焦炉装煤烟尘治理方案的探讨

焦炉装煤烟尘含有害物质，污染环境，危害人体健康。袋式除尘器的使用，消除了烟尘的污染，但因投资大、运行费用高、操作复杂，难以得到快速、广泛的推广。根据实验结果和已有应用情况，本文推荐了三相流化床除尘装置和颗粒层除尘器，它们可用于焦炉装煤烟尘治理，其投资和运行费用会大大降低。     

某新型炼焦炉烟尘治理装置的工艺设计与应用探讨

某新型炼焦炉烟尘治理装置在焦炉炉顶设导烟车(配套皮带小车),并采用拦焦集尘罩进行高温烟气的收集。在装煤、出焦过程中产生的烟尘、粉尘等污染物经炉顶导烟车转送至烟气输送风管,再经管道输送到地面除尘系统,经净化处理后排放。经实际运行监测,出口烟气浓度符合《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 16171—2012)。     

不同装煤方式和炭化室高度的焦炉周边环境空气总悬浮颗粒物碳组分特征

研究了山西省4座典型焦炉周边环境空气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)碳组分特征,分析了不同装煤方式和炭化室高度对其的影响。结果表明:(1)焦炉周边环境空气中TSP质量浓度为711.95～2 938.41μg/m3,其中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)的质量浓度分别为189.45～595.90、285.38～806.71μg/m3,总碳占TSP的质量分数为44.81%～67.45%;捣固焦炉周边的TSP及其碳组分浓度高于顶装焦炉,炭化室高度越高的焦炉周边环境空气中TSP及其碳组分浓度越低。(2)4座焦炉周边环境空气TSP中OC和EC质量比为0.66～1.04,说明焦炉周边环境空气中碳组分以一次污染为主。(3)4座焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分的分歧系数为0.092～0.490,均小于0.5,总体来说装煤方式和炭化室高度都对焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分的分布有一定影响,特别是装煤方式和炭化室高度都不同的焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分差异较大。     

一种改造小型手烧锅炉的新装置问世——锅炉抽条平推燃烧机通过技术鉴定

小型手烧锅炉烟尘污染严重,热效率低,是当前创建烟尘控制区和节能工作中急待解决的问题。温州市环保技术开发部、温州市烟尘净化设计研究所,利用抽条平推炉排,从结构及通风孔的布设以及炉拱等方面,进行了一系列有效的改进,将小型手烧锅炉的固定炉排,改造为抽条平推燃烧机械进煤炉排,同时配备省煤除尘器。经过了连续十个月的运行考验和检测,达到了安全、高效、节能和环境保护的要求。     

印染废水和抛煤机锅炉烟尘综合治理

印染废水和抛煤机锅炉烟尘是两大污染源.印染废水中较难处理的一是脱色,二是COD的去除.抛煤机锅炉排放烟尘浓度过高,经各种干式除尘器和多个湿式除尘器净化,仍不能达到国家规定的排放标准.本工艺运用烟尘的表面吸附、接触凝聚、气水冲击和气液接触等多种原理,实现了利用锅炉烟尘处理印染废水和利用印染废水净化锅炉烟尘的综合治理目的,经过二年多的工业化运行表明,这种工艺是合理的.也是可行的.     

电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫工艺脱除多污染物的效果研究

为考察电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫的超低排放工艺路线对多污染物的脱除能力,以某燃煤电厂已实施超低排放的660 MW机组配套的电袋复合除尘器和湿法脱硫塔为研究对象,对其进出口烟气中的烟尘、微细烟尘(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_1)、Hg、SO_2、SO_3浓度进行测试,进而通过计算得出电袋复合除尘器及湿法脱硫塔对相应污染物的脱除效率。结果表明:在正常工况条件下,电袋复合除尘器对烟尘及微细烟尘的脱除效率高达99%以上,湿法脱硫对烟尘及微细烟尘的脱除效率均为40%左右;电袋复合除尘器对颗粒Hg的脱除效率达99.72%,对气态Hg的脱除效率为75.58%,湿法脱硫塔对气态Hg的脱除效率为57.24%;电袋复合除尘器对SO3的脱除效率达82.35%,湿法脱硫塔对SO_3的脱除效率为40.00%。电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫的超低排放工艺路线可脱除99%以上的烟尘及微细烟尘,对总Hg的脱除效率为90.11%,对SO_3的脱除效率为89.41%,是一种可行的多污染物减排工艺路线。     

迫降式水浴除尘技术前景

我国是以原煤为主要燃料的国家,大气污染的特征是煤烟型污染。由于经济落后,集中供热率、民用气化率比较低,造成我国的大气污染比较严重。为保护大气环境质量,国家又颁布了新的锅炉烟尘排放标准GB13271—91,对锅炉排放的烟尘浓度作了更严格的规定,并增加了二氧化硫控制指标。因此,开发先进适宜的高效消烟除尘和脱硫技术是防治大气污染的必由之路。目前虽然开发出的除尘器种类繁多,如干     

小型焦炉废气和废水处理方法

焦炉装煤和推焦烟气合用 1套收集系统。除尘废水经吸附后用于熄焦 ,熄焦水经吸附后用于湿式除尘 ,实现循环零排放。煤气洗涤水循环为废水中氨氮的处理提供了可行的方法     

燃煤倒焰窑烟尘污染的治理

燃煤倒焰窑烟尘治理，因其本身结构特点，若单纯采用末端治理，则投资大，治理效果不稳定，在治理上存在一定难度。通过实践，采用炉头增氧，尾部喷淋的治理工艺可以达到好的治理效果，而且投资少，工期短，运行费用低，易于操作。     

YA-Ⅱ型沸腾颗粒层除尘器在冲天炉除尘上的应用

YA-Ⅱ型沸腾颗粒层除尘器,1982年获国家科委三等发明奖。该除尘器的主要优点是:能经济、高效地处理高温(370℃以下)含尘烟气。其次,维护保养简单、方便。除尘后其烟尘排放浓度为45mg/M~3,除尘效率为99.1％。由于这套除尘系统中没有采用烟气冷却设备,故该系统投资较低,占地面积小。     

Control of Coke Oven Emissions by Use of A Closed Pipeline Charging System

The body of information presented in this paper is directed to those individuals concerned with the control of air pollution emissions which occur as a result of the operation of by-product coke plants. It describes a new process which represents a major change in the charging operation wherein preheated coal can be charged to coke ovens via a closed pipeline system thus replacing the conventional larry charging car and thereby eliminating air pollution estimated to be as much as 70% of the total emissions from coke oven operations. Coal is dried and preheated in a continuous fluidized bed process utilizing products of combustion of coke oven gas. The coal is recovered in conventional cyclone collectors and conveyed to the ovens via a new and novel pneumatic conveying system where the gas used is superheated steam. Jet energy repeatedly thrusts the coal upward and forward through the pipe, obtaining a high efficiency of transport of solids ten times that of conventional systems. Major advantages of the process demonstrated to date include (1) elimination of emissions from charging, (2) reduction of emission from pushing, (3) improved battery top working conditions, (4) increased oven productivity as much as 45%.     

应用气箱脉冲袋除尘器净化铝电解含氟烟气的实践与研究

介绍了改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器在铝电解烟气净化工程上的成功应用，实践结果表明，在保证净化效果的前提下，采用改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器作为净化设备，可使其一次投资、能耗、年维修费与其他型式布袋除尘器相比均有所降低，为铝电解烟气净化工程扩大了除尘器的选择范围。     

应用气箱脉冲袋除尘器净化铝电解含氟烟气的实践与研究

介绍了改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器在铝电解烟气净化工程上的成功应用,实践结果表明,在保证净化效果的前提下,采用改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器作为净化设备,可使其一次投资、能耗、年维修费与其他型式布袋除尘器相比均有所降低,为铝电解烟气净化工程扩大了除尘器的选择范围.     

Environmental Progress and Problems: A Chemical Industry Perspective

From 1995 to 2004, in Genoa, Italy, daily concentrations of twelve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in particulate phase (PM10), around a coke oven plant in operation from the 1950s and closed in 2002. The study permitted to identify the coke oven as the main PAH source in Genoa, causing constant exceeding of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) air quality target (1.0 ng/m3) in the urban area till 1,900 meters distance downwind the plant. For this reason the plant was closed. Distance and daily hours downwind the coke plant were the main sources of variability of toxic BaP equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations and equations that best fitted these variables were experimentally obtained. During full plant activity, annual average BaPeq concentrations, measured in the three sampling sites aligned downwind to the summer prevalent winds, were: 85 ng/m3 at 40 m (site 2, industrial area), 13.2 ng/m3 at 300 m (site 3, residential area) and 5.6 ng/m3 at 575 m (site 4, residential area).

Soon after the coke oven's closure (February 2002) BaPeq concentrations (annual average) measured in residential area, decreased drastically: 0.2 ng/m3 at site 3, 0.4 ng/m3 at site 4. Comparing 1998 and 2003 data, BaPeq concentrations decreased 97.6% in site 3 and 92.8% in site 4.

Samples collected at site 3, during the longest downwind conditions, provided a reliable PAH profile of fugitive coke oven emissions. This profile was significantly different from the PAH profile, contemporary found at site 5, near the traffic flow.

This study demonstrates that risk assessment based only on distance of residences from a coke plant can be heavily inaccurate and confirmed that seasonal variability of BaPeq concentrations and high variability of fugitive emissions of PAHs during coke oven activities require at least one year of frequent and constant monitoring (10-15 samples each month).

Implications: Around a coking plant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), concentrations depend mainly on downwind hours and distance. Equations that best fit these variables were experimentally calculated. Fugitive emissions of an old coke oven did not comply with the threshold BAP air concentration proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 1,900 m distance. The study identified the PAH profile of fugitive emissions of a coke oven, statistically different from the profile of traffic emissions. During its activity, in the Genoa residential area, 575 m away from the plant, 92.8% of found PAHs was due to coke oven emission only.     

Emission Control in Coking Operations By Use of Stage Charging

At the Clairton Coke Works of the United States Steel Corporation (the world’s largest coke plant), with coal charges of about 30,000 net tons per day, a system designated as “stage charging” has been developed for charging coal into the coke oven chamber without emissions to the atmosphere. The principles of the system are based on controlled sequential flow of the coal from the charging hoppers, during which the oven chamber is maintained under a very slight negative pressure condition by use of steam aspiration in the offtakes for on-the-main charging. The techniques are basic but require knowledge of the coal characteristics, adequate and properly maintained aspirating systems, including clean offtake piping, control of coal volume in the individual hoppers, and last, and probably most important, adherence by the operating crew to specific charging and leveling practices.     

Fugitive coke oven gas emission profile by continuous line averaged open-path Fourier transform infrared monitoring

Although most coke oven research is focused on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, well-known carcinogens, little has been done on the emission of volatile organic compounds, some of which are also thought to be hazardous to workers and the environment. To profile coke oven gas (COG) emissions, we set up an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) system on top of a battery of coke ovens at a steel mill located in Southern Taiwan and monitored average emissions in a coke processing area for 16.5 hr. Nine COGs were identified, including ammonia, CO, methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propylene, cyclohexane, and O-xylene. Time series plots indicated that the type of pollutants differed over time, suggesting that different emission sources (e.g., coke pushing, quench tower, etc.) were involved at different times over the study period. This observation was confirmed by the low cross-correlation coefficients of the COGs. It was also found that, with the help of meteorological analysis, the data collected by the OP-FTIR system could be analyzed effectively to characterize differences in the location of sources. Although the traditional single-point samplings of emissions involves sampling various sources in a coke processing area at several different times and is a credible profiling of emissions, our findings strongly suggest that they are not nearly as efficient or as cost-effective as the continuous line average method used in this study. This method would make it easier and cheaper for engineers and health risk assessors to identify and to control fugitive volatile organic compound emissions and to improve environmental health.     

Fabric Filter Applications on Coke Oven Pushing Operations

Coke oven pushing emissions containing quantities of tars and dust require new approaches to adapt fabric filter collectors. This paper deals with the Wheelabrator/Taisei precoat filter systems being used on coke oven pushing operations. The Taisei test program and the filter installation at Tokyo Gas are discussed. The variables to be evaluated in the design of a fabric filter emission control system are examined.     

捕集植物纤维性粉尘的研究

植物纤维性粉尘因其固有特性 ,在除尘技术中是一个没有解决好的难题。通过理论分析、实验研究与工程应用 ,利用流化床除尘器解决了这一问题 ,实现了除尘器的高效、低阻和可靠运行     

Operation and Maintenance of Fabric Filters

Operation and maintenance and performing correct system monitoring of fabric filters is discussed. The anticipation of future problems at the time of start-up and the necessity of maintaining correct records on the system to assist in later troubleshooting is stressed. When all is going well, the fabric filter requires little but routine maintenance on moving parts, which is usually well identified in the service manuals. Problems usually appear as excessive emissions, high pressure drop, or inadequate bag life. In order to find the cause of these problems, one must have maintained sufficient Information on the system to identify what changed and when. With this information, there are logical paths to follow to the proper solutions.