载溴石油焦脱除烟气痕量Hg0的动力学机理

采用化学-机械溴化法对废弃物石油焦进行改性,制得的载溴石油焦吸附剂用来脱除燃煤烟气中的痕量Hg⁰.通过比表面积及孔径分析（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对石油焦载溴前后进行表征和分析,发现石油焦中的有机硫促进了溴的负载,且负载方式为化学吸附.通过固定床脱汞试验,并应用4种动力学模型对初始汞浓度梯度和反应温度梯度下的实验数据进行拟合分析,结果表明：温度在150℃时,载溴石油焦的汞吸附效果最优;增加烟气中痕量Hg⁰浓度能提高载溴石油焦的汞吸附速率和单位累积汞吸附量;描述化学吸附的Elovich动力学模型的拟合相关系数达到0.9999以上,说明化学吸附在载溴石油焦脱汞过程中起主导作用.     

载铁活性炭对水中草甘膦吸附性能研究

通过浸渍-焙烧法制备载铁活性炭,并用SEM电镜分析了载铁活性炭表面形态,研究了载铁活性炭(Fe-AC)对草甘膦溶液的吸附等温线和吸附动力学,并分析了各种影响因素对载铁活性炭吸附性能的影响.实验表明,Freundlich方程可以对Fe-AC草甘膦吸附等温线进行很好拟合,最大吸附量约为5.8mmol/g;其吸附动力学过程用Lagergren方程拟合,吸附速率常数在0.088min-1左右,且随着温度的升高逐渐减小.根据Kannan & Sundaram颗粒内扩散模型拟合,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp大于10mg·min-1/2/g,并随着起始温度的升高而减小.由于草甘膦的存在形态和Fe-AC材料表面性质的变化,AC-Fe对草甘膦的吸附能力随水溶液的pH升高而降低.NaCl的存在产生拮抗效应使得Fe-AC对草甘膦的吸附容量大大下降,随着NaCl浓度增加至4g/L后,盐析效应开始占主导地位,使得Fe-AC的吸附容量略有增加;由于草甘膦分子的空间位阻效应和亚磷酸根与载铁活性炭表面形成较强的络合物,使得随亚磷酸根浓度的升高Fe-AC对草甘膦的吸附量持续下降.     

活性炭负载催化剂对模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附

通过浸渍法在活性炭上负载催化剂MgCl_2、CoCl_2、MnCl_2对活性炭进行改性,研究了催化剂负载量、吸附温度对活性炭吸附模拟烟气中单质汞的影响。在活性炭表面上添加无机盐MgCl_2、COCl_2、MnCl_2形成各种表面化学基团,从而加快了在炭表面对汞进行的化学吸附行为,提高活性炭的吸附能力和选择性。结果表明,在负载量为5%时,MnCl_2的改性效果最好,吸附效率提高了93%,其次是CoCl_2效率提高了90%。这在于Mn、Co这两种过渡元素价电子层结构为:(n-1)d~(1-10)ns~2,易形成杂化轨道,与单质汞发生氧化还原反应,也可以接受烟气中氧等配体的孤电子对,与活性炭表面的官能团易形成具有独特的催化性能的配合物,这种配合物作为中间产物可对汞的氧化-化学吸附起到配位催化作用,为模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附提供了适宜的反应表面。     

吸附法脱除燃煤烟气汞

介绍了吸附法净化燃煤烟气汞的发展趋势,主要包括:活性炭吸附法、活性炭吸附再生法、改性活性炭吸附法、活性炭纤维吸附法以及我们所研究的载银活性炭纤维-低温等离子体原位再生技术等,希望能够为我国汞谈判、汞减排及汞资源的回收利用提供新的思路。     

壳聚糖吸附剂脱除燃煤模拟烟气中汞的试验研究

采用在线检测法检测了纯氮气气氛下及模拟烟气气氛下高分子化合物壳聚糖吸附剂对单质汞的吸附特性,结果表明,温度升高有利于脱汞反应的进行,纯氮气氛下脱除汞单质效率不高,60℃时为28.85%, 120℃时升为38.46%;氮氧化物、硫氧化物对汞的脱除有一定的促进作用,在模拟烟气气氛下120℃时吸附剂出口平衡吸附率为48.05%,平均吸附率约68%.红外光谱分析揭示了壳聚糖吸附剂吸附烟气中汞的机理为2个游离氨基与2个羟基鳌合1个汞原子或汞离子.     

载硫活性炭脱除天然气中单质汞的研究

在固定床反应装置上考察了商业载硫活性炭脱除天然气中气态Hg⁰的吸附性能、影响因素、再生方法以及吸附动力学,同时结合BET,FTIR,XRD等表征手段提出载硫活性炭脱汞机理.结果表明,空速对脱汞效率限制作用有限,空速从12000 h^-1提高至48000 h^-1,脱除率变化范围在7%以内.增加汞浓度在初始阶段可以提高其脱汞率,增加单位质量活性炭对汞的吸附量,提高温度会增加吸附体系内的活化分子,提高脱汞率,温度在80℃时效果最优,但是温度过高则会产生负面效应.不同阶段的动力学拟合结果表明化学吸附是整个吸附过程的控制步骤.热脱附实验表明载硫活性炭的脱汞温度是在300~450℃,再生后对汞的吸附能力减弱,其原因可归为再生过程中碳硫键的损失和活性炭二次碳化时表面的烧蚀.     

燃煤烟气中单质汞的净化脱除

总结了燃煤烟气中汞污染控制的技术原理、技术特点、研究现状及进展情况,对比了烟气中较难脱除的单质汞(Hg0)污染控制技术的优缺点,概述了烟气中单质汞脱除方法,展望了蛭石黏土类矿物对燃煤烟气中汞的吸附脱除方面的应用潜力,提出了对燃煤烟气中单质汞吸附净化的研究思路.     

工业燃煤锅炉烟气循环方式下飞灰的汞吸附特性

为探究燃煤锅炉烟气循环方式下飞灰汞的吸附特性,利用固定床汞吸附装置,对立式煤粉沉降炉不同模拟烟气循环工况条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附特性进行了研究,重点考察了烟气循环比例、煤种、关键燃烧气体组分等因素的影响.结果表明:①烟气循环工况条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附能力明显优于非烟气循环工况（空气燃烧）条件下形成的飞灰,并且随烟气循环比例的增加,飞灰汞吸附量呈逐渐增加趋势.褐煤在净烟气循环比例为60%、40%、20%的条件下形成的飞灰汞吸附量分别是非烟气循环条件下的3.0、2.3和1.6倍.②烟气循环引起燃烧气体氛围中ρ（SO₂）与ρ（NO）的变化会影响飞灰的物化特性及其汞吸附性能.随燃烧氛围中ρ（SO₂）的提高,飞灰汞吸附量先增后减.烟气循环比例为40%且燃烧气体氛围中ρ（NO）为803 mg/m3条件下,ρ（SO₂）为2 857 mg/m3时褐煤与烟煤燃烧形成的飞灰汞吸附量较高（分别为0.45和0.75 μg/g）,分别较ρ（SO₂）为1 428和4 286 mg/m3时提高了25%~300%和53%~78%.随燃烧氛围中ρ（NO）的提高,飞灰汞吸附量呈逐渐增加趋势.烟气循环比例为40%且燃烧气体氛围中ρ（SO₂）为2 857 mg/m3条件下,ρ（NO）为1 205 mg/m3时褐煤和烟煤燃烧形成的飞灰汞吸附量较高,分别较ρ（NO）为803和402 mg/m3时提高了1.2~3.6和1.1~1.6倍.③飞灰中UBC（未燃尽碳）、CaO、MgO及Fe₂O₃可促进飞灰对汞的吸附.与褐煤飞灰相比,烟煤飞灰表现出更优的汞吸附性能,与UBC、CaO、MgO及Fe₂O₃在飞灰中的含量存在一定的正相关性.研究显示,烟气循环方式下飞灰汞吸附特性发生明显变化,煤质的合理选择、烟气循环比例、循环气体成分及浓度参数的优化控制可显著改善燃煤锅炉烟气中汞的排放控制效果.      

PTFE复合材料吸附烟气中SO_2和Hg的实验研究

以煤质活性炭为原料、乙醇溶液为分散剂和PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)乳液为粘结剂制备了PTFE复合材料吸附剂,采用KI浸渍负载和HNO3浸渍氧化的方法对复合材料进行了改性以提高其对烟气中SO2和Hg的吸附性能。采用固定床吸附性能评价装置对复合材料的脱硫脱汞性能进行了评价,并对不同改性方法的可能吸附机理进行了分析。结果表明:复合材料的SO2吸附寿命延长了2倍,这可能是由于PTFE的疏水性能造成的。并且复合材料经两种方法改性处理后,脱硫脱汞能力均有了较大地提高,HNO3改性复合材料脱硫效果更好,单位SO2脱除量可增加25mg/g,而KI改性复合材料具有更好的脱汞效果,单位汞吸附量增大1.6倍左右。     

负载硫氯化合物的活性炭去除单质汞的研究

文章在模拟含汞气体条件下研究了高温下负载氯化硫的活性炭对单质汞的去除效果及反应条件对去除率的影响。实验发现,140℃时负载氯化硫的活性炭在接近实际烟气汞浓度条件下能在长时间内保持较高的单质汞去除率;单质汞去除率与氯化硫负载率成正比,与反应温度和模拟含汞气体进口汞浓度成反比。     

Effect of oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of mercury on activated carbon

Oxidation treatment on the adsorption and the stability of Hg on activated carbon （AC） was inrestigated. Both MnO2-AC and FeCl3-AC were produced during oxidation treatment. The measurement of modified AC＇s mercury adsorption capacity was conducted in a simulated coal-fired flue gas by adsorbing test apparatus. TCLP and column leaching methods were used to test the stability of mercury adsorbed on ACs. The results indicate that the oxidation treatment changed the pore structure of the AC and modified the carbon surface by creating chemical components such as MnO4^-, Mn^4＋, O, NO^3-, Fe^3＋, Cl^-, etc. The Hg sorption capacity on MnO2-AC or FeCl3-AC was about three times higher than that of untreated carbon. In addition, the mercury control cost of each of the formers was about the half cost of the untreated carbon. The stability of Hg absorption was studied, it found that mercury adsorbed on the oxidation treated AC was not better than that of untreated carbon. It could concluded that the insoluble form of Hg is very important to the stability of mercury adsorbed on AC. This study suggests that the FeCl3-AC is the best absorbent for Hg with high adsorption capacity, better Hg adsorption stability in leaching environment, and lower cost among the three ACs tested.     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

碳汞比对燃煤烟气中Hg脱除影响的实验研究

利用吸附反应器和袋式除尘器联合脱汞系统,研究了活性炭喷射对模拟烟气中元素汞的脱除影响。实验表明,吸附反应器对元素汞的脱除起主要作用,并且脱汞效率随碳汞比的增加而提高;碳汞比的变化对除尘器的脱汞效率影响不大。在碳汞比为4 000、6 000、8 000下,系统的脱汞效率分别为39.9%、42.5%、47.3%。实验同时探讨了除尘器滤袋上粉尘层的存在对脱汞效率的影响,结果表明:在表面过滤速度为0.98 m/min的实验条件下,在碳汞比为4 000、6 000、8 000下,粉尘层的脱汞效率分别为:3.65%、3.20%、3.66%。     

Vapor-phase elemental mercury adsorption by residual carbon separated from fly ash

Introduction The impact of mercury on the environment and thephysiological health of human is well documented(Laudal,2000; Poissant, 2002; Galbreath, 2000; Palusova, 1991).Mercury, especially methyl mercury, has high affinities forfatty tissue…     

聚苯硫醚(PPS)掺炭纤维协同飞灰脱除气态汞的实验研究

利用汞蒸气发生器产生的单质汞和烟气中的一些主要气体成分模拟烟气条件,在固定床实验系统上分别进行了燃煤飞灰、聚苯硫醚(PPS)掺炭纤维及燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维联合对燃煤烟气中Hg0的脱除实验研究.结果表明:燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的共同结果,它们各自的脱汞效率分别可达27%和65%左右...     

Regeneration performance and carbon consumption of semi-coke and activated coke for SO2 and NO removal

To decrease the operating cost of flue gas purification technologies based on carbon-based materials, the adsorption and regeneration performance of low-price semi-coke and activated coke were compared for SO₂ and NO removal in a simulated flue gas. The functional groups of the two adsorbents before and after regeneration were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and were quantitatively assessed using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) coupled with FTIR and acid–base titration. The results show that semi-coke had higher adsorption capacity (16.2% for SO₂ and 38.6% for NO) than activated coke because of its higher content of basic functional groups and lactones. After regeneration, the adsorption performance of semi-coke decreased because the number of active functional groups decreased and the micropores increased. Semi-coke had better regeneration performance than activated coke. Semi-coke had a larger SO₂ recovery of 7.2% and smaller carbon consumption of 12% compared to activated coke. The semi-coke carbon-based adsorbent could be regenerated at lower temperatures to depress the carbon consumption, because the SO₂ recovery was only reduced a small amount.