活性炭吸附-热氮脱附-超重力精馏回收有机溶剂

重点描述了吸附-氮气脱附-超重力精馏工艺流程,指出吸附-氮气脱附-超重力精馏工艺的特点。通过与传统蒸气脱附工艺在回收率、经济效益和能耗等方面的比较,得出活性炭吸附-氮气脱附-超重力精馏在回收水溶性有机物方面的优势。     

德国斯图加特市污水处理厂污泥焚烧工艺

本文介绍了德国HauptklrwerkStuttgart-Mühlhausen污水处理厂的鼓泡式流化床焚烧炉结构及污泥焚烧工艺流程。     

采用空气分级燃烧处理硝基化合物生产废水

介绍了硝基化合物生产过程产生的废水的特点和鼓泡浓缩—焚烧工艺,根据现有焚烧工艺存在的不足和NO_x的生成机理,确定了焚烧系统设计方案和空气分级燃烧方案的主要设计参数。实际工程运行数据表明,采用空气分级燃烧技术,在控制NO_x的排放方面取得了良好的效果。     

软锰矿烟气脱硫资源化工艺研究

在喷射鼓泡反应器中，研究了工艺条件对软锰矿脱硫副产硫酸锰及稀酸两种工艺反应过程的影响。结果表明，在一定条件下，两工艺均能达到较高的脱硫率。搅拌转速是影响软锰矿脱硫反应体系选择性的重要因素。增大固液比，减小空塔气速和进口SO2浓度对提高脱硫率有利，提高搅拌转速起初有利于提高脱硫率，当增加到一定的值时，再增加转速对脱硫率几乎无影响。     

超重力技术新一代反应与分离工业性技术

<正>北京化工大学教育部超重力工程研究中心自20世纪80年代以来一直致力于超重力反应与分离技术的基础理论与应用技术研究。承担过国家自然科学基金、973计划、863计划、十五重大科技攻关计划、国家新材料高技术产业化示范工程项目等多项科研项目和国际合作项目。     

超重力技术新一代反应与分离工业性技术

<正>北京化工大学教育部超重力工程研究中心自20世纪80年代以来一直致力于超重力反应与分离技术的基础理论与应用技术研究。承担过国家自然科学基金、973计划、863计划、十五重大科技攻关计划、国家新材料高技术产业化示范工     

某钢70t Consteel电炉烟气净化系统应用实践

某钢一炼钢厂CONSTEEL电炉采用重力沉降室、余热锅炉、布袋除尘器进行烟气治理，此除尘工艺具有节能、运行成本较低、操作简便等优点，本文主要论述该除尘工艺在某钢的控制应用实践，并对其运行效果进行分析。     

洗毛碳化废水循环处理试验介绍

洗毛碳化废水处理是一项难度较大的科研课题,目前国内外尚无突破性进展。本文介绍从改革洗毛碳化工艺入手,采用多系统综合处理废水的试验结果。实验证明,经除泥渣和提取油脂后的废水,可循环使用至三天,节约了软水、蒸汽、洗剂、助剂,减少了排放量,降低了废水中有机物含量,费用支出略有盈余。最终将废水纳入二级处理系统,力争使废水达到国家排放标准。     

加速腐蚀条件下民用飞机铆接件的腐蚀老化行为与机理研究

研究了某型飞机机身蒙皮铆接件在实验室加速腐蚀条件下的腐蚀失效行为与机理。宏观形貌、微观形貌和电化学阻抗谱的测试结果表明试验件在第6个加速试验周期后,表面涂层颜色变化明显;在第11个周期后,反面铆钉边缘存在涂层剥落和轻微鼓泡现象,试验件平面处和铆钉处涂层电化学阻抗模值均有所减小,但铆钉处的减小幅度相对更大。     

一种适用于低碳(超低碳)高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮工艺的探讨

传统的生物脱氮工艺对于低（超低）COD／NH4^ 条件下废水的脱氮效果很差，甚至没有脱氮效果，因为传统的生物脱氮工艺在反硝化过程中需要大量的电子供体。亚硝酸型硝化和厌氧氨氧化有机结合构成新型的生物脱氮工艺，为低碳（超低碳）高浓度含氮废水提供他一种崭新的生物脱氮工艺。但其间的反应机理，控制条件等都需进一步的研究和探讨。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution on soybean stalk-based carbon

Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] stalk-based carbons were prepared by phosphoric acid activation at different carbonization temperatures. Characteristics of the prepared carbon, including specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption, were determined. Experiments on phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene, as representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), removal from aqueous solution by the prepared carbon were conducted at different levels of carbon addition. The results indicated that the specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption increased with an increase of carbonization temperature. The maximum values were observed at 700°C and were 287.63 m g, 508.99 mg g, and 90.14 mg g, respectively. The removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene tended to increase with increasing carbon amounts and carbonization temperature. The optimal removal performance was obtained under the experimental conditions of carbon concentrations of 0.04 g 32 mL and carbonization temperature of 700°C, and the removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene were 99.89, 100, and 95.64%, respectively. The performance of the prepared carbon was superior to that of commercial activated carbon. Additionally, for the same carbon concentrations, the removal efficiency of PAHs on prepared carbons followed the order: phenanthrene > naphthalene > acenaphthene. Results obtained from this work provide some insight into the reuse of an agricultural residue, and also provide a new application for the treatment of PAHs in contaminated water utilizing activated carbon prepared from agricultural residues.     

稠油罐底泥碳化处理技术研究与应用*

为解决油田生产过程中产生的稠油罐底泥的环境污染和资源浪费问题,在分析含油污泥性质和特点的基础上开发了稠油罐底泥碳化处理工艺及配套装置。介绍了该技术的原理及工艺流程,在小试、中试研究的基础上,进行了工业化应用,稠油罐底泥的处理效果表明:油气回收率可达90%以上,轻质油品占回收油总量的78%以上,焚烧处理后的残渣未检出矿物油;烟气和废水相关项目的监测值符合相关标准。     

汽车内外饰件常用刮擦试验方法及应用

本文阐述了刮擦试验的原理,从试验样品准备、试验条件、试验结果评价等方面分析和总结了刮擦试验的技术要点;对目前主要汽车企业常用的汽车内外饰件刮擦试验方法及其应用作了介绍,并分析了刮擦试验方法的发展趋势。     

蜂窝状活性炭研究

蜂窝状活性炭是一种新型的活性炭。简要介绍了蜂窝状活性炭的结构特性和吸附性能，重点总结了蜂窝状活性炭基催化剂的制备方法及其在催化方面的应用。     

Feasibility of CO₂/SO₂ uptake enhancement of calcined limestone modified with rice husk ash during pressurized carbonation

The calcination/carbonation cycle using calcium-based sorbents appears to be a viable method for carbon dioxide (CO?) capture from combustion gases. Recent attempts to improve the CO?/SO? uptake of a calcium-based sorbent modified by using rice husk ash (RHA) in the hydration process have succeeded in enhancing its effectiveness. The optimal mole ratio of RHA to calcined limestone (M(Si/Ca)) was adjusted to 0.2. The cyclic CO? capture characteristics and the SO? uptake activity of the modified sorbent were evaluated in a calcination/pressurized carbonation reactor system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the sorbent were also taken to supplement the study. The results showed that the carbonation conversion was greatly increased for the sorbent with M(Si/Ca) ratio of 0.2. For this sorbent formulation the optimal operating conditions were 700-750 °C and 0.5-0.7 MPa. CO? absorption was not proportional to CO? concentration in the carbonation atmosphere, but was directly related to reaction time. The CO? uptake decreased in the presence of SO?. SO? uptake increased, and the total calcium utilization was maintained over multiple cycles. Analysis has shown that the silicate component is evenly or well distributed, and this serves as a framework to prevent sintering, thus preserving the available microstructure for reaction. The sorbent also displayed high activity to SO? absorption and could be used to capture CO? and SO? simultaneously.     

三维电极法处理废水的研究进展

传统二维电极面体比小、电流效率低、能耗高等不足而制约了其降解废水的实际应用。三维电极相对于二维电极来说,具有面体比大、离子间距小、传质效果好等优势,因而在降解废水中得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了三维电极的分类、制备方法和载体种类,并对三维电极电催化废水的研究进行了简单的综述。阐述了三维电极在处理废水中的电化学催化机理,同时对三维电极所面临的急需解决的问题和发展趋势作了简要的分析。     

A natural analogue for CO2 mineral sequestration in Miocene basalt in the Kuanhsi-Chutung area, Northwestern Taiwan

In general, CO₂ sequestration by carbonation is estimated by laboratory experimentation and geochemical simulation. In this study, however, estimation is based on a natural analogue study of the Miocene basalt in the Kuanhsi-Chutung area, Northwestern Taiwan. This region has great potential in terms of geological and geochemical environments for CO₂ sequestration. Outcropping Miocene basalt in the study area shows extensive serpentinization and carbonation. The carbon stable isotopes of carbonates lie on the depleted side of the Lohmann meteoric calcite line, which demonstrates that the carbonates most probably precipitate directly from meteoric fluid, and water–rock interaction is less involved in the carbonation process. Oxygen stable isotope examinations also show much depleted ratios, representative of product formation under low temperatures (∼50–90 °C). This translates to a depth of 1–2 km, which is a practical depth for a CO₂ sequestration reservoir. According to petrographic observation and electron microprobe analysis, the diopside grains in the basalt are resistant to serpentinization and carbonation; therefore, the fluid causing alteration is likely enriched with calcium and there must be additional sources of calcium for carbon mineralization. These derived geochemical properties of the fluid support the late Miocene sandstone and enclosed basalts as having high potential for being a CO₂ sequestration reservoir. Moreover, the existing geochemical environments allow for mineralogical assemblages of ultramafic xenoliths, indicating that forsterite, orthopyroxene and feldspar minerals are readily replaced by carbonates. Based on the mineral transformation in xenoliths, the capacity of CO₂ mineral sequestration of the Miocene basalt is semi-quantitatively estimated at 94.15 kg CO₂ chemically trapped per 1 m³ basalt. With this value, total CO₂ sequestration capacity can be evaluated by a geophysical survey of the amount of viable Miocene basalt at the potential sites. Such a survey is required in the near future.     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

Cell preparation methods influence Escherichia coli D21g surface chemistry and transport in saturated sand

The effect of cell preparation methods on the surface chemistry and retention of Escherichia coli D21 g was investigated over a range of ionic strength conditions. The cell preparation methods that were considered included filtration and centrifugation (at various speeds and for different durations). For a given ionic strength condition, it was found that cells prepared by filtration were more negatively charged and hydrophobic than cells prepared by centrifugation. Increasing the centrifugation speed (force imposed) or duration produced cells with a higher zeta potential (less negative) and a lower hydrophobicity. Column transport experiments for E. coli D21 g were also conducted with ultra pure quartz sand and the same solution chemistries. The first-order retention rate coefficient for E. coli D21 g increased with increasing speed and duration of centrifugation, and was lowest in the case of filtered cells. Moreover, the influence of cell preparation method was more pronounced in lower ionic strength solutions.     

生物质能发展现状及前景分析

生物质能源作为惟一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源，随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注，其替代化石能源利用的研究和开发，已成为科学研究和社会关注的热点。本文对生物质能的资源分类和利用方式进行了分析和研究，提出了生物质能在中国的发展现状、存在的瓶颈以及前景和方向。