一起火炬电打火故障原因分析

沧州炼油厂于2004年大修期间对火炬进行了改造,安装了某电仪公司生产的PYH-400自动点火装置火炬自动点火系统,由于火炬自动点火联锁装置安装时存在缺陷,所以火炬自动点火不能投用,而是处于手动点火状态.同时为保证紧急点火的成功率,沧州炼油厂仍保留原有两套串级手动电打火系统.2006年4月11日火炬电打火发生故障,险些酿成事故.     

高架火炬燃烧热辐射危害性分析

为了确定某企业高架火炬改造前后事故工况下火炬燃烧热辐射的危害情况,采用CFD模拟全厂停电工况下火炬系统排放燃烧热辐射云图获取不同热辐射强度的影响范围,为火炬系统高度设计以及确定火炬系统与周边设施及人员集中场所的合理安全间距提供指导依据。     

火炬气回收及排放系统的优化

阐述了洛阳石化总厂火炬气排放及回收系统的优化改造措施，评价了在降低生产成本及环境保护等方面的效果。     

高架火炬泄漏后果模拟研究

基于CFD技术,以某石化厂高架火炬为例开展建模计算,研究装置在最大泄放工况下高、低压火炬和酸性气火炬未点燃后的气体扩散行为。研究结果可为火炬系统紧急状态下的安全区域划分、应急响应预案制定提供技术支撑。     

齐鲁炼厂一环保项目投用 年回收瓦斯4.2万t 增收4800万元

齐鲁公司胜利炼油厂重要的节能、环保项目——南区瓦斯气柜及压缩机改造工程于最近投用。经过100h的考核试验,机组气柜运行情况良好,从而使往日经常浓烟滚滚的火炬得到了有效控制。这是该厂围绕生产难点,开展技术攻关活动取得的又一新成果。该厂南区原瓦斯气柜于1980年建成投用。但由于气柜及压缩机存在诸多难以克服的技术问题,不能正常运行,1989年被迫停止使用。尽快改造老气柜,以达到消灭“火炬”、节约     

利用燃气轮机回收工业尾气

火炬瓦斯放空问题一直是石化行业的一个重点研究课题。我们经过不断地摸索、探讨，开发了燃气轮机回收火炬瓦斯的技术。采用燃气轮机回收火炬瓦斯，是消灭火炬的手段之一。介绍了燃气轮机的原理、流程及效果，在推广使用方面具有实用性。     

石油化工储运系统的清洁生产

介绍石油化工储运系统推行清洁生产的情况。运用浮顶罐技术，光纤或光导技术、高低液位报警技术等先进技术，实施清污分流，污污分汉及污油回收，消灭火炬回收炼厂气等方法，达到节约原材料，降低成本，清洁生产的目的。     

沧州炼油厂顺利通过熄灭火炬验收

1998年 8月底沧州炼油厂顺利通过了由集团公司组织的熄灭火炬验收小组对我厂熄灭火炬系统和工作的全面检查和验收 ,达到了集团公司要求的熄灭火炬的标准。能否熄灭火炬是石化企业生产管理水平的综合体现 ,同时也反映一个企业能耗和环保水平的高低。为此 ,集团公司要求各企业在尽短的时间内实现熄灭火炬的工作目标。为早日实现熄灭火炬 ,从 1997年开始 ,沧州炼油厂就成立了由环保、生产调度、技术等处室等智能部门参加、并由生产副厂长挂帅的熄灭火炬领导小组 ,制定了严格的监督、考核管理制度 ,研究制定了周密的熄灭火炬计划 :包括系统瓦斯…     

工业废气在循环流化床锅炉中的掺烧应用

介绍了东方化工厂两台循环流化床锅炉掺烧工业废气改造的背景及原则,叙述了火炬气回收及供气系统、燃气燃烧器、PLC控制三个主要系统的布置、选择、设计等情况,论述了锅炉掺烧火炬气后的安全、掺烧比例的确定、掺烧位置的选择等三个需要重点关注的问题,分析了项目实施后所取得的节能效益、环保效益,是同行业回收利用工业废气,实现节能降耗的一种有效方式,具有很好的参考价值和推广意义。     

火炬系统的优化操作

介绍了青岛炼化公司火炬系统概况,公司从降低火炬气排放量、提高火炬排放安全性、保证足够的火炬气回收能力等方面开展了工作,并对存在问题提出改进建议。     

HAZOP在封闭式地面火炬设计上的应用

运用HZAOP分析方法,对封闭式地面火炬进行风险辨识,以某地面火炬为例,系统分析了泄放气流量、液含量、烟气出口温度、火炬筒体温度、火焰高度、燃烧状态、噪声等控制参数有意义的偏差、可能的原因、可能导致的后果,并针对高风险的偏差提出建议措施。分析结果表明,HAZOP应用于封闭式地面火炬设计,能系统地辨识地面火炬中存在的安全隐患,有助于提高装置的本质安全。     

硫黄联合装置停工密闭吹扫的实现

介绍了中国石化济南分公司硫黄回收联合装置安全环保停工的过程,在硫黄回收联合装置停工前,研究讨论各装置停工密闭吹扫的流程及方法,并确定各装置停工吹扫的顺序、注意事项和前期准备工作。在各装置停工吹扫过程中,严格按照停工方案,采取了分装置吹扫,该装置吹扫完毕后立即加盲板隔离,最后放火炬公用系统采取倒吹扫,实现了装置停工密闭吹扫,达到了各装置停工酸性气系统吹扫不放火炬的要求。     

火炬系统环境风险评价

本文运用事故树法分析了火炬熄火事故发生的概率，并结合实例，估计了这种事故排污对环境的影响后果，提出了预防措施。     

Double-electrode arc welding process: Principle,variants, control and developments

Double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) is a novel welding process in which a second electrode, non-consumable or consumable, is added to bypass part of the wire current. The bypass current reduces the heat input in non-consumable DE-GMAW or increases the deposition rate in consumable DE-GMAW. The fixed correlation of the heat input with the deposition in conventional GMAW and its variants is thus changed and becomes controllable. At the University of Kentucky, DE-GMAW has been tested/developed by adding a plasma arc welding torch, a GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) torch, a pair of GTAW torches, and a GMAW torch. Steels and aluminum alloys are welded and the system is powered by one or multiple power supplies with appropriate control methods. The metal transfer has been studied at the University of Kentucky and Shandong University resulting in the desirable spray transfer be obtained with less than 100 A base current for 1.2 mm diameter steel wire. At Lanzhou University of Technology, pulsed DE-GMAW has been successfully developed to join aluminum/magnesium to steel. At the Adaptive Intelligent Systems LLC, DE-GMAW principle has been applied to the submerged arc welding (SAW) and the embedded control systems needed for industrial applications have been developed. The DE-SAW resulted in 1/3 reduction in heat input for a shipbuilding application and the weld penetration depth was successfully feedback controlled. In addition, the bypass concept is extended to the GTAW resulting in the arcing-wire GTAW which adds a second arc established between the tungsten and filler to the existing gas tungsten arc. The DE-GMAW is extended to double-electrode arc welding (DE-AW) where the main electrode may not necessarily to be consumable. Recently, the Beijing University of Technology systematically studied the metal transfer in the arcing-wire GTAW and found that the desired metal transfer modes may always be obtained from the given wire feed speed by adjusting the wire current and wire position/orientation appropriately. A variety of DE-AW processes are thus available to suit for different applications, using existing arc welding equipment.     

A Study on Torch Path Planning in Laser Cutting Processes Part 1: Calculation of Heat Flow in Contour Laser Beam Cutting

Conductive heat transfer in contour laser beam cutting is analyzed by using a transient, two-dimensional finite difference model, and the result is combined with a simple analytic model. From the calculation results, the correlation is derived between workpiece temperature and opening angles at a corner in contour cutting. As a result, a modified analytic solution is developed to predict if excessive workpiece heating occurs for given cutting contours in a nested plate. The main objective is to use the computation results in the optimization of torch path planning to provide fully automated CNC programming software for laser cutting. To efficiently apply the analytic model in torch path planning, the critical temperature that should be avoided during the cutting sequence is considered. This leads to an improvement of the cutting quality in the automatic cutting process.     

MPT—AES法测定矿泉水中硅、镁、钙、锶、钾元素

应用MPT－AES法测定了四种矿泉水中的Si,Mg,Ca,K五种元素，实验证明该方法具有分析速度快，准确度及精密度高等优点。     

A Study on Torch Path Planning in Laser Cutting Processes. Part 2: Cutting Path Optimization Using Simulated Annealing

In Part 1 of this paper [beginning on page 54], the heat flow in contour laser beam cutting was calculated by using the finite difference model, and a modified analytic model was developed based on the numerical experiments Part 2 addresses the problem of optimal torch path planning for the 2D laser cutting of a stock plate nested with irregular parts. Under the constraint of the relative positions of parts enforced by nesting, the optimization algorithm generates a feasible cutting path. The simulated annealing technique is adopted for solving the torch path optimization problem to minimize a specified cost function. The objective is to traverse the cutting contours with a minimum path length and, at the same time, to minimize the effect of heat on the cutting path sequence. To minimize the heat effect and avoid overheating, the critical temperature that should be avoided during the whole cutting sequence is considered in this way, a global solution can be obtained in a reasonable time. Several examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

热等离子体熔融固化模拟医疗废物的研究

利用直流双阳极等离子体实验装置熔融固化处理不同组成的模拟医疗废物.研究了医疗废物熔融过程中重金属的迁移特性、熔渣的重金属浸出特性以及实验系统对医疗废物的处理效果.结果表明,经熔融处理得到的熔渣均呈典型的玻璃质结构,微观结构紧密、光滑且无空隙;所采用的等离子体对医疗废物中重金属有很好的固化效果,固化率在68.5%～89.4%之间;重金属Cd的浸出浓度低于仪器最低检测限,无法检出,Ni、Cr、Zn、Cu和Pb在熔渣中浸出浓度均远低于国家规定的毒性浸出标准.说明热等离子体技术是一种处理医疗废物的有效手段.     

密闭化填埋作业条件下的场内恶臭污染分布情况与分析

随着城市化进程的加剧,填埋场恶臭逐渐成为影响城市生活的重要污染.对于场界范围内的恶臭发生源通常要依靠经验确定,难以对填埋场界范围内的恶臭污染强度分布及变化规律进行科学的描述.利用电子鼻与GPS定位仪对生活垃圾填埋场内的恶臭污染情况进行检测,通过GIS软件作图绘制恶臭污染等强度曲线,对场内强污染源释放点进行确定,发现覆盖膜破损及焚烧火炬尾气排放是造成场内恶臭污染的主要原因.对填埋气产量估算分析表明提高填埋气处理能力是控制恶臭污染的关键.     

流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅳ)——控制单元的水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估

对国内外流域水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估体系进行了归纳,系统介绍了美国和欧盟水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估体系的框架和特点,指出其对我国流域水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估体系建设的借鉴意义.以水质保护目标为前提,按照“分区、分类、分级、分期”的理念,建立了流域控制单元水污染物排放限值与削减技术评估体系,阐述了该体系的内涵和特点;探讨了控制单元各类污染源的水污染物削减技术评估和最佳可行技术,削减技术评估指标、方法和程序,污染物削减技术检测平台,污染物排放限值确定等关键问题.