酸胁迫对马尾松幼苗生长及根际铝形态的影响

在不同p H值(2.5、3.5、4.5和5.6)模拟酸雨处理下,研究根箱栽培马尾松(Pinus massoniana L.)幼苗生物量(根茎长、根与茎叶干重、一级侧根数)、叶绿素含量以及根系质膜相对透性的变化,在酸雨pH 3.5-5.6范围内对松树幼苗根际与非根际土壤的pH值和铝形态以及植株铝积累量进行测定,以探明酸胁迫对马尾松幼苗生长及根际铝形态的影响.结果显示:当酸雨p H从5.6降至2.5,马尾松幼苗生物量和叶绿素含量均降低,而根系质膜透性从13.2%升至36.4%,膜伤害度由轻度的4.1%提高到重度的23.2%,且重度酸胁迫下两者变化均极显著(P 0.01);此外随酸胁迫强度的增强,马尾松根际与非根际土壤pH值分别由5.95和5.91降至4.02和3.87,而根际土壤中交换态、有机结合态铝含量则分别上升至7.27和18.1 mg/kg,且马尾松植株铝积累量增加至49.46μg/株,其在植株根系中的积累量明显高于地上部分.上述结果表明,酸胁迫使得马尾松根系质膜受损程度增加,叶绿素含量减少,引起光合作用减弱,幼苗生长受到抑制;另外,酸雨能改变土壤中铝化合物的形态,增加活性铝离子溶出量,其中一部分转化成有机结合态铝,另一部分则通过根系吸收累积在幼苗植株内,阻碍马尾松生长发育.(图5表3参45)     

中幼龄粗枝云杉(Picea asperata)根系的觅食能力

于四川省理县米亚罗林区选择幼龄期及中龄期两种生长阶段粗枝云杉个体为研究对象,采用挖掘法搜集全部根系,基于根系生物量及形态指标,从觅食器官总量角度定量衡量研究对象根系的觅食能力,并结合根序分级理论,基于前五级根序生理指标对其细根内部组分觅食效率进行评价,揭示其异质性规律.结果显示,9年、12年和29年生云杉侧根总生物量分别为154.50、2 195.27、7 380.60 g,总表面积分别为3 295.38、39 564.93、179 023.54 cm2,其中细根生物量依次为27.74、188.79、1 022.89 g,总表面积分别为2 353.97、19 395.49、98 551.54 cm2.根系比根长、总氮含量同根系觅食能力存在正相关关系.随着根序的增加,云杉前五级根系比根长、总氮含量呈显著下降趋势(P=0.000),因此,一级根至五级根根系觅食能力逐渐下降,细根内部组分觅食能力存在显著异质性.其中,一级根比根长和总氮含量远远大于其他根序,是云杉细根内部觅食能力最高的部分.云杉前五级根序非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)及其组分含量较低,随根序增加无显著变化规律,各根序自身NSC储量无法成为其觅食行为的主要能量供应源.上述研究结果为植物行为学研究,乃至森林地下生态学过程研究提供了基础数据,同时进一步丰富了对树木根系结构与功能的认识.     

盐碱胁迫对三江藨草幼苗功能性状的影响

盐碱作为盐碱湿地生态系统的重要环境因子之一,影响着湿地植物的定植、生长和繁殖.以莫莫格盐碱湿地常见植物三江藨草(Scirpus nipponicus)为研究对象,设置了盐度(25,100,200 mmol/L)和pH值(7.79±0.06,9.42±0.02,10.40±0.01)各3个梯度处理,及1个空白处理作为对照,探讨不同盐碱胁迫及其交互作用对湿地植物三江藨草幼苗功能性状和生物量分配格局的影响.结果显示,盐碱胁迫对三江藨草幼苗生长、生物量积累及其分配均产生显著影响(P 0.05).与空白处理相比,随着盐碱胁迫的升高,三江藨草幼苗株高、分株数、球茎数等功能性状,以及根、根茎、球茎、地下、地上生物量和总生物量等均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;三江藨草幼苗在盐度和pH分别为25 mmol/L和7.79(±0.06)时生长最好,在盐度和pH分别为200 mmol/L和10.40(±0.01)时,植株全部死亡;盐碱胁迫对三江藨草幼苗生物量分配具有显著影响(P 0.05),随着盐碱胁迫增强,根和地上生物量分配增加,而球茎生物量分配减少,根茎生物量在25 mmol/L盐度处理下分配减少,在其他盐度处理下分配则增加.本研究表明碱胁迫对植物的伤害强于盐胁迫,湿地土壤的碱化对三江藨草的生长更为不利.(图4表3参43)     

渭北黄土区刺槐根系空间分布特征研究

采用土钻法对黄土高原地区主要造林树种刺槐的根系分布特征进行调查,结果表明不同立地上刺槐根系的空间分布特征具有明显差异.阴坡立地上,刺槐根系随距树干距离的增加表现出了先增加后减少的趋势,并且不同深度土层的分布相对比较均匀,这一分布特征扩大了刺槐根系的吸收空间范围,有利于树木地上部分的生长;而阳坡立地上的刺槐根系随距树干距离的增加呈降低趋,并且各处根系集中分布在40～80 cm的土层中,这一分布特征限制了根系在土层中的吸收空间,进而树木地上部分的生长也产生了一定的限制作用.对不同径级根系生物量分布特征的分析结果表明,不同立地上根系存在的差异主要是由于大径级根系生物量而引起的,阴坡立地上的细根生物量更大一些.在两个立地上,直径为1 mm<d<3 mm的根系生物量具有相似的分布特征;而直径d<1 mm的根系生物量具有明显的差异,反映了立地条件对于树木生长的影响,可以作为反映根系吸收等生理特性的有效根系.结合树木根系消弱系数,从量化的角度对不同立地上刺槐根系分布特征的进一步分析,结果表明阳坡立地上刺槐较细根系的根系消弱系数数值较小,说明在深层土壤中的分布较少,这种分布结构不利于树木对深层土壤水分和养分的吸收利用;而阴坡立地上的刺槐较细根系的根系消弱系数数值较大,说明在深层土壤中细根的分布比例相对较大,这种分布特征扩大了刺槐的吸收空间,有利于树木吸收深层的水分和养分,促进树木地上部分的生长和发育.     

生根粉对梭梭苗木根系生长及成活的影响

在自然条件下,采用随机区组设计研究了生根粉(ABT3号)4个处理(25、50、100、200 mg L-1)对人工种植的梭梭幼苗细根动态、年生长终期根系形态特征以及成活率的影响.结果表明:1)梭梭幼苗一年中细根生长有2次高峰,峰值分别出现在6月和9～10月.经生根粉处理后,梭梭幼苗细根的生长动态与对照基本一致,但在具体月份生根粉明显增加了细根总长度、细根生长速率和细根数量密度.2)ABT3号生根粉可以使梭梭幼苗的存活率达到50%以上,显著高于对照的34.75%,相关分析表明生根粉提高梭梭幼苗成活率是通过增加根系生长来实现的.3)由主成分分析可知,50 mg L-1的生根粉处理作用效果最理想.因此,建议在梭梭种植过程中可使用50 mg L-1的生根粉提高其成活率;在本地,肉苁蓉接种的最佳季节是6月.图2表3参31     

武夷山不同海拔黄山松根系生物量季节变化特征

为揭示植物对环境的适应机制,以江西武夷山国家自然保护区的黄山松为研究对象,探讨该地5个海拔梯度(1 200、1 400、1 600、1 800、2 000 m)的黄山松根系生物量(根的直径d≤5 mm)的季节变化特征.结果显示:江西武夷山黄山松细根(d≤2 mm)年度内的平均生物量为158.76 g/m~2,中根(2 mmd≤5 mm)年度内的平均生物量为4.68g/m~2.海拔对黄山松细根、中根的生物量均有显著的影响.季节对黄山松细根生物量无显著影响,但对中根生物量具有显著影响,即在同一海拔中根生物量具有显著的季节差异,冬季中根生物量显著高于其他季节(P0.05).上述表明细根与中根生物量不同的季节变化规律体现了不同类型根系在不同生长季具有不同的生长策略,而海拔间的变化则体现不同类型根系在不同生境下的环境适应,结果可为保障我国黄山松林业可持续发展提供理论依据.     

草本竞争对白桦、五角枫更新幼苗高生长的影响

草本竞争在森林更新早期具有显著的生态效应,然而对其发生机理的理论认知仍相当有限.以白桦和五角枫为试验对象进行盆栽控制试验,设置4种竞争方式（无竞争、全竞争、地上竞争、地下竞争）、4种土壤养分梯度（0、8、16、32g/m2）及2种养分分布水平（均、异质）,各个处理8次重复,通过测量生物量及苗高、地径、叶片表面积、根系表面积和根长等形态指标,基于线性模型实现草本竞争效应的线性分解,精确衡量各竞争效应组分贡献率的相对重要性,进而基于结构方程模型揭示不同土壤养分状况下草本竞争对幼苗高生长的作用机理.结果显示：草本竞争对不同演替阶段幼苗生长存在显著的抑制作用（P <0.05）.地上、地下竞争及二者交互作用贡献率分别处于40%-60%、20%-30%、20%-30%之间.不同土壤养分浓度及养分分布对其贡献率均有显著影响.草本植物分别主要通过影响白桦幼苗的养分吸收能力（0.62）和五角枫幼苗的光合能力（0.74）进而影响其高生长.在高养分浓度或异质土壤养分分布状况下,土壤养分吸收能力较光合能力更为重要.两种不同生态学习性树种的草本竞争效应存在明显差异（P <0.05）.本研究表明草本竞...     

喀斯特生境下AMF侵染对任豆生长的影响

喀斯特地区土壤退化,植被定植更新困难,丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)具有增强植物养分吸收能力和抵抗逆境胁迫能力。研究喀斯特生境下植物与AMF共生效果,选择优势菌种促进喀斯特植被恢复,对于提高植物定植成活率具有重要作用。以豆科植物任豆(Zenia insignis)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下,选取喀斯特优势菌种-摩西球囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices),2种菌根真菌混合菌剂进行接种,培养180 d,研究贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境和养分较高的滇柏林下土壤生境下AMF对任豆生长影响。结果表明:摩西球囊霉、根内球囊霉和混合接种均能侵染任豆根系,幼嫩根系更易侵染,木质化根系侵染率下降。接种摩西球囊霉,贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高68.92%、56.18%、83.90%、42.20%和67.34%;养分较高的滇柏林下喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高48.05%、6.77%、7.92%和8.89%;根内球囊霉处理接种效应低于摩西球囊霉和混合接种处理,对生物量增长为负效应,混合接种处理接种效应介于单接种之间,摩西球囊霉接种效果优于根内球囊霉和混合接种。摩西球囊霉在贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下发挥的促生效应优于养分较高的喀斯特土壤,可作为喀斯特侵蚀区植被恢复菌根真菌干扰途径的优势菌种,混合接种作为接种剂具有单接种兼容效应。     

西北典型荒漠植物红砂生物量及根系形态特征对降水格局的响应

红砂(Corispermum candelabrum)是一种广泛分布于荒漠生态系统中的典型沙生植物。以红砂为研究对象,利用塑料遮雨棚,人工模拟不同降水格局(降水量不变,W;降水减少30%,W1-;降水减少60%;W2-;降水增加30%;W1+;降水增加60%,W2+),研究红砂生物量及根系形态的变化特征。结果表明,(1)红砂地上和地下生物量均表现为:降水增加CK降水减少,其中地上生物量差异达显著(P0.05)。对于降水增加处理,红砂不同器官生物量大致表现为茎叶花;对于降水减少处理,不同器官生物量大致表现为叶茎花。不同降水处理下根冠比差异均不显著(P0.05)。(2)不同土层根重和根长密度基本表现为降水增加对照降水减少;根重和根长密度均随着土层深度的增加而逐渐减小,在40～50cm土层根重和根长密度较低。(3)降水对红砂根系形态特征具有显著的影响,其中降水增加(W1+、W2+)增加了根平均直径、根总长、总表面积、比根长;降水减少(W1-、W2-)降低了根平均直径、根总长、总表面积、比根长。比根长和比表面积则呈现出相反的变化趋势。(4)随着降水的增加,根系分形维数逐渐增加,其中降水增加显著增加了根系分形维数(P0.05),降水减少显著降低了根系分形维数(P0.05);根系丰度呈相反的变化趋势,并且红砂根系分形维数和分形丰度间均存在极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。(5)红砂根系形态特征排序分析表明,降水增加根系形态特征主要分布在排序轴的左侧,具有较高的生物量以及较低的比根长和比表面积;而降水减少位于排序轴的右侧具有相反的特征,其形态特征与比根长和比表面积具有较强的负相关,说明红砂根系具有较强的形态可塑性。     

养分(磷)吸收机理模型的应用研究──Ⅱ.模型参数的敏感性分析

采用Claassen的养分吸收机理模型探讨了玉米与大豆幼苗磷吸收过程中的参数敏感性，结果表明：在一般土壤与施肥条件下，玉米与大豆幼苗吸收磷的高度敏感性参数或重要限制因素为根系伸长速率与根半径；在相同土壤供磷条件下，供试大豆幼苗根系的磷摄取能力远低于玉米幼苗根系的磷摄取能力，其原因归结于两者在根系最大养分流Imax与根系伸长速率K两个敏感性参数上的差异；玉米与大豆幼苗磷吸收过程中三种根毛参数的敏感性均较低，这主要与土壤供磷水平较高有关；土壤含水量在玉米幼苗磷吸收过程中表现了极高的敏感性,当土壤含水量降低时，土壤养分供应参数对玉米幼苗磷吸收的敏感性与限制作用均增大。     

菌根类型对森林树木净初级生产力的影响

菌根是土壤真菌与植物根系形成的共生体,存在于绝大多数植物（90%）的根系和生境中。菌根共有7种类型,在生态系统的过程和功能方面都扮演着十分重要的角色。为了增强对菌根在森林生态系统中重要功能的理解,文章基于全球森林数据库,在全球尺度上研究了不同菌根类型对森林树木净初级生产力（NPP）的影响。结果表明,森林树木NPP随菌根类型的不同而不同,AM类型菌根森林的NPP[679.49 g.m-2.a-1（以C计）]要显著高于含ECM类型菌根的森林[479.00 g.m-2.a-1（以C计）];菌根类型的不同对森林树木地上和地下及其各组分NPP的影响和贡献也存在着显著的不同,AM类型菌根对地下NPP的贡献要高于ECM菌根,而ECM菌根对地上NPP的贡献则较大。菌根类型对地上、地下NPP组分的影响分析则表明,AM类型的菌根对树叶和细根NPP的贡献较大,而ECM类型菌根则对树木主干和枝NPP的贡献较大。可见,森林树木总体NPP及其各组分NPP都随着菌根类型的不同而存在显著的差异。     

Potassium, phosphorus, or nitrogen limit root allocation, tree growth, or litter production in a lowland tropical forest

We maintained a factorial nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) addition experiment for 11 years in a humid lowland forest growing on a relatively fertile soil in Panama to evaluate potential nutrient limitation of tree growth rates, fine-litter production, and fine-root biomass. We replicated the eight factorial treatments four times using 32 plots of 40 x 40 m each. The addition of K was associated with significant decreases in stand-level fine-root biomass and, in a companion study of seedlings, decreases in allocation to roots and increases in height growth rates. The addition of K and N together was associated with significant increases in growth rates of saplings and poles (1-10 cm in diameter at breast height) and a further marginally significant decrease in stand-level fine-root biomass. The addition of P was associated with a marginally significant (P = 0.058) increase in fine-litter production that was consistent across all litter fractions. Our experiment provides evidence that N, P, and K all limit forest plants growing on a relatively fertile soil in the lowland tropics, with the strongest evidence for limitation by K among seedlings, saplings, and poles.     

模拟水深和氮添加对三江平原湿地植物功能性状的影响

水深和氮素是影响湿地植物生长的关键因素,研究两者对功能性状的影响有助于预测未来环境变化下湿地植物的生长与分布趋势.以三江平原沼泽湿地3种优势植物(漂筏苔草Carex pseudocuraica、毛苔草Carex lasiocarpa和燕子花lris laevigata)为研究对象,设置3个水深(0、5、15 cm)和3...     

Influence of iron plaque on chromium accumulation and translocation in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars grown in solution culture

Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the role of iron plaque on root surface in chromium accumulation and translocation in three rice cultivars (90-68-2, CDR22 and Jin 23A). Rice seedlings were grown under 1.0 mg L^?1 trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) stress with and without phosphorus (P) treatments. P addition significantly increased the shoot and root biomass in all three rice cultivars. In the absence of P, the amounts of iron plaque (DCB-extractable Fe) on the root surface increased resulting in the increase of Cr accumulation in iron plaque. Compared to that with P treatment, Cr concentrations in iron plaque without P treatment were enhanced by 2–3 folds in the three rice cultivars. There was a significantly positive correlation between DCB-extractable Cr and DCB-extractable Fe on the root surface of the three rice cultivars. There were no significant effects on Cr concentration in roots and shoots between P treatments, but significant differences among cultivars were observed. Cultivar Jin 23A had the lowest Cr concentration both in roots and shoots regardless of P treatment. The results suggest that iron plaque could be a trap for immobilising Cr from environment but may not affect Cr uptake and translocation. Screening and breeding the cultivars with low Cr accumulation is considered as the most effective approach in Cr contaminated areas.     

Effects of the interactions between selenium and phosphorus on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 micromol l(-1)), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 micromol l(-1)). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg(-1) phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg(-1), the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.     

Nitrogen availability in relation to vegetation changes resulting from grass encroachment in Dutch dry dunes

The encroachment of some tall grass species in open dune vegetation, as observed in a Dutch dry dune area, is considered unfavourable from a conservation viewpoint. This paper investigates differences in vegetation and soil properties between grass-dominated and still existing open dune grassland plots at four locations along the coast. Soil properties studied include nitrogen and phosphorus pools and nitrogen availability by mineralization. Vegetation properties included are above and below-ground biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in above-ground biomass. Systematic differences in N-pools between grass-dominated and open dune grassland plots were not observed. However, N-availability by mineralization and its turnover rates are higher in grass-dominated plots than in open dune grassland plots, as well as above and below-ground biomass. In open dune grassland plots, atmospheric N-input is an important source of N, whereas in grass-dominated plots mineralization largely exceeds atmospheric N-input. However, these observations do not explain the mosaic-like vegetation pattern. Grazing intensity is most likely the determinant factor in the dry dune system. It is concluded, that grass encroachment is probably triggered by atmospheric deposition and is enhanced by positive feedbacks in the N-cycle. The relevance of these results for restoration management is briefly discussed.     

滨海沙地木麻黄人工林细根生物量及其动态研究

2005年1月到11月对福建省惠安县赤湖林场不同林龄木麻黄人工林细根的生物量及其动态特征进行了研究.结果表明,24a生木麻黄林细根生物量分别占其地下部分生物量和林分总生物量的53.1%和3.8%;活细根的生物量随林龄的增大而逐渐增加,至30a林龄时达到最大值12.373thm-2,而后逐渐下降,死细根的生物量则呈现一直增大的趋势,木麻黄人工林细根的生物量与林分地上部分的生长具有显著的相关关系;细根生物量具有明显的季节动态,各林龄无论活细根还是死细根都表现为双峰型,3a生和18a生的活细根出现在1月和7月,而12a生出现在3月和7月,对于死细根,12a生和18a生的两个峰值出现在3月和7月,5a生则出现在7月和11月.各林龄木麻黄防护林活、死细根密度垂直分布呈单峰型,最大值出现在表层的0~10cm土层中,后随土层厚度增加逐渐减少,其中5a林龄细根生物量随土层深度增加而减少表现最为明显.在0~10cm土层中的活、死细根生物量分别占全部活细根生物量的51.9%和死细根生物量的53.3%,活细根生物量的84.6%和死细根生物量的82.8%分布在0~30cm的土层中.以后随着林龄的增加,表层土壤中细根生物量的比重降低而深层的比重增加.图3表2参31     

From single fine roots to a black alder forest ecosystem: How system behaviour emerges from single component activities

Based on empirical findings in a natural black alder ecosystem in Northern Germany we developed an individual based model that integrates components of a black alder ecosystem interacting on different levels of organisation. The factors determining seasonal fine root biomass development of forest ecosystems are not yet fully understood.We used an object oriented model approach to investigate this complex matter for black alder trees. Processes like growth, storage, respiration, transport, nutrient mineralisation and uptake as well as interactions among these factors are described on the level of functionally differentiated plant organs (fine roots, coarse roots, stem, branches, leaves) and soil units. The object structure of the model is determined by spatial relations between plant modules as well as between plant modules and their local environment modules.As results of model application we found that (i) on the organ level, spatio-temporal plasticity of (root) growth allocation is related to spatio-temporal variation of resource availability, (ii) on the plant level, balanced root:shoot growth appears in response to variation of available resources light and nutrients, (iii) on the population level, tree stand development (population structure, self-thinning) resulted from coexistence and competition between plant individuals.For the understanding of the root compartment it seems relevant that the model implementation of local scale fine root dynamics is consistent with a self-organised large scale spatial heterogeneity of fine root activity pattern. On the other hand, fine-root dynamics cannot be explained as a result of autonomous dynamics. A reference to above-ground processes is a necessary condition and the overall plant seems to act as an integrator providing boundary conditions for local activity pattern. At the same time fine-root characteristics are of some importance for properties on hierarchically higher levels, e.g. co-existence in a tree population or element cycling in the ecosystem.As a conclusion, modelling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of tree root systems appears as a paradigmatic example of scale and organisation level integrating processes.     

Effects of the Interactions Between Selenium and Phosphorus on the Growth and Selenium Accumulation in Rice (Oryza Sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 mol l^–1), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 mol l^–1). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg^–1 phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg^–1, the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.