消除黄磷厂废渣污染环境的有效途径

利用黄磷厂废渣作煅烧水泥熟料的矿化剂、水泥混合材和利用黄磷厂废渣生产胶凝材、白水泥是消除黄磷渣污染环境的有效途径；通过影响黄磷渣作水泥混合材和生产胶凝材因素的研究，推荐了提高黄磷渣作水泥混合材的掺量及生产优质胶凝材的工艺条件；黄磷渣的开发利用不仅可使企业获得显著的经济效益，而且可减少磷渣堆放占用耕地和消除磷渣对环境的污染，具有显著的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

用铬渣生产水泥消除铬消毒性的研究

本文提出了一种通过以粉煤灰（或煤矸石），石灰石，铬渣，Ａ渣为原料煅炼新型低温水泥的方法去除儿渣毒性，进行了去除铬渣毒性稳定性试验，讨论了除铬渣毒性的机理和影响去除铬渣毒性的因素，试验结果表明，该法去除铬渣毒性彻底，社会效益及经济效益显著，是处理铬渣的一种有效方法。     

用铬渣生产水泥消除铬渣毒性的研究

本文提出了一种通过以粉煤灰（或煤矸石）、石灰石、铬渣、Ａ渣为原料煅烧新型低温水泥的方法去除铬渣毒性；进行了去除铬渣毒性稳定性试验；讨论了去除铭渣毒性的机理和影响去除铬渣毒性的因素；试验结果表明，该法去除铬渣毒性彻底，社会效益及经济效益显著，是处理铬渣的一种有效方法。     

铬渣的危害与解毒技术

本文介绍了铬渣的产生过程和主要成分,以及我国铬渣的产生和污染现状;介绍了化学处理法、物理/化学法、熔烧法和固化/稳定化处理法等铬渣解毒技术原理;概括了目前国内主要的铬渣综合利用方式.     

剧毒铬渣岂能一堆了之

最近新闻报道，2005年，国家发．改委与国家环保总局联合出台的《铬渣污染综合整治方案》显示，截至当时，19个省、自治区和直辖市累计产生铬渣600万吨，其中只有200万吨得到处理，其余400万吨铬渣处于堆放状态。然而，方案没能治住超标，不仅是铬，各大重金属污染已是屡禁不止。     

黄磷厂废渣作水泥混合材的研究

本文较系统地研究了影响黄磷渣作水泥混合材的因素；推荐了提高黄磷渣作水泥混合材的掺量必须控制的条件；按推荐的控制条件，黄磷渣作水泥混合材的掺量可高达４０％以上。     

水泥窑SO2污染防治的几个问题

研究了几种类型水泥窑ＳＯ２污染状况,及硫在原燃料中存在形式对其逸放的影响。提出开发环保型水泥熟料矿化剂,发展新型干法水泥窑、机主窑废气处理增设水喷淋等有利于防治水泥窑ＳＯ２污染的几点建议     

铬渣湿法解毒技术

正由河南金谷实业发展有限公司开发的铬渣湿法解毒技术,适用于铬渣及铬污染物处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理将铬渣或含铬污染物湿化研磨后,利用酸性介质将其中的酸溶性六价铬、水溶性六价铬完全转移至液相中,然后再投入还原药剂将液相中的六价铬还原至三价铬,并沉淀固定在工艺残渣中,实现铬渣及含铬污染物的无害化处置。二、技术关键全过程采用湿式液相处置工艺,用较大量的酸和还原剂,使酸溶和水溶六价铬全部还原。典型规模处理量500t/d。     

回转窑在处理危废铬渣中的应用

铬渣主要指铬盐厂生产过程中产生的有毒废渣,属于危险废物,其危害源自于所含的毒性很大的六价铬。文章介绍了危险废物处理行业中采用回转窑焚烧处理铬渣,及后续烟气净化、彻底无害化处理的工艺设计过程。为铬渣的处理提供了一套系统高效的处理方式。     

铬渣湿法和干法解毒技术的应用对比

通过对国内典型铬渣处理的项目进行分析,并结合某铬渣污染治理工程实例,从反应机理、解毒工艺、工艺适应性、资源回收利用、设备选型、处理规模、场址选择、污染控制及安全生产和经济性方面对铬渣湿法解毒和干法解毒技术在实际应用中的选择进行对比,为该项目提出了更适合的解毒技术。     

利用化学混凝法处理钻井污水实验研究

采用化学混凝法对江汉油田钻井污水进行了室内处理实验。实验结果表明,污水处理时所选絮凝剂的种类、加入量、加入顺序、温度和加入后的沉降时间等都会影响处理效果。采用单一无机化学药剂,沉降速度较慢,故考虑将无机和有机药剂复配使用,即利用先加无机药剂后再加入有机药剂的顺序处理该油田钻井废水。该实验结果为油田钻井污水无害化处理提供了基础资料。     

Solidification of tannery wastes

The high chromium concentrations in tannery-wastewater treatment-plant sludges, render them unsuitable for direct disposal. Therefore, one aims to fix the chromium of the tannery waste by adding different additive materials to cause solidification. The properties of the raw sludge were determined and subsequently, the sludge was mixed with cement and additives and left to solidify for 28 days. During the study, 28 different mixtures were prepared and their compressive strengths were determined. Standard elutriation tests were carried out with each solidified sample. Compressive strengths were obtained below the desired concrete strengths. Most of the pollutant parameters in eluate were under the required values.     

Characteristics of a bioxalate chelating extraction process for removal of chromium,copper and arsenic from treated wood

The disposal of wood waste treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a problem in many countries. We have proposed a novel chelating extraction technique for CCA-treated wood using bioxalate, a solution of oxalic acid containing sufficient sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 3.2, which is an effective way to obtain an extraction efficiency of 90% for chromium, copper, and arsenic. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of bioxalate extraction of CCA-treated wood. Extractions of CCA-treated western hemlock chips with solutions of bioxalate, oxalic acid, and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The use of bioxalate was confirmed as the most effective extraction technique for chromium, copper and arsenic, with an efficiency of 90%. Extraction with simple oxalic acid was ineffective for copper (less than 40% extraction efficiency), but effective for chromium and arsenic, with 90% efficiency. Sodium hydroxide showed a similar tendency, being ineffective for chromium and copper (less than 20% extraction efficiency), but relatively effective for arsenic (around 70–80% efficiency). We also discovered an interesting phenomenon whereby the addition of sodium hydroxide to a simple oxalic acid solution during the oxalic acid extraction progress resulted in dramatically increased extraction efficiency for copper, chromium and arsenic, up to 90%. Although oxalic acid was ineffective for copper extraction, the addition of sodium hydroxide during the oxalic acid extraction process rendered it effective.     

城市生活垃圾的资源化处理及对策分析

简要介绍了城市生活垃圾处理的现状,阐述了该领域存在的问题,对目前城市生活垃圾处理技术的优缺点进行对比分析。针对我国城市生活垃圾混合收集、无机物含量高的特点,提出了一种以生活垃圾能源化利用为目标,兼顾资源循环回收利用的城市生活垃圾资源化综合处理利用的解决方案。     

Evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in a continuous biological filter with the use of central composite design (CCD)

Hexavalent chromium is frequently found in industrial effluents as a result of the industrial applications of this compound and its anti-corrosive features. However, hexavalent chromium is extremely toxic, and its discharge in water is regulated, with a maximum limit of 0.1 mg/L in accordance with legislation established by CONAMA-Brazil (no. 397, April 3, 2008). To achieve lower discharge values, it is necessary to reduce from Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which is less toxic, and an economic alternative involves biological removal of this compound. Residence time distributions (RTDs) were measured to evaluate the behavior of actual biofilter operation conditions in a biofilter flow. The medium residence time distributions used were 8 and 24 h (recommended by the legislation). To optimize this process, a central composite design was used, considering the initial chromium concentration and pH as the independent variables and the removal of hexavalent chromium as the response. The boundary curves and surface response showed optimal behavior at 3.94 mg/L [Cr(0)] and a pH of 6.2. The removal process of hexavalent chromium is mathematically described by the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. This model appropriately represents the variation of chromium concentration along the bioreactor.     

国内外近地表处置场处置技术研究

近年来低、中水平放射性废物由于其数量大,种类多等特点得到了国际上越来越多的关注。近地表处置是这类放射性废物的主要处置技术。本文介绍了国外几个国家的近地表处置场运行情况以及管理经验。陈述了我国西北和北龙两个处置场设计及运行情况,对国内外低中放处置场的处置技术进行比较,借鉴国外近地表处置场的先进经验,提出我国近地表处置场建设的相关建议,为我国新建近地表处置场建设提供参考。     

美国油气田钻井固体废物和含油污泥处理处置方式的借鉴意义

本文对美国油气田钻井固体废物和含油污泥废物的属性判断、处理处置方式、钻井固体废物和含油污泥的去向进行介绍,体现了美国对钻井固体废物和含油污泥处理处置的灵活多样性,这对我国钻井固体废物和含油污泥的处理处置管理具有借鉴意义。     

Laboratory stabilizations/solidification of tank sludges: MVST/BVEST

Oak Ridge tank sludges that have been collected over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges in the different tank sets has been evaluated prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper documents the testing of a Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST)/Bethel Valley Evaporator Storage Tank set. Subsequent papers will discuss continued work on other tank sets and efforts to maximize the sludge loading. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with a surrogate and with a sample of an actual mixed waste tank sludge from MVST W-25. Wet-sludge loadings of 50-60wt% resulted in strong wasteforms with no free water and gave a volume increase of about 40-50vol%. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals included in the surrogate testing were cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, thallium, and mercury. The actual sludge sample was only characteristically hazardous for mercury by the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure but exceeded the Universal Treatment Standard (UTS) limit for chromium. The grout formulations stabilized these two RCRA metals within UTS limits. In addition, a grout leachability index of about 9.0-10.0 was measured for both (85)Sr and (137)Cs, meeting the recommended requirement of >6.0.     

国内外多氯联苯处理技术综述

简要介绍了目前国内外对多氯联苯的处理技术并比较其优缺点,以期对我国在多氯联苯处理方面的研究和应用提供有益的参考。     

市政污泥与生活垃圾掺烧工艺探讨

本文概括介绍了国内市政污泥处理处置的现状和目前不同类型的市政污泥处理处置技术，根据国外经验和国内情况做了市政污泥与生活垃圾掺烧的探讨，并总结了通过掺烧试验进行的工程应用实践。