RESt3／NiDBC可环境消纳聚乙烯地膜研锒及NiDBC晶体结构表征

以硬脂酸共生稀土（RESt3）和二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍（NiDBC）为复合光敏剂研制可环境消纳聚乙烯（PE）地膜，采用X-射线单晶衍射仪表征了NiDBC晶体结构，对其光敏调节机理作了初步探讨。将研制的PE地膜进行人工加速老化实验、户外曝晒实验及自然环境土壤填埋试验，以断裂伸长率保留率（F）和羰基指数（CI）作为评价PE地膜的光降解性能指标。结果表明：改变RESt3／NiDBC的用量能生产出不同光降解诱导期的PE地膜，可实现PE地膜降解的可控性；将经生物活性剂表面处理过的白云石粉，N、P、K肥料和RESt3／NiDBC复合光敏剂按一定比例添加到PE地膜中，既能有效提高其降解的彻底性，又可适当改良酸性土壤。     

RESt3/NiDBC可环境消纳聚乙烯地膜研制及NiDBC晶体结构表征

以硬脂酸共生稀土(RESt₃)和二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍(NiDBC)为复合光敏剂研制可环境消纳聚乙烯(PE)地膜，采用X-射线单晶衍射仪表征了NiDBC晶体结构，对其光敏调节机理作了初步探讨。将研制的PE地膜进行人工加速老化实验、户外曝晒实验及自然环境土壤填埋试验，以断裂伸长率保留率（F）和羰基指数（CI）作为评价PE地膜的光降解性能指标。结果表明：改变RESt₃/NiDBC的用量能生产出不同光降解诱导期的PE地膜，可实现PE地膜降解的可控性；将经生物活性剂表面处理过的白云石粉，N、P、K肥料和RESt₃/NiDBC复合光敏剂按一定比例添加到PE地膜中，既能有效提高其降解的彻底性，又可适当改良酸性土壤。     

含滑石粉的环保型聚乙烯包装材料的可环境消纳性能研究

借助人工加速老化、自然土壤填埋等实验方法，采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重—红外联用仪(TG—IR)等测试方法，对所研制的含滑石粉的环保型聚乙烯(PE)塑料包装材料的可环境消纳性能进行探讨。实验结果表明，以PE为主材料，添加不易分解的滑石粉、生物活性剂、FeSt3-MnSt2复合光敏剂，研制出的高填充可降解的PE塑料薄膜，具有良好的光—生物降解性能，且可适用于焚烧处理。     

含滑石粉的环保型聚乙烯包装材料的可环境消纳性能研究

借助人工加速老化、自然土壤填埋等实验方法 ,采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜 (SEM)、热重 -红外联用仪 (TG IR)等测试方法 ,对所研制的含滑石粉的环保型聚乙烯 (PE)塑料包装材料的可环境消纳性能进行探讨。实验结果表明 ,以PE为主材料 ,添加不易分解的滑石粉、生物活性剂、FeSt3 MnSt2 复合光敏剂 ,研制出的高填充可降解的PE塑料薄膜 ,具有良好的光 -生物降解性能 ,且可适用于焚烧处理。     

光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的研究

采用光催化-臭氧氧化技术(催化膜/UV/O3)降解H酸.研究结果表明,光催化与臭氧氧化相结合具有明显的协同作用.实验进一步讨论了臭氧投加量、废水初始pH值和H酸初始浓度对光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的影响.降解后的H酸,萘环结构被破坏,可生化性提高.     

一体式光催化－膜分离三相流化床反应器膜污染特性

通过利用颗粒状 TiO2催化剂(平均粒径0.258/μm)对酸性红 B 模拟废水的催化降解实验,对一体式光催化氧化-膜分离三相流化床反应器的膜污染特性进行了研究.结果表明,TiO2是造成膜污染的主要污染物,且 TiO2浓度愈大,膜污染愈严重;本实验体系TiO2的适宜浓度为 2g/L.反应区曝气量在 3.6m3/h 时膜污染最小;膜组件底部曝气装置可大大减轻膜污染,且其曝气量以 0.6 m3/h 为宜.表面冲洗、气体反冲洗和碱洗均可有效地清除膜表面和膜孔内的污染物,使膜通量恢复至90%以上;"表面冲洗 碱洗"和"表面冲洗 碱洗 气体反冲"可进一步提高膜通量的恢复,但不十分明显.     

BAP/O3复合氧化体系对SMP的降解性能

研究了碳酸氢钠活化过氧化氢法(BAP)、芬顿高级氧化技术(Fenton)、臭氧氧化技术(O₃)及其复合工艺对三磺钻井液中的主要成分磺化酚醛树脂(SMP)的降解效能。遴选出BAP/O₃复合体系作为降解磺化酚醛树脂的最佳工艺,并探究了复合氧化相互作用机理。结果表明,复合配方去除SMP效果优劣顺序为(BAP/O₃)>(BAP/Fenton/O₃)>(BAP/Fenton)>(Fenton/O₃);除BAP和Fenton分段复合取得更佳效果外,其他3种复合配方均在同时添加时取得更佳的降解效果;BAP/O₃复合对SMP取得了最佳的降解和矿化作用,最大SMP去除率为95.92%。淬灭剂实验表明,BAP/O₃复合氧化体系中的主要活性氧化剂为碳酸根自由基(·CO₃^-)、超氧自由基(O₂^-·)和羟基自由基(·OH),其中·CO₃     

聚乙烯/CaO复合材料在堆肥条件下的降解性能初探

以光钙型环境友好塑料——聚乙烯(PE)/CaO复合材料作为研究对象,通过自制的污泥堆肥与材料老化综合反应器,利用扫描电镜(SEM)与傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析仪对比研究了其在高温好氧堆肥条件下的降解情况。结果表明,PE/CaO复合材料在受控高温好氧堆肥条件下,具有比纯PE材料更优的可堆肥性能。PE/CaO复合材料的CaO颗粒能吸收堆肥环境中的H2O和CO2而生成相应的产物Ca(OH)2或CaCO3,发生涨大与脱落,从而使复合材料的表面产生孔洞,而这些孔洞不仅增大了材料与环境的接触面积,同时更为降解细菌进入材料内部提供了通道,大大加速了材料的降解速度。     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土光催化降解废水中二甲胺

通过凝胶-溶胶法制备纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合催化剂,对常见工业难降解有机污染物二甲胺(DMA)进行了降解实验.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射技术对催化剂能进行了表征,考察了废水初始浓度、pH、催化剂用量、外加氧化剂对DMA光催化降解效果的影响,进行了降解动力学和降解机理的分析.结果表明,所制催化剂为锐钛矿和金红石混合晶型,均达纳米级,对中低浓度(≤400 mg/L)DMA废水具有良好的降解效果.常温常压、18W紫外汞灯下,3 g/L TiO2/硅藻土对DMA废水(400 mg/L)降解率可达70％以上;其降解反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型;其可能的降解途径为:二甲胺(DMA)→甲胺(MA)→CO2/CO32-、H2O和NH4+.     

易回收Co_3O_4/氧化石墨烯/氧化纤维素的制备及其对染料降解的研究

针对Co_3O_4/氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米复合催化剂粒径小、不易回收的问题,通过溶液共混法将Co_3O_4/GO与氧化纤维素(TOCNs)复合,制备出粒径约为5mm的新型复合催化剂Co_3O_4/GO/TOCNs。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对其进行表征,并催化单过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解酸性橙Ⅱ。实验结果表明:Co_3O_4/GO/TOCNs的催化性能与Co_3O_4/GO一致且可自沉淀回收,稳定性良好,循环使用过程中Co溶出质量浓度均保持在0.1mg/L以下;当酸性橙Ⅱ初始摩尔浓度为0.2mmol/L,PMS投加量为2.00mmol/L,Co_3O_4/GO/TOCNs投加量为0.50g/L,温度为25℃,pH=7时,酸性橙Ⅱ可在6min内完全降解。     

Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin

An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water.     

焦化废水中细菌质粒的研究

细菌质粒中常带有一些可编码降解特殊有毒物质酶的基因,为了研究质粒对有毒物质CN^-的降解的意义,主要调查了焦化废水中好氧异养菌的质粒分布特点。从山西省焦化企业公司生化站、太原煤气公司焦化厂生化站中筛选出53株细菌,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,采用GDS-8000型凝胶电泳分析仪进行拍照,同时测定各菌株降氰、降酚能力,CN^-采用异烟酸-毗唑啉酮法,酚采用4-氨基安替比林法测定。结果表明,质粒的存在与降氰力有一定的关系,但对降酚力的影响差异不显著。同时,通过对其中11^*号菌株进行了质粒转化和消除实验,证明质粒稳定,不可用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)消除掉,用E．cbli DHI作受体菌,用11^#菌株作供体菌。作转化实验,但由于种种原因,没有筛洗到转化子。     

Managing the relationship with the environment

This article describes the results of a survey carried out by the author's company on behalf of Rank Xerox. The objective was to assess attitudes towards environmental issues in both the public and private sector. Although there were some differences over priorities, both sectors agreed that development of environmental policies was essential to their future.     

水处理中含铁废料综合利用的研究进展

回顾了２０余年来我国在水处理中综合利用含铁废料的研究进展，分别评述了副产品硫酸亚铁制备絮凝剂ＰＦＳ的各种方法，废铁屑运用于内电解法水处理和其他含铁泥渣，废酸在水处理中的研究和应用现状，指出含铁废料综合利用中有待于进一步研究的若干问题。     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

Attempts to probe the ozone layer and the ultraviolet-B levels of the past

To get a proper perspective on the current status of atmospheric ozone, which protects the biosphere from ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation, it would be of value to know how ozone and UV-B radiation have varied in the past. The record of worldwide ozone monitoring goes back only a few decades, and the record of reliable UV-B measurements is even shorter. Here we review indirect methods to assess their status further back in time. These include variations in the Sun's emission and how these affect the atmosphere, changes in the Earth's orbit, geologic imprints of atmospheric ozone, effects of catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions, biological proxies of UV-B radiation, the spectral signature of terrestrial ozone in old recordings of star spectra, and the modeling of UV-B irradiance from ozone data and meteorological recordings. Although reliable reconstructions do not yet extend far into the past, there is some hope for future progress.     

Effect of the pesticide lindane on the biomass of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata

This study assesses the growth of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata in the presence of lindane and the ability of N. oculata to remove lindane from media. Algal biomass increased with 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 of lindane, and lindane concentrations in the media decreased. N. oculata removed 73% and 68.2% of lindane in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 media concentrations, respectively. Algal biomass decreased to the level of the control at lindane concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L^?1, probably due to toxicity. N. oculata removed lindane from the media at concentrations lower than 1.0 mg L^?1. Thus, N. oculata may be useful for lindane bioremediation in contaminated aquatic systems.