持久性有机污染物:倍受关注的全球性环境问题

持久性有机污染物具有长期残留性，生物蓄物性，半挥发性和高毒性，是目前国际上备受关注的新的全球性环境问题，本文介绍了持久性有机污染物的定义，性质，危害，总结了国外持久性有机污染物的研究重点，分析了我国持久性有机污染物污染状况和研究现状。     

钢铁行业持久性有机污染物的生成与控制研究

在钢铁行业持久性有机污染物产生排放过程分析的基础上,提出持久性有机污染物污染防控对策。首先,阐述持久性有机污染物的定义并进行来源和特征分析;其次,从钢铁行业产生持久性有机污染物的三个主要工艺(焦化、电弧炉冶炼和烧结)分析持久性有机污染物产生原理、过程及产生量;最后,提出钢铁行业持久性有机污染物污染防控手段,包括源头预防、电弧炉冶炼和烧结等工艺过程控制,物理法、化学法和生物法等终端治理方法三个方面,并对持久性有机污染物污染控制进行展望。     

预警原则下的持久性有机污染物风险管理

由于持久性有机污染物自身的特性以及管理制度的局限性,目前在POPs风险管理的过程中出现了不少困难.本文从对传统的持久性有机污染物风险管理的内容和遇到的困难出发,探讨了在预警原则下持久性有机污染物风险管理的意义与作用,并进一步分析了预警原则下持久性有机污染物风险管理还须解决的问题.     

有色金属工业中持久性有机污染物的来源及其控制对策

介绍了四类非故意排放的持久性有机污染物及其形成条件,深入研究了有色金属冶炼、再生生产过程及有色金属深加工过程中持久性有机污染物的来源,并提出了在有色金属工业中控制持久性有机污染物排放的对策和措施。     

持久性有机污染物的危害与污染现状及对策研究

本文介绍了持久性有机污染物的特性、危害及在我国的生产和使用情况,重点分析了持久性有机污染物在我国水体、大气、土壤和农产品的污染现状,并在此基础上对今后我国持久性有机污染物的控制提出了一些建议和防治对策.     

浅谈持久性有机物的特性、危害及对策

持久性污染物对人类的生存威胁已经引起了国际社会的广泛关注。持久性有机污染物指的是持久存在于环境中,具有很长的半衰期,且能通过食物网积聚,并对人类健康及环境造成不利影响的有机化学物质。随着中国经济的发展,难降解的持久性有机物污染开始显现。国际上签署了〈关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约〉,公约中确定了首批禁止使用12种持久性有机污染物。针对持久性有机污染物,详细介绍其分类、性质和危害,及中国采取的对策。     

持久性有机污染物在水环境中的污染现状分析

随着经济与科技的不断发展,环境污染问题也显得愈来愈严重,而持久性有机污染物作为一种高毒性,持久性的污染物质对环境的危害显得尤为严重。本文主要介绍了持久性有机污染物的特征以及对环境和人类健康的危害,综述了持久性有机污染物对水环境污染的现状,提出了应对持久性有机污染物的控制对策。     

水体有机污染生物监测的研究进展

文章综述了有机污染物对环境污染的现状和对人类造成的危害,以及利用生物对水体中有机污染物(特别是持久性有机污染物)进行监测的研究现状,并展望了生物监测技术的发展前景.     

探究持久性有机污染物在中国的环境监测现状

本文主要以持久性有机污染物在中国的环境监测现状为重点进行阐述,以持久性有机污染物的环境监测现状为主要依据,从加强持久性有机污染物的宣传教育力度、注重相关法律法规的完善、注重投入力度的加大、注重监测技术手段的加强几个方面进行研究分析,其目的在于能够有效监测持久性有机污染物产生的源头,从而对其进行有效的控制,从根本上降低持久性有机污染物的排放,进而保障生态环境的平衡,为人们提供更加优质健康的生存环境。     

土壤中持久性有机污染物的提取技术研究

文章介绍了持久性有机污染物的分析检测方法,指明了研究土壤中持久性有机污染物的必要性.将国内最常用的两种提取方法--索式提取和超声波提取进行比较,结果表明了索式提取的方法更适合从土壤中提取多种持久性有机污染物,提取剂和洗脱剂可选比例1:1的丙酮和石油醚,回收率可在70%～90%之间;而超声波提取的方法比较适合从土壤中提取个别的持久性有机污染物,如op′-DDT 和pp′-DDT,节省实验时间,试剂使用量少,回收率也可在50%以上.     

偏远地区大气中持久性有机污染物研究进展

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在偏远地区大气中的分布与迁移已经成为大气POPs研究的热点.基于被动采样技术的大尺度POPs监测网络已经应用于偏远地区大气POPs的研究之中.其研究成果显示,最近50～60年以来,大气中POPs浓度的最大峰值出现在80年代左右,而80年代之后大气中POPs的浓度日趋减小.这说明各国陆续禁用POPs之后,大气中POPs的浓度有显著降低的趋势.受温度和季节性使用的影响,大气POPs的浓度呈现明显的季节性变化特点:有机氯农药的浓度主要表现为夏季高而冬季低;多环芳烃的浓度则主要表现为冬季高而夏季低.基于POPs高挥发性和长距离大气传输的特点,POPs可以在全球范围内广泛分布,而高海拔地区由于气温较低,使其相对于低海拔地区成为了POPs的"接收器".大气POPs分布和迁移受温度、降水、气候事件的影响.而且POPs在大气与不同下垫面之间的界面交换的方向、速度和通量也主要受环境温度和POPs的挥发能力的制约.综合大气POPs迁移与气候因素、界面特点之间的关系建立了多介质、大尺度的大气POPs归趋模型.模型的建立和POPs来源的明确使大气POPs传输机制的研究逐渐深入.此外还讨论了目前大气POPs研究中存在着的一些亟待解决的问题,并提出该领域未来可能的发展趋势.     

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, riskbased information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.     

岩溶地区持久性有机物的研究现状

近年来,岩溶地区不同环境介质中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的研究已经成为国际上该领域的热点问题。本文对POPs在岩溶地区水环境、土壤、大气和生物中的残留状况、分布特征、影响因素、迁移机制和可能来源等方面的研究现状进行了综述,结果显示岩溶地区已普遍检测出POPs,部分地区环境介质中POPs的浓度有显著降低的趋势;同时讨论了目前国内外岩溶地区POPs研究中存在的问题,并提出该研究未来可能的发展趋势。     

Persistent organic pollutants control strategy in China

The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts(e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with intemational guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, lifecycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the sciencebased decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing wodd and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)生物修复研究进展

持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有高毒性和低可降解性的特征,通过先进的生物修复技术来治理POPs污染正受到公众普遍的关注.而提高生物可利用性则可以突破原位生物修复的瓶颈;宏基因组技术可以获得大量的降解基因资源;利用生物工程手段,可以大幅度提高降解菌的能力这3个方面是目前POPs生物修复领域的研究热点.     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)及其生态毒性的研究现状与展望

持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类具有持久性、易于生物富集、对人和生物具有毒性的有机污染物质。POPs已成为全球关注的热点问题，它们对人和生物具有免疫毒性、内分泌毒性、生殖发育影响、致癌性以及其它一些毒性效应。因此应加强POPs生态毒性的研究。     

Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are emitted from kinds of industries, which endanger human health and the environment. Adsorption is a promising method for the treatment of VOCs due to its low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity. However, the hydrophilic nature and low desorption rate of those materials limit their commercial application. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of VOCs still need to be improved. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with extremely high porosity, structural diversity, and hydrophobic have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for VOCs adsorption. This review generalized the superiority of POPs for VOCs adsorption compared to other porous materials and summarized the studies of VOCs adsorption on different types of POPs. Moreover, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between water and VOCs on the POPs was discussed. Finally, a concise outlook for utilizing POPs for VOCs adsorption was discussed, noting areas in which further work is needed to develop the next-generation POPs for practical applications.     

有机氯在我国的污染现状及监控对策

本文阐述了八十年代初禁用的一些有机氯在我国的污染情况以及这类污染物的分布趋势，提出了对这类污染物的监控方法。