巢湖溶解性有机物时空分布规律及其影响因素

为研究巢湖溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的时空分布规律及其影响因素,于2013年4月至2014年4月每月在巢湖3个不同湖区17个点位采集表层水样,测定了水体溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和溶解性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)浓度.结果表明,东部、中部和西部这3个湖区DON浓度具有显著差异(P0.01,n=13),这可能与西湖区入湖河流的外源输入以及DON的可利用性有关.水华期间,水体总氮总磷比、总溶解性氮磷比以及溶解性无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)与溶解性活性磷(soluble reactive phosphorus,SRP)比值迅速降低,其中西湖区DIN/SRP在2013年8月降至5±7,表明水体出现氮限制.此外,DON浓度迅速降低,西部湖区叶绿素浓度与DON显著负相关(r=-0.265,P0.05,n=91),表明在氮限制条件下,DON具有一定生物可利用性.DOC浓度不存在显著空间差异,水温是控制这3个湖区DOC浓度变化的重要因素.东部和中部湖区DOC浓度还受叶绿素和硝态氮浓度的影响.此外,巢湖DOC/DON变幅较大,由于含氮化合物更易降解,因此DON是影响碳氮比值的主导因子,是表征DOM可利用性的重要组分.     

纳滤预处理测定景观水体中溶解性有机氮质量浓度及其分布特征

为了提高景观水体中DON测定的精确性,研究了纳滤(NF90、NF270)预处理前后水样中DON测定的变化,探讨了NF90、NF270对DIN的去除效果.结果表明,NF90和NF270预处理对NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N的平均去除率分别为30.7%、55.9%、50.0%、73.1%、42.9%、72.0%,NF270对DIN的去除效果更好.常规方法测定DON的质量浓度范围为0.09～0.46 mg·L-1,采样点2处出现负值(-0.08 mg·L-1),DIN/TDN比率范围为85.3%～105%;NF90预处理测定DON的质量浓度范围为0.03～0.58 mg·L-1,DIN/TDN比率范围为76.1%～90.6%;NF270预处理测定DON的质量浓度范围为0.10～0.59 mg·L-1,DIN/TDN比率范围为47.5%～84.5%.这说明NF预处理能够有效去除水样中DIN,减少DON测定的标准偏差,增加了测定的精度.奥林匹克森林公园水体中DON分布的研究表明,水体DON呈现显著的季节性差异,并且南北园区也存在明显差异.北园11月、3月、5月DON较低,小于0.2 mg·L-1,7月质量浓度较高,南园5月DON较低,11月和3月较高,在0.40～0.65 mg·L-1之间.     

滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献

为给进一步实施滇池入湖污染控制及小流域污染治理提供依据,以滇池环湖28条河流入湖水量及水体中不同形态氮的质量浓度逐月调查数据为基础,研究了滇池河流不同形态氮的入湖浓度(ρ)和入湖负荷的时空变化,并探讨了不同形态氮的入湖负荷贡献. 结果表明:①滇池河流入湖ρ(TN)在2.91～94.01 mg/L之间,以ρ(DIN)(DIN为溶解性无机氮)最高,而ρ(DON)(DON为溶解性有机氮)和ρ(PN)(PN为颗粒态氮)均较低. ②滇池河流氮入湖负荷总量为6 908.47 t/a,绝大多数河流以DIN负荷为主,平均贡献为67.15%;DON和PN入湖负荷贡献相近,平均分别为17.86%和14.99%. ③不同形态氮入湖负荷贡献的季节性差异明显,DIN入湖负荷较高值出现在春夏季(3—9月),平均贡献达74.01%;DON入湖负荷较高值则出现在秋冬季(9月—翌年1月),平均贡献达33.42%;PN入湖负荷贡献月份变化差异较小,最高值出现在2月,贡献为40.19%. ④滇池河流氮入湖负荷不仅要考虑DIN的贡献,也应重视DON和PN负荷,控制滇池河流氮入湖负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态氮负荷组成及其季节性差异,有针对性地采取相应措施.      

山口湖沉积物中溶解性有机氮的分布特征

以东北典型山地湖泊山口湖为研究对象,研究了沉积物中溶解性有机氮(DON)和氨基酸的浓度及分布特征。结果表明,山口湖沉积物DON浓度为124.41~560.17 mg/kg,平均值为304.78 mg/kg,占沉积物溶解性总氮(TDN)的45.25%,占沉积物总氮(TN)的5.27%;氨基酸浓度为9.21~18.53 mg/kg,平均值为12.19 mg/kg,占DON、TDN、TN的比例分别为4.35%、1.91%和0.22%。沉积物DON分子量分级结果表明,DON和SUV254分子量分布主要是小分子量(1 ku)为主;而大分子量(30 ku)的DOC占主要部分。下游2号采样点沉积物在分子量1 ku时DOC/DON处于中等水平,这部分有机质既有内源释放也有外源输入,而分子量30 ku的DOC/DON较高,说明这部分有机质主要来自外源;上游8号、13号采样点,分子量1ku和30 ku的DOC/DON很小,说明其有机质主要来自内源。     

长江大通站溶解有机氮生物可利用性潜力及输入通量

根据2012~2013年度隔月对长江大通站的6次调查,分析了长江水体中溶解态总氮(TDN)的构成,包括溶解无机氮(DIN)及溶解有机氮(DON)中的尿素、自由态氨基酸(DFAA)、结合态氨基酸(DCAA)的构成和丰度,并评价了DON的生物利用性潜力,估算了不同形态氮的输入通量.结果表明,受稀释作用和悬浮颗粒物吸附影响,长江水体中DON浓度呈现出春冬季高、夏秋季低的变化特征,平均浓度为(33.28±21.35)μmol/L,占TDN比例平均为20.05%±13.53%;DON中组分尿素、DFAA和DCAA占DON的氮摩尔占比分别为21.94%±19.89%、0.84%±0.52%、3.68%±2.61%.其中,尿素浓度受季节性施肥灌溉影响,与径流量呈现出明显的正相关.总溶解态氨基酸(TDAA)占溶解有机碳(DOC)的碳摩尔分数和氨基酸降解指数均表明长江水体中DON具有较高的生物可利用性,且呈现出春夏季高、秋冬季低的变化趋势.DON的年输入通量为42.04万t,约占TDN年输入通量的17%.其中,具有高生物可利用性的尿素、DFAA、DCAA分别占DON年通量的15.50%、0.64%、2.80%.上述结果表明,长江输入的DON具有相当高的生物可利用性,对长江口及其邻近海域富营养化的贡献不可忽视.     

深圳湾及邻近沿岸水域总溶解氮的分布、组成和来源及氮形态的转化

依据2000—2011年每月1次的调查资料,简要描述和讨论了深圳湾及邻近沿岸水域中总溶解氮(TDN)质量浓度的时空分布,并结合现场盐度、总凯氏氮、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮实测数据探讨TDN的组成和来源,以及溶解无机氮(DIN)和溶解有机氮(DON)之间的转化.结果表明,深圳湾和伶仃洋东部沿岸的TDN质量浓度分别为(2.870±2.150)mg·L-1和(0.679±0.405)mg·L-1.在深圳湾,由于受到周边陆源排放的影响,TDN质量浓度在丰水期较低,枯水期较高.在伶仃洋东部沿岸,由于受到珠江径流量的制约,TDN质量浓度呈明显的年周期循环特征,6月达到最高,为1.103 mg·L-1左右,而12月最低,为0.420 mg·L-1左右.12年研究期间,伶仃洋东部沿岸TDN质量浓度的年际变化略呈上升趋势,从0.560 mg·L-1上升至0.702 mg·L-1;深圳湾TDN质量浓度在2000—2004年呈上升趋势,从2.140 mg·L-1上升至3.577 mg·L-1,2005—2011年则呈下降趋势,从3.266 mg·L-1下降至2.280 mg·L-1.研究海区中的TDN具有"保守性",主要来自陆源排放.依二元混合质量平衡模式估算的伶仃洋东部沿岸TDN的陆源质量分数约为68.5%,而深圳湾的均大于87.0%.DIN是TDN的主要赋存形态.在氮从河口向海迁移期间,复杂的生物地球化学过程使DIN转化为DON的速率大于DON转化为DIN的速率.     

高寒湿地水体溶解性碳氮磷对水位变化的响应

以地处青藏高原东缘的若尔盖高寒湿地为研究对象,采用"中型试验生态系"进行水位调控,研究不同水位处理(WN,恒定水位;WD,波动水位)对水体中溶解性有机碳(DOC)、溶解性有机氮(DON)以及溶解态磷(DTP)的影响。结果表明:(1)高寒湿地水体中的DOC与水位下降深度间存在显著正相关关系,水位下降降低了水体DOC含量,DOC的含量从WN处理的23.27 mg/L下降到WD处理的14.87 mg/L;(2)高寒湿地水体中总可溶性氮(TDN)和DON受水位变化影响显著,二者与水位下降深度有显著指数相关关系,TDN和DON均随水位下降深度的增加而增加;(3)若尔盖高寒湿地水体中磷素含量低,平均仅为0.02 mg/L,DTP与水位变化没有显著相关性,表明磷素含量不易受到水位变化的影响。     

环胶州湾污水处理厂排放口溶解有机氮生物可利用潜力研究

溶解有机氮(DON)是陆源输入近海总溶解氮(TDN)的重要组成部分,其生物可利用性对探讨近海氮污染和富营养化形成机制具有重要意义.本研究根据2012年7月、2012年11月、2013年3月和2013年5月在胶州湾海域4个污水处理厂进行的4次调查,分析了直排胶州湾污水处理厂水体中总溶解氮(TDN)及其中总溶解氨基酸(TDAA)的含量和季节分布特征,并以溶解有机碳n(DOC)/溶解有机氮n(DON)和氨基酸的构成和丰度为指标,评价了直排胶州湾各污水处理厂排放口DON的生物可利用性.结果表明,TDN的变化范围为413.10~3 580.65μmol·L~(-1),并基本呈现3月和11月高,5月和7月低的变化趋势,其中,DON在TDN中所占摩尔分数变化范围为2.14%~88.75%.各污水处理厂排放口不同季节DOC/DON值较低,介于0.2~26.2 mol·mol~(-1)之间,平均值为(5.05±6.39)mol·mol~(-1),而TDAA中所含碳在DOC中的摩尔分数即TDAA/DOC值较高,分布在0.33%~3.02%之间,平均值为1.54%±0.78%,基于TDAA/DOC估算排入胶州湾各污水处理厂排放口污水中具有生物可利用溶解有机质所占摩尔分数为0.44%~46.97%.上述结果表明,直排胶州湾污水处理厂排放口DON具有较高的生物可利用性,对该海域富营养化贡献不容忽视.     

南苕溪流域水体溶解性有机碳、氮时空变化及驱动机制

以太湖流域上游重要支流南苕溪流域河流水体为研究对象,于2019年7月—2021年5月持续监测河流溶解性有机碳(DOC)和有机氮(DON)浓度,探讨DOC和DON浓度的时空变化特征并揭示相关驱动机制.结果表明：研究期间该流域内水体DOC和DON浓度均值分别为(2.57±0.09)和(0.40±0.01) mg·L^-1,DOC/DON均值为9.43±0.46.流域内水体DOC和DON浓度均在夏季最高,DOC/DON值在春季和秋季显著高于夏季和冬季;DOC浓度与叶绿素a(Chl-a)和氮素浓度均呈正相关,DON浓度与颗粒态氮(PN)浓度呈正相关;夏季雨热条件和高氮污染物浓度促使浮游植物具有较高的初级生产力,进而释放更多的DOC和DON,这可能是夏季DOC和DON浓度最高的主要原因.研究期内农业和居民区水体DOC浓度和DOC/DON值均显著高于森林区水体,农业区水体DON浓度显著高于森林和居民区水体;森林区水体DOC以内源途径产生为主且有较高的生物可利用性,而农业和居民区水体中外源DOC所占比例增大,水体DON有更高的生物可利用性;上述空间差异主要受人为活动的影响,农业生...     

污水中溶解性有机氮类化合物的氯化反应特性及其消毒副产物生成潜能

为探讨城市污水厂二级出水中溶解性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)类化合物的氯化消毒副产物生成潜能及其化学结构变化,首先测定DON、溶解性有机炭(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、NH4+-N和UV254等指标以及与氯反应前后DON相对分子质量分布,并采用气相色谱测定消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)质量浓度,最后应用红外光谱和三维荧光光谱对与氯反应前后的水样进行表征.结果表明,城市污水厂二级出水中DON、DOC、UV254和NH4+-N分别为2.47mg·L-1、14.45 mg·L-1、15.88 m-1和5.42 mg·L-1,DOC与DON比值[m(DOC)/m(DON)]为5.85 mg·mg-1,SUVA为1.09L·(m·mg)-1;与氯反应后,小相对分子质量(Mr<6 000)DON所占比例由70%提高到78%,大相对分子质量(Mr>20 000)DON所占比例从21%降到14%,占较小比例的中等相对分子质量(Mr6 000～20 000)DON基本不变;氯化消毒副产物生成潜能中一氯一溴乙腈(BCAN)质量浓度最大为6.887μg·L-1,三氯乙腈(TCAN)质量浓度最小仅为0.217μg·L-1;与氯反应前,水样的红外光谱出现6个主要吸收区域分别在3 500～3 400、2 260～2 200、1 700～1 640、1 500～1 450、1 150～1 100和850～800 cm-1;与氯反应后水样的红外光谱在1 380～1 350 cm-1和600～550 cm-1增加两个吸收区域;三维荧光光谱证实,与氯反应前后水样中变化与3个主要特征峰有关,分别代表色氨酸类蛋白质、芳香族类蛋白质和富里酸类等物质.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.