载溴活性炭去除烟气中的单质汞

为提高活性炭对烟气中单质汞的吸附作用,利用溴对活性炭进行处理.通过对吸附容量和吸附动力学的测试,研究了载溴活性炭对气体中的单质汞的去除行为.结果表明,载溴可使活性炭对单质汞的吸附量显著增加,并加快对单质汞的吸附速率.实验条件下,当载溴量为0.33%时,活性炭对汞的饱合吸附量可增加约80倍,吸附容量达0.2mg/g;相对吸附系数增加了约40倍.溴负载量越高,吸附强化作用越显著.温度升高,载溴活性炭的吸附能力略有下降,烟气中的二氧化硫对单质汞的吸附速率略有抑制作用.     

活性炭负载催化剂对模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附

通过浸渍法在活性炭上负载催化剂MgCl_2、CoCl_2、MnCl_2对活性炭进行改性,研究了催化剂负载量、吸附温度对活性炭吸附模拟烟气中单质汞的影响。在活性炭表面上添加无机盐MgCl_2、COCl_2、MnCl_2形成各种表面化学基团,从而加快了在炭表面对汞进行的化学吸附行为,提高活性炭的吸附能力和选择性。结果表明,在负载量为5%时,MnCl_2的改性效果最好,吸附效率提高了93%,其次是CoCl_2效率提高了90%。这在于Mn、Co这两种过渡元素价电子层结构为:(n-1)d~(1-10)ns~2,易形成杂化轨道,与单质汞发生氧化还原反应,也可以接受烟气中氧等配体的孤电子对,与活性炭表面的官能团易形成具有独特的催化性能的配合物,这种配合物作为中间产物可对汞的氧化-化学吸附起到配位催化作用,为模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附提供了适宜的反应表面。     

碘化活性炭吸附和预富集水体汞的方法

化学处理活性炭对汞等重金属离子具有良好的吸附特性。通过一系列测试获得了碘化和氯化活性炭预富集水体汞的优化方案。对实验室配制汞标准样品的测试表明,碘化和氯化活性炭对汞具有良好的吸附特性,而采样管的内径、活性炭的填充量以及过滤流速均影响活性炭预富集水体汞的效率。采用600mg的碘化活性炭采样管(内径:0.35cm),在水体过滤流速为10r/min(7mL/min)~25r/min(17mL/min)的条件下,碘化活性炭对水体汞的吸附效率可达到95%以上。增加流速和采样管内径以及减少活性炭填充量均会降低活性炭对水体汞的吸附效率。同时进一步测试了碘化活性炭对高汞(万山汞矿区渗滤水,含量范围:37.68~321.57ng/L)和低汞(贵阳市降水,含量范围:2.76~9.98ng/L)等天然水体汞的预富集效率,其预富集效率的平均值分别为96.74%(n=8)和96.09%(n=8)。该研究为采用化学处理活性炭技术预富集天然水体汞以及开展水体汞同位素测试提供了一种全新方法。     

载硫活性炭脱除天然气中单质汞的研究

在固定床反应装置上考察了商业载硫活性炭脱除天然气中气态Hg⁰的吸附性能、影响因素、再生方法以及吸附动力学,同时结合BET,FTIR,XRD等表征手段提出载硫活性炭脱汞机理.结果表明,空速对脱汞效率限制作用有限,空速从12000 h^-1提高至48000 h^-1,脱除率变化范围在7%以内.增加汞浓度在初始阶段可以提高其脱汞率,增加单位质量活性炭对汞的吸附量,提高温度会增加吸附体系内的活化分子,提高脱汞率,温度在80℃时效果最优,但是温度过高则会产生负面效应.不同阶段的动力学拟合结果表明化学吸附是整个吸附过程的控制步骤.热脱附实验表明载硫活性炭的脱汞温度是在300~450℃,再生后对汞的吸附能力减弱,其原因可归为再生过程中碳硫键的损失和活性炭二次碳化时表面的烧蚀.     

四种燃煤电厂大气汞排放监测方法比较研究

对高锰酸钾溶液吸收法、活性炭吸附管离线采样法、在线连续监测法及安大略法等4种现有燃煤电厂大气汞排放监测方法进行了比较研究。比较结果表明:高锰酸钾溶液吸收法监测结果与实际排放结果相差较大,且监测结果标准偏差高达116.7%,因此不适用于燃煤电厂出口废气监测。其他三种监测方法中,安大略法监测精度最好,但活性炭吸附管离线采样法更适于燃煤电厂大气汞排放日常监测。     

活性炭纤维填充床脱除工业废水中氯苯酚的实践

采用了活性炭纤维吸附法净化水中微量的氯苯酚。在25℃和35℃下，实验测定活性炭纤维吸附氯苯酚的吸附平衡等温线．该吸附等温线符合Langmuir型。水溶液的pH值将影响吸附容量。在碱性条件下吸附容量显著下降。这将有利于吸附剂的再生。测量氯苯酚在活性炭纤维填充床的穿透曲线．在5％突破点处的动态吸附容量为0．23kg(氯苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在25℃下。采用40℃、5％NaOH溶液再生被氯苯酚饱和的活性炭纤维填充床。再生后吸附效率达93％以上。     

活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对溶液中的甲基橙染料吸附动力学研究

采用自制添加活性炭的聚丙烯腈纤维为吸附剂,吸附染料甲基橙溶液,考察了活性炭含量、温度及溶液pH值等因素对纤维吸附染料甲基橙吸附量和吸附速率的影响。结果表明,活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维吸附甲基橙染料符合表观二级动力学方程。吸附过程的限速步骤为甲基橙染料向活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维中活性炭颗粒内部微孔扩散,自制的活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对甲基橙染料具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,可作为甲基橙等染料废水治理的理想材料。     

活性炭在环境保护中的应用 第三讲 吸附工艺与吸附装置

一、活性炭吸附法处理废水的特点及流程: 1.活性炭吸附法处理废水的特点: 1)由于活性炭对有机物具有较好的吸附特性,因此作为废水高级处理的手段日益被人们重视。如酚类、苯类化合物、石油及石油产品等有机化合物去除效果较好,对难于用生物氧化法氧化的有机物,如杀虫剂、合成染料、合成洗涤剂等较其他方法具有独特的效果。对于重金属离子如锌、汞、铬、铝、镍等,由于     

活性炭纤维在饮用水深度净化中的应用研究

活性炭纤维是一种新型高效功能吸附材料．通过实验对活性炭纤维的吸附机理、吸附性能进行了研究，并设计了臭氧生物活性炭纤维对饮用水深度净化工艺．     

特种活性炭处理含汞淡盐水

活性炭或活性炭与其它除汞工艺相结合业已用来处理含汞废水和含汞淡盐水。但是由于活性炭价格昂贵、吸附选择性差及再生困难等问题,影响了它的应用。近年来,许多研究者都致力于廉价高效吸附剂的研究。用聚氯乙烯塑料、废硫化橡胶制得了选择性吸附汞的活性炭。美国有用花生皮、花生壳等废物处理含汞废水。此外,用某些化学物质涂敷于活性炭的表面或者使活性炭包含某些对汞有强亲合力的基团(如—SH基),可     

活性炭纤维在水处理中的应用现状

活性炭纤维(ACF)是有机纤维材料经碳化、活化制成的一种新型吸附材料,具有独特的物理、化学结构和吸附速度快、容量大、含碳量高、再生容易的特点,比传统活性炭具有更好的吸附性能,应用前景广阔,目前已用于水质净化、废水的常规处理和深度处理、回收废水中有用物质等方面,而且处理效果明显、应用价值高.但由于其价格较高、对大分子污染物的吸附性较差等因素,使得活性炭纤维在水处理中的广泛使用受到一定程度的限制,因此,应当对其加强开发研究,拓宽在水处理中的应用范围.     

Effect of oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of mercury on activated carbon

Oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of Hg on activated carbon （AC） was inrestigated. Both MnO2-AC and FeCl3-AC were produced during oxidation treatment. The measurement of modified AC＇s mercury adsorption capacity was conducted in a simulated coal-fired flue gas by adsorbing test apparatus. TCLP and column leaching methods were used to test the stability of mercury adsorbed on ACs. The results indicate that the oxidation treatment changed the pore structure of the AC and modified the carbon surface by creating chemical components such as MnO4^-, Mn^4＋, O, NO^3-, Fe^3＋, Cl^-, etc. The Hg sorption capacity on MnO2-AC or FeCl3-AC was about three times higher than that of untreated carbon. In addition, the mercury control cost of each of the formers was about the half cost of the untreated carbon. The stability of Hg absorption was studied, it found that mercury adsorbed on the oxidation treated AC was not better than that of untreated carbon. It could concluded that the insoluble form of Hg is very important to the stability of mercury adsorbed on AC. This study suggests that the FeCl3-AC is the best absorbent for Hg with high adsorption capacity, better Hg adsorption stability in leaching environment, and lower cost among the three ACs tested.     

活性炭纤维的改性及其微孔结构

采用微波辐射、硝酸回流、微波-硝酸处理和氢氧化钠水溶液浸渍改性了粘胶基活性炭纤维,并对其改性机制进行了探讨.利用氮吸附对改性活性炭纤维的孔隙结构进行了表征.结果表明,除碱改性活性炭纤维外,其余改性活性炭纤维的BET表面积增加、微孔容量增大、对氮气的亲和力增强,而且微波辐射改性可使活性碳BET表面积大大增加.活性炭纤维表面呈双重分维特征.     

Enhancement of elemental mercury adsorption by silver supported material

Mercury, generally found in natural gas, is extremely hazardous. Although average mercury levels are relatively low, they are further reduced to comply with future mercury regulations, which are stringent in order to avoid releasing to the environment. Herein, vapor mercury adsorption was therefore investigated using two kinds of supports, granular activated carbon (GAC) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Both supports were impregnated by silver (5 and 15 wt.%), before testing against a commercial adsorbent (sulfur-impregnated activated carbon, SAC). The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and its thermodynamics of mercury adsorption were reported. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit to the experimental data. Pseudo second-order was applicable to describe adsorption kinetics. The higher uniform Ag dispersion was a key factor for the higher mercury uptake. TiO₂ supported silver adsorbent showed higher mercury adsorption than the commercial one by approximately 2 times. Chemisorption of mercury onto silver active sites was confirmed by an amalgam formation found in the spent adsorbents.     

Enhancement of elemental mercury adsorption by silver supported material

Mercury, generally found in natural gas, is extremely hazardous. Although average mercury levels are relatively low, they are further reduced to comply with future mercury regulations, which are stringent in order to avoid releasing to the environment. Herein, vapor mercury adsorption was therefore investigated using two kinds of supports, granular activated carbon (GAC) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Both supports were impregnated by silver (5 and 15 wt.%), before testing against a commercial adsorbent (sulfur-impregnated activated carbon, SAC). The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and its thermodynamics of mercury adsorption were reported. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit to the experimental data. Pseudo second-order was applicable to describe adsorption kinetics. The higher uniform Ag dispersion was a key factor for the higher mercury uptake. TiO₂ supported silver adsorbent showed higher mercury adsorption than the commercial one by approximately 2 times. Chemisorption of mercury onto silver active sites was confirmed by an amalgam formation found in the spent adsorbents.     

石油裂解气中总汞采样方法的改进

石油裂解气中汞的形态主要有气态汞和颗粒态汞。《空气和废气监测分析方法》（第四版）,废气中汞有高锰酸钾溶液吸收法和玻璃纤维滤膜（滤筒）两种采样方法。溶液吸收法适合气态汞采样,滤膜（滤筒）采样法适合颗粒态汞采样。本文将两种采样方法串联对某石化企业的石油裂解气总汞进行监测分析,结果表明：石油裂解气中颗粒态汞与气态汞比例约为1：9;气态汞样品平行性较好,两个点位6次RSD值分别为17.2%和17.0%;颗粒态汞两个点位6次RSD值分别为25.3%和23.1%。建议对石油裂解气总汞监测采用玻璃纤维滤膜和高锰酸钾溶液吸收法串联采样。     

改性活性炭对二硫化碳吸附性能研究

用浸渍法和微波法对活性炭改性,在室温下分别进行静态和动态实验,通过实验数据对比及理论分析,初步认为经微波改性的活性炭对二硫化碳有较好的吸附性能。选取微波15min改性活性炭对二硫化碳进行动态吸附实验,考察活性炭改性前后对二硫化碳的吸附性能。采用多个模型方程对数据进行回归,从回归模型可以看出,实验数据能够较好满足Langmuir-Freundlich方程。利用热重曲线及FT-IR谱图进一步分析微波改性活性炭对二硫化碳吸附性能的变化。研究结果为工业采用改性活性炭预脱除含二硫化碳的气体提供参考。