填埋场渗滤液处理模式的试验研究

通过建立试验装置模拟深圳市滨河污水处理厂工艺流程,分别验证不同水量的渗滤液原液及预处理后的渗滤液对污水处理厂出水水质的影响。研究结果表明,当渗滤液添加量小于0.5%或预处理后的渗滤液添加量小于1.3%时,处理装置及处理后的污水水质可不受渗滤液水质冲击影响,出水COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,pH都满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A的排放要求。     

混凝-气浮预处理垃圾渗滤液的模拟试验研究

为了降低垃圾渗滤液中有机物和悬浮物含量,减轻后续处理负担,采用混凝-气浮工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并考察其影响因素.结果表明,混凝剂种类、用量、混凝pH值、气浮作用时间等因素对有机物的去除率有明显影响.在优化工艺条件下,当进水COD为5 600 mg·L-1时,COD去除率可达到81.9%,BOD5的去除率可达73.3%,BOD5/COD从0.26提高到了0.40,有效提高了渗滤液的可生化性.研究表明,混凝-气浮工艺流程达到了较好的预处理效果.     

垃圾渗滤液特性分析及Fenton预处理研究

利用Fenton—混凝沉淀法预处理广西某垃圾焚烧发电厂和垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液,对Fenton试剂以及混凝沉淀进行了单因素分析,分别研究了垃圾渗滤液在不同的n[Fe2+]/n[H2O2]、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、pH值、反应时间、PAC投加量等条件下的处理效果。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液经Fenton—混凝预处理,对COD、色度、SS处理效果好,对NH3—N去除效果不明显;渗滤液的可生化性有所提高,可进行后续生化处理。     

脉冲电晕自由基簇射技术用于垃圾渗滤液预处理研究

低温等离子体技术是一种全新、高效、低能耗处理难降解有机废水的技术。采用自由基簇射与等离子体液面放电相结合的方式用于垃圾渗滤液预处理,能较好地提高活性自由基的利用率,降低能耗,增强垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,达到了预期的水质适应性强、处理效果稳定的高级氧化预处理效果,为渗滤液的后续处理奠定了良好的基础。     

石灰水预处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

采用饱和澄清石灰水对成都长安垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究.通过平行实验对饱和澄清石灰水的用量和条件进行优化和筛选.实验结果表明,当pH值在9左右,饱和澄清石灰水投加量约3%时,对垃圾渗滤液CODCr、氨氮和重金属离子去除效果最佳.     

化学沉淀/Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

先采用氧化镁和磷酸在碱性条件下与渗滤液中的NH3-N发生化学反应,生成六水磷酸铵镁(MgNH4PO4·6H2O)沉淀物,对渗滤液进行预处理.实验表明:在pH为9.5、药物投加比NH4 ∶Mg2 ∶PO43-为1∶1.3∶1的条件下,渗滤液中NH3-N的去除率达到76.7%,COD去除率为40.7%.最后对预处理出水用Fenton试剂进行氧化处理,实验结果表明:在pH为3、氧化时间为210 min、药剂投加量FeSO4·7H2O为0.04 mol、 H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比例为4∶1时, COD 的去除率达93.81%.     

垃圾渗滤液深度处理试验研究

试验所在的垃圾渗滤液处理厂采用预处理+厌氧+好氧组合工艺将垃圾渗滤液处理到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-1997)三级排放标准。为了适应《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)新标准,在原工艺基础上设计增加膜生物反应器+纳滤的处理工艺。为了验证此工艺的合理性和科学性,进行渗滤液深度处理试验工作。试验结果表明,该工艺处理垃圾渗滤液方案可行,出水效果可达新标准排放。     

PFS改性硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

硅藻土加入PFS液体后制备成改性硅藻土,用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理。结果表明,每100g硅藻土投加8mLPFS制备的改性硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液效果最好,当投加量为3g/L时,COD的去除率可达45%,并可提高渗滤液的可生化性,同时对色度、氨氮和重金属都有一定的去除效果,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

絮凝法预处理高浓度垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

在用絮凝法对CODCr高达19 200～22 500 mg·L-1的垃圾渗滤液进行预处理当中,以垃圾渗滤液的CODCr去除率为考察指标,通过不同混凝剂对CODCr去除效果的比较,确定了最佳混凝剂.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳混凝剂用量以及最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,采用自制聚合氯化铁絮凝剂在投药比为1 000:3,pH值为10.5左右,搅拌时间为5.0 min,沉降时间为20 min时,能够使垃圾渗滤液的CODCr去除率达到64%以上,减轻了下一步生物处理的负荷.     

外置浸没式超滤膜处理垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液

结合外置浸没式超滤膜处理垃圾渗滤液的中试试验,对垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液SBR出水进行处理,主要研究结果如下:外置浸没式超滤膜(膜孔径0.1μm)对COD_(Cr)去除率为36.86%,出水SDI为1.87~3.69,可以作为纳滤预处理工艺使用,选取10 L/(m~2·h)的运行通量较为合理。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失，提高滑坡预测的准确性，通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据，在获得多组模拟实验数据后，分析各变量的特性。首先，通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP)算法，对滑坡进行危险度划分；然后，通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine，SVM)建立模型，遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数，提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据，通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好，实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合，与单一SVM相比，精度更高，结果更好，更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.