燃气管网定量风险分析方法综述

以城市燃气管网的风险为研究对象,分析并提出一种可用于城市燃气管网定量风险分析的新思路,包含了不同事故后果及其物理模型的分析即事故可能性分析、后果分析和风险评价,分为失效事故假定、泄漏率计算、物理效应计算、致死率计算、风险值计算、风险评价等环节;整理、研究城市燃气管网定量风险分析所涉及的多种物理模型,并通过比较不同模型的特点,分析各个模型的不足之处;最后针对国内外研究现状及燃气管网风险的特点,指出研究发展方向:研究风险在燃气管网内的传播,提出燃气管网相继失效的风险分析方法。所提出的分析思路、计算方法可与工程应用相结合。     

基于SAFETI软件的天然气储配厂罐区定量风险分析

为了评估城市燃气设施的风险、提高周边居民区的安全水平、保障城市燃气的正常安全生产,通过DNV公司的SAFETI软件对于某储配厂的天然气罐区进行了泄漏后果的模拟和定量风险分析,得出了罐区天然气泄漏产生的爆炸和火灾的事故后果,及该储配厂的个人风险和社会风险水平。提出了防止和减轻事故危害的措施,并为储配厂的风险防控和应急准备提供了科学依据。结果表明即使城市燃气设施建设运营符合国家的各项标准,在发生大孔泄漏时依然可能对周边环境造成影响。     

基于贝叶斯网络的城市地下燃气管网动态风险分析

为研究城市燃气管网风险的动态性,针对传统风险分析方法的局限性,提出基于贝叶斯网络的燃气管网动态风险分析方法。构建燃气管网失效蝴蝶结模型并将其转化为贝叶斯网络模型;在事故发生状态下更新事件失效概率,识别出关键因素;根据异常事件数据和贝叶斯理论,对基本事件失效概率进行实时动态改变;随之更新管网失效及各后果发生的概率,从而实现管网的动态风险分析。研究结果表明:该方法克服了传统风险分析方法的不足,可动态反映燃气管网失效和事故后果发生概率随时间变化的特征,能够为城市地下燃气管网的风险分析与事故预防提供参考。     

地震引发城市燃气管线事故的定量风险评价

为了对地震作为诱发事件导致燃气管线的风险进行量化,提出了地震引发城市燃气管线事故的定量风险评价程序,基于离散化的地震PGA值和地震预期重现时间给出可能的损坏概率和参考事故场景,并进行事故场景的后果评价,最终实现燃气管线个人风险和社会风险的表征.此外,基于Matlab编写了适用于该风险评价程序的GUI程序,结合淮南市城市次高压燃气管线的具体实例,实现了风险表征并研究了地震参数变化对风险变化的影响.     

基于AE的燃气管网事故分析模块设计与实现

随着城市燃气管网的飞速发展,在役燃气管道的安全问题日益突出,针对燃气事故致因及后果,基于ArcGIS网络模型,运用GIS网络拓扑分析、空间数据库等技术,设计利用管网网络模型实现管网事故分析方法,并结合C#+ArcEngine编程技术实现燃气管网事故分析模块,该模块实现爆管分析、燃气泄漏扩散范围分析、最优路径分析、连通性...     

城市天然气管道半定量风险评估方法研究

以实现天然气管道风险评估资源的合理分配，确定天然气管道定量风险评估的重点为目标，改进燃气管道风险评估方法的肯特模型，探求城市天然气管道的半定量风险评估方法；分析了城市埋地天然气管道失效可能性与失效后果的影响因子，并研究其评分标准；分别给出了城市天然气管道失效可能性与失效后果的等级划分标准，并运用半定量风险矩阵进行燃气管道单元的风险初步排序，以确定高风险管道单元；对城市天然气管道进行半定量风险评估，可为识别管道沿线高风险后果区域、风险动态排序、风险预警及制定事故应急预案等提供科学依据和方法指导，具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于改进Bow-tie模型的城镇燃气管网风险分析

燃气管网是城镇中的重大危险源,一旦发生事故,后果多数较为严重。为更清晰地了解事故发生原因、后果,制定预防、减缓措施,笔者提出改进Bow-tie模型对城镇燃气管网进行风险分析。改进Bow-tie模型从人、机、环、管四方面分析事故原因,从人员、财产、环境、社会四方面分析事故后果,将风险识别、风险分析、风险评估、风险控制、风险管理在图中展示,并为燃气管网事故提出预防和减缓措施,降低事故率。结果表明应用改进Bow-tie模型可直观掌握事故全过程动态,清晰了解事故的起因、结果,对分析燃气管网泄漏事故具有重要意义。     

天然气输气管道泄漏事故热辐射危害风险分析

针对天然气输气管道泄漏事故,结合Pasquill-Gifford扩散模型,建立合适的泄漏源模型,考虑天然气泄漏的初始动量和浮力的影响,获得不同位置处的天然气浓度分布.在此基础上,对天然气泄漏事故喷射火焰的热辐射危害进行风险分析,绘制了相应的社会风险曲线图,研究了可能导致的个人风险及社会风险.     

基于GIS天津市燃气管网预警系统的构建研究

基于GIS的原理,结合燃气事故的致因及其后果,对燃气泄漏模型、扩散模型、火灾及爆炸后果模型进行完善和改进,建立了燃气事故预警模型;通过Visual C++编程,借助ARCGIS平台将燃气事故预警模型与天津市燃气管网GIS相结合,构建了基于GIS的天津市燃气管网预警系统。该系统应用结果显示:由燃气事故预警模型计算得出的事故后果,通过GIS地理空间数据库和模型库的链接,实现了燃气泄漏点的可视化预警分析;并根据分析结果启动相应应急预案,实现了事故预警实时分析与应急预案启动的联动功能,为相关决策者提供了可靠决策依据。     

城市天然气管道风险特征与肯特法的改进

根据城市高压天然气管道特点,将适合于城市天然气管道风险分析的肯特评分法加以改进,包括调整评分项目和事故因素权重,使其成为适于城市天然气管道的风险分析法。将改进后的肯特评分法应用于常州21km高压天然气管道的风险评价,得出8个相对高风险管段,其分析结果可作为安全管理人员合理分配维护资源的理论依据。工程应用实例证明:改进后的肯特法具有较强的可行性,是城市高压天然气管道风险评估的有效工具。     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.     

Integrated dynamic risk assessment of buried gas pipeline leakages in urban areas

In urban areas, buried gas pipeline leakages could potentially cause numerous casualties and massive damage. Traditional static analysis and dynamic probability-based quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methods have been widely used in various industries. However, dynamic QRA methods combined with probability and consequence are rarely used to evaluate gas pipelines buried in urban areas. Therefore, an integrated dynamic risk assessment approach was proposed. First, a failure rate calculation of buried gas pipelines was performed, where the corrosion failure rate dependent on time was calculated by integrating the subset simulation method. The relationship between failure probability and failure rate was considered, and a mechanical analysis model considering the corrosion growth model and multiple loads was used. The time-independent failure rates were calculated by the modification factor methods. Next, the overall evolution process from pipeline failures to accidents was proposed, with the accident rates subsequently updated. Then, the consequences of buried gas pipeline accidents corresponding to the accident types in the evolution process were modeled and analyzed. Finally, based on the above research, dynamic calculation and assessment methods for evaluating individual and social risks were established, and an overall application example was provided to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed approach. A reliable and practical theoretical basis and supporting information are provided for the integrity and emergency management of buried gas pipelines in urban areas, considering actual operational conditions.     

An integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network

Natural gas industry is developing rapidly, and its accidents are threatening the urban safety. Risk management through quantitative assessment has become an important way to improve the safety performance of the natural gas supply system. In this paper, an integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network is proposed. This method is composed of the probability assessment of accidents, the analysis of consequences and the evaluation of risk. It is noteworthy that the consequences analyzed here include those of the outside and inside gas pipelines. The analysis of consequences of the outside pipelines focuses on the individual risk and societal risk caused by different accidents, while those of the inside pipelines concerns about the risk of the economic loss because of the pressure re-distribution. Risk of a sample urban gas pipeline network is analyzed to demonstrate the presented method. The results show that this presented integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network can be used in practical application.     

基于IAHP和灾变链式方法的城市油气管道风险诱因与预警研究

城市油气管道穿越城区街道、建筑和居民区等特殊地段,保障其安全运行具有重要意义。为实现城市油气管道风险早期预警,基于城市与野外长输油气管道风险对比分析,识别城市油气管道风险预警指标;建立城市油气管道风险预警指标体系,采用区间层次分析法对预警指标重要度进行定量排序,确定关键预警监测点;并依据灾变链式理论,构建城市油气管道重大事故灾变链式模型,研究管道风险演化过程,发现灾变前兆进行断链减灾。研究结果表明:“腐蚀”及“第三方破坏”占据城市油气管道失效致因比重最大,风险因子“油气管道与市政管道距离”以及“城市工程施工作业”应作为城市油气管道重点监测点。同时,围绕城市油气管道风险预警需致力于孕源断链。     

Dynamic failure probability analysis of urban gas pipeline network

The gas pipeline network is an essential infrastructure for a smart city. It provides a much-needed energy source; however, it poses a significant risk to the community. Effective risk management assists in maintaining the operational safety of the network. The risk management of the network requires reliable dynamic failure probability analysis. This paper proposes a methodology of condition monitoring and dynamic failure probability analysis of urban gas pipeline network. The methodology begins with identifying key design and operational factors responsible for pipeline failure. Subsequently, a causation-based failure model is developed as the Bowtie model. The Bowtie model is transformed into a Bayesian network, which is analyzed using operational data. The key contributory factors of accident causation are monitored. The monitored data is used to analyze the updated failure probability of the network. The gas pipeline network's dynamic failure probability is combined with the potential consequences to assess the risk. The application of the approach is demonstrated in a section of the urban gas pipeline.     

基于三维GIS的油罐区应急管理平台研究与实现

分析油罐区危险特性和事故模式,将三维GIS系统、日常管理、监控预警、应急指挥与辅助决策等功能进行集成,建立基于三维GIS的油罐区一体化应急管理平台。该平台利用数据融合技术,将液位、可燃气体、温度等多参数进行了融合,提高了报警可靠性。同时构建了DEA-BP应急资源配置模型,结合罐区事故类型,实现了罐区重大事故应急资源的优化配置。平台还提供数字化预案和三维应急演练,为油罐区员工提高应急安全技能提供了培训环境。