环境中短链和中链氯化石蜡的来源、污染特征及环境行为研究进展

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是持久性有机污染物,已于2017年5月被正式列入《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》附件A的受控名单.中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)具有相似的性质.由于氯化石蜡(CPs)大量生产以及广泛应用,其在环境介质中的含量处于较高水平.本文综述了SCCPs和MCCPs的生产和排放,以及2016年以后文献报道的SCCPs和MCCPs在不同环境介质中的研究进展,包括在大气、水体、土壤和沉积物中的赋存、分布特征,探讨了SCCPs和MCCPs的环境行为,同时指出环境中CPs的溯源、界面过程及区域传输是未来的主要研究方向.     

环境空气中短链氯化石蜡研究进展

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是碳链长度为10至13个碳原子的正构烷烃氯代衍生物。SCCPs具有持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移能力、以及毒性作用。SCCPs已被《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》增列为持久性有机污染物审查范围内,引起了全球关注。SCCPs在环境各介质及生物体内均有检出,近年来,在室内空气和灰尘中也检出了大量SCCPs,其已成为人体暴露的一个重要来源。本文就大气环境及室内空气与灰尘中氯化石蜡(CPs)的采样与分析方法、污染水平与来源,及人体暴露概况进行了综合阐释,以期为我国大气和室内环境中CPs的研究工作提供参考。     

卷首语

持久性有机污染物(POPs)由于在环境中难降解,可沿食物链累积放大,可以长距离迁移至世界各地且具有很高的毒性,是一类对环境和人类生存威胁最大的化学污染物.POPs的甄别、环境过程、健康影响与污染控制是二十一世纪环境科学领域的重大科学问题.为避免环境和人类健康受到POPs危害,国际社会于2001年5月共同通过了《关于持久性有机污     

大气持久性有机污染物分析研究进展

对近年来大气持久性有机污染物(POPs)研究中的新污染物、采样方法、检测方法、评价方法进行了扼要的综述,概括总结了大气POPs研究中人们所关注和需要解决的热点问题.     

持久性有机污染物的作物吸收及迁移模型研究进展

持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic pollutant,POPs)是指通过各种环境介质(大气、水、生物体等)能够长距离迁移并长期存在于环境中的人工合成的有机污染物。本文阐述了全球POPs的主要环境过程和各环境介质中POPs的暴露水平,探讨了作物对POPs的吸收过程、吸收机制和生态效应,并基于现有的环境多介质逸度模型和根区水质模型,分析了持久性有机污染物作物吸收过程模拟模型中存在的问题及未来的发展方向。目前,对POPs作物吸收机制及其模拟的研究较少,但随着我国对粮食安全和农业可持续发展的持续关注,这一领域的模拟研究将对科学解析POPs归趋、合理制定风险管控措施和有效确保粮食质量安全等提供重要科学支撑。     

墨西哥在一个区域合作的框架之内成功消除氯丹

一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物(POPs)1.它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积.与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故,例如,已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子.……     

墨西哥在一个区域合作的框架之内成功消除氯丹

一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物(POPs)1.它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积.与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故,例如,已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子.     

墨西哥在一个区域合作的框架之内成功消除氯丹

一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物（POPs），它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积．与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故，例如，已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子。     

ASE 快速溶剂萃取仪提取持久性有机污染物（POPs）的应用（一）

持久性有机污染物（POPs）是指具有高毒性、生物蓄积型和半挥发性、在环境中持久存在且能在大气中长距离迁移并沉积回地球的极地地区,对人类监控和环境造成严重危害的有机化学污染物,1997年,联合国环境规划署决定对12种POPs物质立即采取行动减少或消除它们的产生.这12种有机污染物包括9种有机氯杀虫剂：滴滴涕、六氯苯、氯丹、     

菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物的生物降解

利用土壤真菌和植物的结合体菌根真菌修复土壤,尤其是修复有机污染的根际土壤.正作为一个新的研究方向开始受到广泛关注。菌根真菌作为土壤真菌的一种,与放线菌和细菌等微生物相比,对土壤中有机污染具有更大的忍耐能力.并且能将许多持久性有机污染物(POPs)做为碳源来获取能量。文章通过总结近20年菌根真菌与土壤有机污染物关系的研究,列出了43种能分解POPs的菌根真菌,并探讨了菌根真菌通过直接分解和共代谢的方式降解土壤有机污染物的可能性,为进一步研究菌根真菌生物降解土壤中持久性有机污染物,利用菌根植物生物修复有机污染土壤提供信息。     

饲料中新型持久性有机污染物分析方法与污染特征研究进展

饲料是养殖动物的主要食物来源,饲料中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)能够在养殖动物体内蓄积,从而影响动物源性食品安全,对人体健康构成潜在的危害.目前有关饲料中二英类等传统POPs的研究已较为深入,而饲料中新型POPs的污染也逐渐引起人们的关注.本文综述了现有文献关于饲料中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD...     

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers?? studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, riskbased information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.     

辽东湾海域短链氯化石蜡的生物累积特征

为了解短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)在我国海域的污染现状,于2009年采集了渤海辽东湾海域的浮游动物、8种底栖动物(虾、蟹、蛤、扇贝和螺)和6种鱼类,采用高分辨气相色谱/电子捕获负离子化-低分辨质谱(HRGC/ECNI-LRMS)分析了其中的SCCPs.结果表明,渤海辽东湾海域水生动物体中SCCPs的含量变化范围为O.66...     

Twenty years of achievements in China’s implementation of the Stockholm Convention

● China’s implementation of the SC was systematically studied. ● Implementation process of the SC can be roughly divided into three stages. ● DDT and HCH concentrations in the air have been steadily decreasing. ● China has safely disposed of 6352.1 tons of pesticide POPs. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are extremely harmful to the environment and human health; the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was therefore adopted by the international community in 2001 to eliminate or reduce the production, use, and emissions of POPs. China is the largest developing country that has signed the Stockholm Convention, and thus plays an important role in its implementation. This paper systematically studies the practice and achievements of China since it signed the Stockholm Convention 20 years ago. China has established an implementation guarantee system including institutions, implementation mechanisms, policies, law enforcement, and scientific and technological support. During the 20 years since the implementation of the Stockholm Convention, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) concentrations in the air have been steadily decreasing, and Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOS/PFOSF) concentrations in water bodies have decreased. In the past 20 years, China has safely disposed of 6352.1 tons of pesticide persistent organic pollutants and 36998 sets of electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with a disposal rate of 100%. In the future, China will further strengthen the construction of persistent organic pollutant monitoring networks, scientific research, publicity, education, and international cooperation to improve environmental quality, providing a reference for other countries to implement the Stockholm Convention.     

Globaler Vertrag zur Regelung von POPs: Die Stockholm Konvention

The success of the negotiations on the POPs Convention after the failure of the negotiations over the climate protocol in The Hague in late November is an important result for international action to protect the earth from damage by chemicals. It shows the countries’ real commitment to find compromises for protection of the environment and human health and for the restoration of damaged ecosystems on our planet. It deserves to be highlighted that all participants — not only the industrialized countries but also developing countries as well as environmental organizations and the (chemical) industry — regard the conclusion of this convention as a success and that a broad basis for joint action has thus been created. The convention is a signal also because of its useful contents, which includes instruments for the total elimination of 12 POPs in the beginning and of further persistent organic pollutants at a later stage. The basis for a gradual reduction of the increasing pollution of the environment on a global scale is given by mechanisms for subjecting further POPs to the requirements of this Convention in the future.     

有机氯农药硫丹的生殖毒性及其机制研究进展

硫丹作为一种广谱有机氯农药,在农业区域周边的土壤和水体中都存在较高残留,2011年被斯德哥尔摩公约列入持久性有机污染物(POPs)名单。硫丹已被证实对神经系统、心血管系统、肝、肾等具有毒性作用,关于其生殖毒性的研究很多,但潜在机制尚不完全清楚。本文总结了硫丹导致的不同动物的生殖毒性,并从生殖器官和生殖细胞损伤、氧化应激以及DNA损伤、生殖细胞周期阻滞及细胞凋亡等方面,对近年来硫丹生殖毒性及其作用机制研究进展进行综述,并对其中存在的问题进行讨论,以期有助于深入了解硫丹的毒性效应。     

珠三角地区POPs农药的污染现状及控制对策

概述了中国及国际社会对持久性有机污染物（Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs）的关注情况。并通过对POPs农药在珠江三角洲地区（Pearl River Delta Area,PRD）使用情况的调查，以及对珠江三角洲地区POPs农药在各环境介质中的污染现状的文献综述，结合环境污染数据以及POPs农药污染调查工作中得到的数据和信息，对该地区POPs污染的可能原因和环境中可能存在的新近污染源进行了初步探讨。同时也指出了当前珠江三角洲地区在POPs农药削减与淘汰工作中所遭遇到的缺乏完善的管理体系等困难，并针对问题提出了包括加大科研投入，加强基础研究，掌握污染物来源和去向，加强替代药物的研究，建立和实施更严格的环境法规以及标准，加强环境监测能力建设，建立POPs农药污染的信息公开机制等一系列的控制对策。     

Tributylzinn auf dem Weg zu den ‘Top of the POPs’?

Two groups of pollutants established during the past years, the impact of which on the eco-system gave cause for concern and legislative reaction: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Endocrine Disrupters. At present, only the 12 POPs (‘Dirty Dozen’) are subject to serious international bans as long as they do not belong as well to potential endocrine disrupters, such as the PCDDs/PCDFs (Polychlorinated Dibenzo(p)dioxins and furans). But there are endocrine disrupters which fulfil, the POP-criteria stated in the Stockholm Convention. The organotin compounds are part of them, especially the tributyltin (TBT), since the toxicity increases with increasing alkylation. The present investigations may contribute to the discussion on the POP-potential of TBT on the basis of the results from GfA-internal and literature findings.