改性淀粉絮凝剂的性能研究

介绍了合成淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺淀粉改性高分子絮凝剂,考察了淀粉单体浓度、引发剂浓度、投料顺序对絮凝效果的影响,并将其处理模拟废水,考察了其絮凝性能。实验结果表明:引发剂浓度为3.0×10-3mol/L,淀粉用量为5g/200(mL.溶液),先加入引发剂后加入单体有利于接枝共聚。     

壳聚糖改性阳离子絮凝剂的制备及其应用研究

丙烯酰胺与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比为2∶1时,与壳聚糖发生接枝共聚反应,合成了壳聚糖阳离子型改性高分子絮凝剂PCAD。以高岭土模拟水样为处理体系,探讨了PCAD的絮凝性能,结果表明PCAD是典型的阳离子型高分子絮凝剂。污泥处理试验表明PCAD处理效果优于PAM-C,能显著改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能。     

淀粉接枝阳离子絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

主要利用化学方法对环氧氯丙烷和胺类进行阳离子改性获得阳离子醚化剂,然后与碱化后的淀粉接枝制得一种絮凝性能良好的有机高分子阳离子絮凝荆,并对所得产品作了絮凝性能实验。由实验得知该絮凝剂对悬浮细小颗粒有很好的去除效果,如高岭土溶液（1g／L）产生矾花时间较短,加入絮凝剂后搅拌3min左右即可产生明显絮体,且絮体较大,静置后透光率达90％以上。     

有机高分子絮凝剂的研究及应用

有机高分子絮凝剂本身所特有的絮凝速度较快、用量较小以及不易受到外界不良因素影响等特点受到了广泛的应用,在高分子有机物应用中具有绝对的优势。本文主要针对有机高分子絮凝剂探讨了人工有机高分子絮凝剂、天然有机高分子絮凝剂以及有机高分子絮凝剂在废水处理中的有关应用。     

壳聚糖作为絮凝剂的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种新型的天然高分子絮凝剂,在水处理中展现广泛的应用前景。综述了壳聚糖制备,在水处理中的应用及其絮凝机理等。研究表明,壳聚糖良好的絮凝性能,使其在废水处理和资源回收等方面的效果均优于无机及有机合成的絮凝剂,是一种环境友好的高效絮凝剂。     

无机-有机复合絮凝剂PST处理印染废水效果研究

以模拟印染废水和实际印染废水为实验对象,检验了一种新合成有机-无机复合絮凝剂(PST)的絮凝效果。结果表明,PST具有良好的絮凝性能。在受试条件下,絮凝效果与絮凝剂投加量、染料浓度有较大相关性。废水的pH值应用范围较宽;搅拌时间对COD去除率和脱色率没有显著影响。采用PST处理广东省高明市某印染厂的印染废水后,COD去除率为75.16%,脱色率为76.18%,处理效果良好,处理成本明显低于目前市场上普遍使用的聚铝等絮凝剂。     

高效复合絮凝剂的研制与性能研究

以酸洗废液和硅酸钠为原料，氯酸钾为氧化剂，加入少量的添加剂，制得高效玩机高分子复合絮凝剂-聚合硫酸铁/聚硅酸复合絮凝剂，研究了其絮凝性能，考察了添加剂、聚铁与聚硅酸的混合比对其絮凝效果的影响以及该絮凝剂适用的pH范围，结果表明，使用该絮凝剂处理城市废水和长江水，絮体密实粗大，沉降速度快，余浊低。     

处理采油废水最佳絮凝剂的筛选及应用条件研究

通过絮凝-沉淀法对采油废水进行深度处理,类比聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)、聚合硫酸铝(PAS)、聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)、复合高分子絮凝剂(KD-11C)和生物絮凝剂6种絮凝剂对采油废水中含油量和悬浮固体(SS)含量的去除效果,通过单因素试验探究絮凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量、温度、pH值和沉淀时间对絮凝效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定各因素影响程度的次序及最佳絮凝处理条件。结果表明:复合高分子絮凝剂絮凝效果最好;影响絮凝效果各因素的次序为温度pH值絮凝剂投加量助凝剂投加量沉淀时间;最佳絮凝处理条件是絮凝剂KD-11C投加量为50mg/L、助凝剂PAM投加量为3mg/L、温度为60℃、pH值为7.5、沉淀时间为30min。     

壳聚糖絮凝机理及絮凝性能的影响因素分析

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子聚合物,被广泛地作为絮凝剂用于水处理过程。探讨了壳聚糖的三种絮凝机理。在水处理中,其絮凝性能的发挥受到pH值、壳聚糖的投加量、壳聚糖的分子量以及壳聚糖的脱乙酰度等因素的影响。     

改性淀粉絮凝剂的研制及在污水处理中的应用

微波预辐射法和化学接枝法均可合成淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝物 ,产物可经红外光谱证明。接枝物的絮凝性能受接枝物的浓度 ,絮凝时间及溶液酸度的影响 ,且化学接枝法合成的接枝物絮凝性能优于微波预辐射法合成的接枝物。将其用作絮凝剂处理生活污水 ,二者效果均优于国产聚丙烯酰胺。     

Characteristics for the hybrid cell Foaz obtained from the protoplast fusion between yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in soybean processing wastewater

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Characteristics for the hybrid cell Foaz obtained from the protoplast fusion between yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in soybean processing wastewater

The optimal pH and temperature, maximum specific degradation rate, half rate constant and flocculation rate for the hybrid cell Foaz were measured in the reaction for the degradation of soybean processing wastewater(SPW) in this study. The optimal pH and temperature for Foaz in SPW were the same as those of its parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479, but the flocculation rate, the maximum specific degradation rate and the half rate constant for Foaz were higher than those of its parental strains. The results suggest that the characteristics of the inter-kingdom fusant Foaz constructed from the protoplast fusion between the eukaryote cell yeast S.cerevisiae and the prokaryote cell photosynthetic bacteria R.Sphaeroides may favor degrading organic pollutant in SPW and removing biomass from the effluent.     

活性炭纤维电极法处理印染废水的应用研究

采用新型催化电极处理了１８种水溶性及水不溶性染料液，并应用于数种实际扎染残液的处理，脱色率可达到９５％￣１００％，ＣＤＣｃｒ去除率达到４０％￣７０％。初步探讨了该电化学处理系统的反应机理，推论整个处理为吸附，自由基聚合和絮凝反应相结合的过程。     

化学沉淀法处理葫芦岛锌厂含镉废水的研究

采用化学沉淀法对葫芦岛锌厂含镉废水进行处理,分别考察了反应pH值、添加絮凝剂种类、反应时间、沉淀剂种类等因素对模拟含镉废水处理的影响,并在最佳条件下对葫芦岛锌厂含镉废水处理进行了研究。结果表明,采用化学沉淀法处理含镉废水时的合适pH值为11;当采用浓度为5%的FeSO4作为絮凝剂,浓度为10%的Ca（OH）2作为沉淀剂时,对含镉浓度为20mg/L的模拟含镉废水的最佳沉淀时间为15min;对含镉浓度为1200mg/L的实际废水处理后废水中镉离子浓度平均值为0.086mg/L,可以实现达标排放。     

Chemical and biological flocculation process to treat municipal sewage and analysis of biological function

The pilot-scale experimental apparatus and the procedure of the chemical and biological flocculation process to verify the feasibility in treating Shanghai municipal sewage were introduced in this paper. In addition, the biological function of the process was discussed. The results of optimal running showed that in the reaction tank, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid(MLSS) was 2 g/L, hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 35 min, dosage of liquid polyaluminium chloride(PAC) was 60 mg/L, and the concentration of polyacrylamide(PAM) was 0.5 mg/L. The effluent average concentrations of CODcr, TP, SS and BOD5 were 50 mg/L, 0.62 mg/L, 18 mg/L, and 17 mg/L, respectively. These were better than the designed demand. In addition, the existence of biological degradation in this system was proven by several methods. The removal efficiencies of the chemical and biological flocculation process were 20% higher than that of the chemical flocculation process above at the same coagulant dosage. The treatment process under different situations was evaluated on a pilot-scale experiment, and the results provided magnificent parameters and optimal condition for future operation of the plant.     

聚硅酸铝铁-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的制备与应用

采用聚硅酸铝铁与壳聚糖复合,制备低成本、高絮凝性能的新型无机-有机复合絮凝剂。结果表明:最佳复合条件为pH值1.4～2.0、原料配比(质量比)1:1、最佳温度70～80℃、反应时间16h。并将该絮凝剂用于造纸废水的处理实验,在投加量每500mL为5mL时,其对废水浊度、色度和COD的去除率分别为94.5%,61.5%和78.7%。     

Effects of alkalinity on interaction between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation in wastewater sludge conditioning with aluminum based inorganic polymer flocculant

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance, making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult. Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance, while sludge properties (organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions) are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process. In this work, the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled. The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity. Meanwhile, the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum (Al₁₃) and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum (Al₃₀) were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction. Additionally, both Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)₃. Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS, which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability. This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.     

硫自养短程反硝化探究及响应面法回收单质硫

以实验室成功启动的硫自养短程反硝化污泥作为接种污泥,通过批次试验分别探究HRT、pH值和温度对反应过程的影响.研究表明,控制条件参数HRT为5h、pH值为7.5、温度为30℃时,亚硝酸盐和单质硫积累效果最佳,分别达到92.53%和59.36%.对以上最佳参数条件下运行的污泥取样进行微生物高通量分析,Proteobacteria菌门丰度达到91.44%,是自养反硝化的主要菌门,Thiobacillus菌属丰度为66.04%,是实现硫自养短程反硝化过程中稳定单质硫和亚硝酸盐的主要贡献者.对反应出水中的生物单质硫进行絮凝沉淀回收,响应面优化结果表明,絮凝剂PAC投加量为7.73mL/L、pH值为4.53、搅拌速度为220r/min为生物单质硫絮凝的最佳匹配参数.平行试验验证得平均单质硫絮凝率(SFE)为88.1%.     

阴阳离子有机絮凝剂对污泥脱水效果的研究

为研究阴阳离子有机絮凝剂对污泥的脱水效果,在不同条件下分别向污泥中投加聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(HCA)和聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)。结果表明:絮凝剂浓度、过滤时间、p H显著影响污泥的脱水性能;污泥脱水最佳的絮凝反应条件为絮凝剂投加量为30 mg/L,污泥p H为5,真空抽滤时间为4 min;投加HCA和APAM的污泥都能取得良好的脱水效果,但HCA污泥脱水效果优于APAM。另外,吸附架桥是离子型有机絮凝剂高效絮凝的主要机理,电中和起辅助作用。     

电凝聚气浮法处理废水机理的实验研究

电凝聚气浮法主要两种反应来去除废水中的COD, 即电化学氧化还原反应和电解絮凝反应,对不同成分的废水其起主导作用的反应也不同,而这将影响到电凝聚气浮法处理装置的设计问题.通过改变水中H2O2浓度,即改变Fe2 在水中的作用的实验来观测实际的处理效果,可以研究哪个反应是主要的.实验研究表明,碱性强的废水处理中电解絮凝和电化学氧化还原反应都不强,而有机废水,特别是含苯环类成分较多的有机废水,电解氧化还原反应起到了非常明显的作用.