The Secretariat of Special Committee for Water Jet Technology

ＴｈｅＣＳＳＴＬＰ／ＳＣＷＪＴＳｅｃｒｅｔａｒｉａｔｉｓｉｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ,Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ,ｉｔｓｌｉａｉ－ｓｏｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｉｎＢｅｉｊｉｎｇｉｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＭｉｎｉｎｇａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．Ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ：Ｎｏ．１７３,ＴａｉａｎＲｏａｄ,ＤｏｎｇｙｉｎｇＣｉｔｙ,ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｐ．Ｏ．Ｂｏｘ：ＷａｔｅｒＪｅｔＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ,Ｄｏ…     

DWL6－1．57－AⅡ锅炉烟管裂纹形成原因分析及处理措施

ＤＷＬ６－１．５７－ＡⅡ锅炉烟管裂纹形成原因分析及处理措施马琳（山东菏泽制药厂，山东２７４０００）岳忠（首都经济贸易大学，北京１０００２６）１基本情况我单位使用的ＤＷＬ６－１．５７－ＡⅡ型锅炉１９８９年２月制造，１９８９年１２月购入安装、投入运行。实...     

Function of Basic Fire Research

ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＢａｓｉｃＦｉｒｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＴｏｓｈｉｓｕｋｅＨｉｒａｎｏＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＳｙｓｔｅｍＥｎｇｉｎｅｒｉｎｇ，ＴｈｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｏｋｙｏＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＳｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ，ｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎ...     

中华人民共和国国家标准手持式电动工具的管理、使用、检查和维修安全技术规程

中华人民共和国国家标准手持式电动工具的管理、使用、检查和维修安全技术规程ＵＤＣ６２１．９：６２１－７ＣＢ３７８７－９３Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｓａｆｅｔｙｃｏｄｅｆｏｒｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ，ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ．ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅｏｆ...     

DCB—1型电子称重报警系统

ＤＣＢ—１型电子称重报警系统用’厂起重设备超载报警的ＤＣＢ—１型电子称重报警系统由中国航空工业总公司六一八研究所研制成功。它由张力传感器及其前置放大器组件（主钩、副钩及吊臂各一件）和控制显示器组成。该系统可以保证起重设备的安全运行，以免因超负荷起吊或...     

CAD技术在人－机－环境系统工程中的应用

从以下几个方面介绍了ＣＡＤ技术在人－机－环境系统工程中的应用：ＣＡＤ技术与人－机－环境系统工程的关系；计算机图形技术在人－机－环境系统仿真中的应用；计算机几何建模技术在人－机－环境系统建模中的应用；国内外该领域的软件开发情况。     

CAD技术在人－机－环境系统工程中的应用

从以下几个方面介绍了ＣＡＤ技术在人－机－环境系统工程中的应用：ＣＡＤ技术与人－机－环境系统工程的关系；计算机图形技术在人－机－环境系统仿真中的应用；计算机几何建模技术在人－机－环境系统建模中的应用；国内外该领域的软件开发情况。     

基于遗传算法的前馈神经网络火灾探测

分析了前馈神经网络火灾探测的基本原理;针对ＢＰ算法的缺陷,提出用遗传算法（ＧＡ）和ＢＰ相结合的一种方法,即：ＢＰ－ＧＡ算法;并把ＢＰ－ＧＡ算法用于火灾探测的模拟,结果表明：前馈神经网络是处理火灾信号的良好方法,ＢＰ－ＧＡ算法提高了网络的收剑性。     

《矿山安全法》知识竞赛试题

本次竞赛由国家安全生产监管局主办 ,《当代矿工》杂志社承办 ,《劳动保护》杂志协办 ,具体参赛办法 ,请与《当代矿工》杂志社联系 (０１０-８４６１０４６１)。１ .企业必须贯彻制度 ,改善劳动条件 ,做好劳动保护和环境保护工作 ,做到安全生产和文明生产。（Ａ安全教育Ｂ安全生产Ｃ安全检查）２ . 安排女职工从事矿山井下、国家规定的第四级体力劳动强度和其他禁忌从事的劳动。（Ａ可以Ｂ酌情Ｃ禁止）３ .未成年工是指的劳动者。（Ａ未满１６周岁Ｂ未满１８周岁Ｃ年满１６周岁未满１８周岁）４ .禁止用人单位招用未满周岁的未成年人。（Ａ…     

安全分析与评价决策支持系统

为了提高安全管理的科学性与及时性而开发的“安全分析与评价决策支持系统”（ＳＡＤＳＳ），能积极支持安全管理决策才科学地进行安全分析与安全评价。ＳＡ－ＤＳＳ主要结构有：数据库系统、模型系统、方法系统，知识库系统、推理机、人－机接口部件。在ＳＡ－ＤＳＳ的开发过程中，强调了代码的统一，格式的一致，模块间的相互协调。ＳＡ－ＤＳＳ在逻辑上是可行的，其最终的实现与运行的效果还有待进一步完善。     

Age-related thermal strain in men while wearing radiation protective clothing during short-term exercise in the heat.

The aim of the study was to compare heat strain among different age groups of men in protective clothing during short-term physical work. Eight young (20-29 years), 6 middle-aged (41-55 years), and 6 older (58-65 years) men exercised for 30 min on a cycle ergometer (40% V(O2 max)) in 2 hot environments with a similar WBGT (ca. 26 degrees C): once with minimal clothing without infrared radiation (E1), and once with aluminized protective clothing under infrared radiation (E2). All subjects had sedentary jobs, but only the older subjects were physically active in their leisure-time. Body temperatures, heart rate, sweat rate, and subjective feelings were determined during the tests. Higher thermal strain was observed in E2 than in E1. No age-related differences in thermal strain were observed in either experiment indicating that active older men can tolerate short work periods with protective clothing in the heat as well as younger sedentary men.     

土壤固化剂在尾矿干堆适用性试验研究

为了探究不同类型土壤固化剂在尾矿干堆应用的可行性,选取了有机类（A:环氧树脂E51+环氧树脂固化剂W93与B:环氧树脂E51+环氧树脂固化剂T31）、无机类（C:水玻璃+氯化钙与D:水玻璃+五水硫酸铜+硫酸铝钾）与生物酶类（E:FRT与F:DS）固化剂开展室内试验,对固结后的硬度指标进行测试,并对固化剂的抗高温性能、抗风性能与抗水性能进行试验研究。结果表明:喷洒固化剂的砂模表层会形成一定硬度的壳体;所有固化剂的抗高温效果良好;喷洒了C、D固化剂的砂模在风吹后的质量损失率较其余固化剂的大;B、F的抗水性能在所有固化剂中的效果最好。     

Metallurgical analysis of the ‘cause’ arc beads pattern characteristics under different short-circuit currents

Electric arc beads commonly cause large fire and explosion accidents, especially during the powder process industries. During such fires, the original equipment is often severely burned, rendering electrical fire investigation impossible. Therefore, identifying the beads caused by electrical faults through metallurgical investigation is crucial. This study focused on the ‘cause’ of arc beads and determined their pattern characteristics through metallurgical analysis of copper wires with short-circuit currents of 100, 160, 200, and 240 A. According to microstructure characteristics and metallographic knowledge, bead pattern characteristics were divided into six types: hypereutectic (A), dendritic eutectic (B), chilled layer (C), cellular crystal (D), dendritic (E), and coarse columnar crystal (F). Oxide levels of each category were A (4.5%–7.6%) > C (2.0%–3.8%) > B (1.1%–2.4%) > D (1.0%–2.1%) > E (0.6%–1.9%) > F (0.1%–0.7%). When the short-circuit currents were the same, there were a greater number of small particle beads than large ones. As the current increased, the number of distributed beads with a particle size d < 1 mm decreased, with 1 mm ≤ d < 2 mm increased, and with d ≥ 2 mm were stable. Bead size and distribution had a negative linear correlation at 200 A. When the current increased, the proportion of beads with A and C structures gradually decreased, and those with D structures increased to more than 50%. Oxygen content and arc temperature determined the oxide form. These results are vital for electrical fire investigations and provide theoretical support for fire material evidence extraction and cause identification.     

Evaluation of design alternatives for sewing scissors with respect to hand performance,discomfort and usability

The effects of three re-designed models of sewing scissors on hand performance measures, discomfort and usability were investigated, and the results were compared with those of conventional scissors. Adjustments were made to the scissors handle with emphasis on more neutral wrist postures (bent handle - model A), correction of the thumb's position and movements (model B) and reducing hand/finger discomfort (model C) while working with the tool. The results showed some improvements in hand performance, muscular effort, usability and discomfort with model B compared to the conventional model. Better hand performance and usability and lower discomfort were recorded with model C compared to the conventional model. The results suggest that the correction of the thumb's position and movement (model B) or even reduced hand/finger discomfort (model C) are perhaps more important considerations in scissors design than improved wrist posture (model A) for improving users' performance and usability of the tool.     

颗粒煤的多扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型及扩散参数反演研究

为研究颗粒煤瓦斯解吸规律,基于Fick定律建立了颗粒煤的多扩散系数瓦斯解吸 模型,完成了颗粒煤瓦斯解吸模型的数值试验。引入了非负约束最小二乘法反演算法（ NNLS）,通过试验数据反演得出颗粒煤的扩散参数的B谱,从而确定出颗粒煤瓦斯扩散 系数D的准确范围。研究结果表明:颗粒煤瓦斯解吸符合Fick扩散定律,颗粒煤的多扩 散系数瓦斯解吸模型能很好地解决单一扩散系数模型的扩散系数随时间衰减的问题,准 确反映了颗粒煤瓦斯解吸规律,单一扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型只是多扩散系数瓦斯解吸模 型的一个特例;NNLS是一种有效的反演算法,利用NNLS方法可以准确反演出颗粒煤瓦斯 解吸过程中的扩散参数的B谱,通过B谱可方便计算出颗粒煤的瓦斯扩散系数。     

Trends analysis of fire accidents in the history of China: B.C.221–A.D.1949

In this paper, fire accidents happening from B.C.221 to A.D.1949 in China are analyzed and the changing regularity of high fire occurrence regions (HFOR) is discussed. We have reached some useful conclusions: (1) the changes of HFOR in China follow those of the economic and cultural centers. The more advanced the economy in the province, the more the fire accidents. (2) war is the primary cause for fires in the Chinese history.     

The Effects of Local Cooling on Thermophysiological Response in Participants Wearing Dust-Free Garments

This study was designed to find the effects of two kinds of dust-free garments with (A) and without (B) frozen gel strip (FGS), and half-naked clothing (brassiere and shorts; C) on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperatures as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 140 min in 9 healthy females. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating of thermal, humidity, and comfort sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal and skin temperatures (chest and forehead), heart rate, and sweat rate were clearly lowest in garb C, intermediate in garb A, and highest in garb B throughout the experiment; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing were lower in garb A than in garb B; (c) More than half of the 9 participants decreased thermal sensation by wearing garb A. These results suggest that the usage of FGS could improve the heat load in lightly working participants wearing dust-free garments.     

基于单颗粒质谱技术的石家庄冬春季气溶胶成分特征及混合状态研究

利用位于石家庄市大气梯度监测站(20 m)的单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪分析了冬、春季大气环境中气溶胶的化学组成及混合状态,并采用ART-2a分类法对气溶胶分类。结果表明,石家庄市大气中主要存在8类颗粒物,即元素碳(EC)、有机碳(OC,相对分子质量小于150)、高分子有机碳(HOC,相对分子质量大于150)、混合碳(元素-有机碳混合,ECOC)、重金属、左旋葡聚糖碎片(LEV)、矿物质和富钾颗粒。8类颗粒中绝大部分包含SO_4~-、NO_2~-和NO_3~-等二次离子组分,表明采集到的颗粒物大都经历了不同的老化,或与二次组分进行了不同程度的混合。冬季气溶胶的主要成分是OC(数浓度36.1%),谱图含有C2H+3、C_2H_3O~+、C_5H_3~+、C_6H_5~+等离子,主要来自化石燃料、生物质等燃烧产生的一次排放颗粒,以及由挥发性有机物光化学氧化而成的二次有机颗粒;春季气溶胶的主要成分是EC(数浓度43.6%)和矿物质(数浓度15.4%)。EC中含有一系列单质碳峰,来自化石燃料或木材等生物质不完全燃烧的一次排放;矿物质颗粒中含有Mg~+、Al~+、Ca~+、Fe~+及SiO_3~-,主要来自扬尘。发生灰霾时,冬季OC和ECOC颗粒占比增大,EC颗粒占比减小;春季矿物质和ECOC颗粒占比变大,OC颗粒占比变小。随着灰霾天气发生,冬、春季碳气溶胶与二次无机气溶胶颗粒的混合加剧,而NH_4~+与碳气溶胶的混合加剧最为明显。冬季气溶胶的数浓度与气象因素的相关性高于春季,而低风速、高湿度和低气压易导致灰霾出现。石家庄市春季和冬季气溶胶污染应分别从机动车尾气、扬尘及燃煤、制药企业加以管控。     

防控高温煤岩裂隙的膏体泡沫研制及应用

煤岩裂隙漏风导致的煤自燃火灾严重危害矿井安全生产,在现有防治煤炭自燃材料的基础上,以聚丙烯酰胺（A）、复合表面活性剂（B）、混合粉体（C）为原材料研制了一种防控高温煤岩裂隙的膏体泡沫。采用正交试验法以保水率、发泡倍数、阻化率为指标优选出了最佳的膏体泡沫配方为A4B4C4:A为70 g/L,B为19.5 g/L,C为270 g/L。对膏体泡沫进行了微观形态表征,并从泡孔尺寸大小及分布、液膜颗粒分布、液膜载体吸水等方面对膏体泡沫的保水、吸热和受热稳定机制进行了分析。最后以南方某煤矿复采工作面煤自燃发火为例,分析和判定了302工作面火区分布,采用钻孔压注膏体对火区高温煤岩裂隙进行控制,3d后工作面1-5#钻孔、三石门密闭处CO浓度从520 ppm,465 ppm,523 ppm,305 ppm,289 ppm,750 ppm下降到22 ppm,18 ppm,23 ppm,14 ppm,14 ppm,36 ppm。     

固化剂对矿用充填泡沫固化行为的影响

为提高泡沫的充填堵漏风效果,选取有机强酸A,有机磺酸B,无机强酸C等3种固化剂,通过测定泡沫的发泡时间、发泡温度、承压强度和氧指数等参数,分析不同组合固化剂对矿用充填泡沫固化行为的影响。结果表明:乳化时间、起泡时间和表干时间随固化剂用量的增加而明显缩短;泡沫的发泡倍数和发泡温度随固化剂用量的增加而增加;单独使用有机强酸A或有机磺酸B时,泡沫都存在不同程度的收缩,当添加较高量的无机强酸C时,泡沫的尺寸稳定性变好。当复合固化剂有机强酸A用量∶有机磺酸B用量∶无机强酸C用量=1.2∶1∶1时,泡沫的固化效果最优。