide contamination of ground water in the United States--a review

Over 70 pesticides have been detected in ground water. Aldicarb and atrazine along with the soil fumigants EDB and DCP and DBCP have been the pesticides most frequently detected in ground water. Atrazine concentrations have been correlated with high nitrate concentrations. The triazine herbicides, simazine and cyanazine, have also been detected in ground water. The annual amount of recharge, soil type, depth of aquifer from the surface, nitrate contamination and soil pH are important field parameters in determining ground-water contamination potential by pesticides. Pesticide leaching is reduced by proper choice of crop rotation, increasing pesticide application efficiency, and integrated pest management.     

PCDTs in the environment

Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) are sulfur analogues of polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Recently, PCDTs have been found in stack gas and fly ash samples, pulp mill effluents, sediments and in some aquatic organisms. PCDTs have been analyzed by high resolution GC/MS and by other GC-MS techniques. Combustion is until now the major known source of PCDTs in the environment. Tri-, tetra- and pentaCDTs in concentrations approaching those of PCDTs have been analyzed in some samples from waste incineration and metal reclamation. Concentrations of PCDTs in pulp mill effluents have been found to be quite low. 2378-TeCDT was found to be the major TeCDT isomer in some pulp mill effluents. Preliminary toxicological investigations have shown that PCDTs possess some kind of dioxin type toxicity.     

Review on the use of enzymes for the detection of organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in the environment

Pesticides are released intentionally into the environment and, through various processes, contaminate the environment. Three of the main classes of pesticides that pose a serious problem are organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. While pesticides are associated with many health effects, there is a lack of monitoring data on these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment, but have limitations and prevent adequate monitoring. Enzymatic methods have been promoted for many years as an alternative method of detection of these pesticides. The main enzymes that have been utilised in this regard have been acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, organophosphorus hydrolase and tyrosinase. The enzymatic methods are based on the activation or inhibition of the enzyme by a pesticide which is proportional to the concentration of the pesticide. Research on enzymatic methods of detection, as well as some of the problems and challenges associated with these methods, is extensively discussed in this review. These methods can serve as a tool for screening large samples which can be followed up with the more traditional chromatographic methods of analysis.     

Parasites and pollution: the effectiveness of tiny organisms in assessing the quality of aquatic ecosystems,with a focus on Africa

The aquatic environment represents the final repository for many human-generated pollutants associated with anthropogenic activities. The quality of natural freshwater systems is easily disrupted by the introduction of pollutants from urban, industrial and agricultural processes. To assess the extent of chemical perturbation and associated environmental degradation, physico-chemical parameters have been monitored in conjunction with biota in numerous biological monitoring protocols. Most studies incorporating organisms into such approaches have focussed on fish and macroinvertebrates. More recently, interest in the ecology of parasites in relation to environmental monitoring has indicated that these organisms are sensitive towards the quality of the macroenvironment. Variable responses towards exposure to pollution have been identified at the population and component community level of a number of parasites. Furthermore, such responses have been found to differ with the type of pollutant and the lifestyle of the parasite. Generally, endoparasite infection levels have been shown to become elevated in relation to poorer water quality conditions, while ectoparasites are more sensitive, and exposure to contaminated environments resulted in a decline in ectoparasite infections. Furthermore, endoparasites have been found to be suitable accumulation indicators for monitoring levels of several trace elements and metals in the environment. The ability of these organisms to accumulate metals has further been observed to be of benefit to the host, resulting in decreased somatic metal levels in infected hosts. These trends have similarly been found for host–parasite models in African freshwater environments, but such analyses are comparatively sparse compared to other countries. Recently, studies on diplozoids from two freshwater systems have indicated that exposure to poorer water quality resulted in decreased infections. In the Vaal River, the poor water quality resulted in the extinction of the parasite from a site below the Vaal River Barrage. Laboratory exposures have further indicated that oncomiracidia of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon are sensitive to exposure to dissolved aluminium. Overall, parasites from African freshwater and marine ecosystems have merit as effect and accumulation indicators; however, more research is required to detail the effects of exposure on sensitive biological processes within these organisms.     

Manual Procedures for the Estimation of Atmospheric Fluorides

Manual methods for the determination of air-borne fluorides, including the discrimination of gaseous and particulate forms, have been reviewed. Published methods have been re-examined and comparative sampling data presented, to point out advantages of some newer techniques in sampling, separation, and quantitation.     

二氧化钛光催化剂的表征方法研究

光催化氧化法作为一种非常具有应用前景的有机废水处理方法而成为近年来国内外的一个热点研究领域。二氧化钛因其光催化活性高、适用范围广等优点而引起众多研究者的重视 ,这方面的研究已取得了许多成果。二氧化钛光催化活性的强弱直接影响到该方法在实际中的应用。本文对影响二氧化钛催化活性的因素以及表征这些因素的方法进行了评述。     

On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters

Equations for predicting the minimum efficiency and most penetrating particle size for fibrous filters have been derived by considering the diffusion and interception mechanisms. The results show that the most penetrating particle size decreases with increasing filtration velocity and with increasing fiber volume fraction, and increases with increasing filter fiber size. The corresponding equation for minimum efficiency has also been derived showing the dependence on filtration velocity, fiber volume fraction, and fiber size. These results have been compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement has been obtained.     

Equilibrium studies for the sorption of lead from effluents using chitosan

The sorption of lead ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan has been studied. Equilibrium studies have been carried out to determine the capacity of chitosan for lead ions. The effects of solution pH and chitosan particle size on the sorption capacity have been studied.The experimental data were analyzed using three equilibrium isotherm correlations, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson equations. The linear correlation coefficients were determined for each isotherm and the Freundlich provided the best fit. In addition, error functions have been used to determine the alternative single component equilibrium isotherm parameters by non-linear regression due to the inherent bias in using the correlation coefficient from the linearization. This technique enables the "best fit" isotherm parameters to be used in the equilibrium equations for the sorption of lead ions on chitosan within the limits and assumptions of the various error analysis methods.     

Use of ozone and/or UV in the treatment of effluents from board paper industry

The aim of this work has been to study the viability of ozone and/or UV in the treatment of cardboard industry effluents. Several model compounds have been chosen for the experiments: guaicol, eugenol, glucose, acetate and butyrate. Significant differences in the ozonisation rates are observed between phenolic products coming from lignin (eugenol and guaiacol) and aliphatic compounds. Reactions fit in all cases a pseudo-first order kinetics and are influenced by the pH of the solution. Real effluents have also been tested, and the COD decrease has been found to depend on the fatty acids/phenols ratio. Finally, respirometric studies have shown an increase in the BODst in effluents subjected to a mild oxidation, while under stronger conditions a BODst decrease is observed.