石灰石还原态脱硫中各阶段物料的热重和电镜分析研究

阐述了石灰石还原态脱硫时硫化、氧化过程的热重分析研究结果，并通过数学处理给出了各自的动力学方程；对颗粒各阶段微孔结构的电镜分析，得出了硫化过程不会发生孔闭塞现象，可以在较低石灰石用量的前提下，获得高的脱硫效率。     

单分子层二氧化铈脱硫机理研究

单分子层二氧化铈可用于烟气中二氧化硫的脱除，文章研究了单分子层二氧化铈的硫化反应动力学。结果表明：硫化反应速率很高，且在反应初期基本保持不变；硫化增重在呈线性急剧诱惑 高后，逐渐趋于平稳，最后反应速率趋近为零。硫化反应处于扩散控制区，温度对反应速率影响很小，而二氧化硫的浓度对反应速率影响很大，还得到了硫化反应动力学方程。     

湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学

近年来,发展的同时脱硫脱硝方法,是借助于氧化不容易溶解的NO到容易溶解的NO_2,或者利用水溶性亚铁螯合物作为一种催化剂加速NO的吸收,也就是亚铁螯合物能够与NO形成一个络合物而促进NO的吸收。或者应用水溶液中NO_x被溶解的SO_2还原形成N_2,N_2O或还原到氮化物如NOH(SO_3~(2-)_2、 NH_2SO_3~-和NH_4~+而除去,而SO_2被氧化生成硫酸盐。本文综述了湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学和机理以及一些中间化合物形成与消失的过程。     

乙酸型顶极群落的内平衡与反馈调节机制研究

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的连续流试验，从“动态”角度考察COD／SO4^2-比改变引起的pH值、氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱度（ALK）和末端产物（VFAs）等的变动及生态因子的叠加效应引发的优势种群变迁，分析了乙酸型顶极群落的稳定性及其发生定向性生态演替的规律，进而阐明了乙酸型顶极群落抵抗环境压力的内平衡与反馈调节机制，并指出乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征。     

试论城乡开发自然生态补偿的植被还原原理

针对城乡土地开发带来的植被破坏建立一种作为生态补偿的植被还原机制。本文列举国外的若干实例,说明在我国实行这一机制在技术和经济上的可行性。并提出植被还原的“绿当量”概念和针对开发项目造成的植被减少实行种植补偿的计算方法。     

蒽醌类有机质介导水铁矿电化学还原的动力学

以水铁矿为实验对象，采用计时电流法研究了"电极-AQS-水铁矿"反应体系中蒽醌介导下的电化学还原动力学过程，阐明了"电极-AQS-水铁矿"三者之间相互作用的动力学特征与机制.结果表明：在超声波的协助下，同市售玻碳电极相比，发生在碳毡电极表面的电化学还原反应的灵敏性得到显著提升，且当体系施加电压为-0.7V时，AQS可以被完全还原.在最佳工作电极和实验条件下，AQS可以作为氧化还原中介体参与水铁矿的电化学还原过程.当AQS浓度从0.005mmol/L升至0.035mmol/L时，单位绝对量水铁矿的还原率从10.4%增至35%.AQS介导水铁矿电化学还原过程中的中间产物AQS_oxi浓度随时间的变化趋势符合由连串反应动力学推导出的函数模型曲线特征：随着时间t的增加，C_AQSoxi在初始某一范围内迅速增长；当时间到达某限度后，C_AQSoxi又出现了不同程度的快速下降，模型拟合的校正决定系数高达0.9990.     

次级燃料还原燃烧产物内NOx的动力学特性研究

提出了在燃煤电站锅炉炉膛内添加次级燃料建立ＮＯｘ的还原区，以控制ＮＯｘ的排放，建立了描述ＮＯｘ还原动态过程的数学模型和化学动力学模型，对计算值和实测值作了比较分析。     

可见金在黄铁矿和毒砂表面的电化学聚积(摘要)

在原电池装置中，金从充气及饱和H2S的1moVLKCI含金溶液中以电化学方式沉积在半导电的硫化矿物（黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿）上。由一种充气溶液中的硫化物（阴极）和另一种饱和HZS溶液中的硫化物（阳极）构成的装置中观测到的电位差约为0．4～0．6V这与众所周知的天然硫化矿体的“自然电位”不相上下。金优先聚积在阴极上即氧化条件下。将成分不同的硫化物连结在同样环境中（氧化或还原环境）产生高达20mV的电位差。这种组合模拟了一般出现在化学成分不均匀的单晶（例如环带）表面的条件。硫化矿物或者显n型电导性，或者显p型电导性，视化…     

一起硫化罐“爆炸”事故分析

一起硫化罐“爆炸”事故分析化学工业部技术监督司崔慕１９９１年７月３１日，呼市某橡胶厂发生了硫化罐“爆炸”事故，造成多人伤亡，损失严重。呼和浩特市组成的事故调查组对事故的原因进行了分析，并得出硫化罐强度不够的结论。事故报告送到部里后，我仔细地阅读了报告...     

循环流化床还原态脱硫试验研究

本文介绍了在循环流化床上进行的还原态脱硫试验的结果，并探讨了运行工况对脱硫效率的影响。     

荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的机械化学硫化

以硫化钠为硫化剂,机械化学硫化荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅,实现金属铅向硫化铅快速转化.通过单因素实验,考察了不同机械化学硫化条件,即球磨时间、球磨转速和球料比对硫化率的影响,并通过XRD、SEM和粒度对硫化产物进行表征.结果表明,硫化率随球磨时间和球磨转速的增大而增大,随球料比的增大先增大后减小,当球磨转速为750r/min、球磨时间为120min、球料比为50：1g/g时,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的硫化率可达96.18%.XRD结果表明,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的机械化学硫化产物为PbS、SEM和粒度结果表明,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃的粒径随球磨转速和球磨时间的增加而减小.     

硫化纳米零价铁对PCB153的降解研究

硫化纳米零价铁(S-nZVI)是近年来兴起的一种纳米零价铁改性材料,已有研究发现其在重金属污染物去除方面具有较好的效果,而有关其对多氯联苯(PCBs)的反应活性目前尚未见报道.因此,本研究对比了采用前置硫化合成法制备的S-nZVI(S/Fe=0.103)、纳米零价铁(nZVI)和羧甲基纤维素稳定纳米零价铁(CMC-nZVI)3种纳米零价铁材料降解六氯联苯PCB153的反应动力学,研究了pH值、阴离子、腐殖酸(HA)等因素对该反应的影响,分析了反应前后材料表面性质的变化,探讨了脱氯路径和反应机理.结果表明,3种纳米零价铁材料对PCB153的降解反应符合准一级动力学,降解机理相似,降解效果依次为CMC-nZVInZVIS-nZVI.硫化改性降低了nZVI去除PCB153的反应活性,S-nZVI表面的硫铁化物并未直接参与PCB153降解反应,S-nZVI反应活性低的原因可能是硫铁化物的形成损耗了一部分Fe~0的还原能力.此外,与CMC-nZVI、nZVI不同,高pH更有利于S-nZVI对PCB153的降解,阴离子和HA对3种纳米零价铁活性的影响规律相似.研究结果可为S-nZVI在持久性有机污染物降解中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持.     

Systematic control technologies for gaseous pollutants from non-ferrous metallurgy

Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separation of typical air pollutants,such as heavy metal particles,mercury,sulfur oxides and fluoride,during non-ferrous smelting.A series of purification technologies,including optimization of the furnace throat and hightemperature discharge,were developed to collaboratively control and...     

没食子酸还原六价铬反应动力学规律研究

实验研究了不同pH值,温度和六价铬初始浓度等条件对没食子酸还原六价铬的反应动力学的影响,分别建立六价铬还原反应速率常数关于氢离子浓度和温度的函数方程.结果表明:pH值 为2.0~5.0时,没食子酸与六价铬发生的氧化还原反应符合准一级动力学反应;而pH值为6时,因[H+]不足,二者的反应不符合准一级动力学反应.在pH值为2.0~5.0时,六价铬反应速率常数(103kobs)分别是是951.6、103.6、17.3和7.5h-1.pH值 为2.5时,温度升高,反应速率常数快速增加;温度为30℃时,没食子酸还原六价铬的反应速率常数分别是温度为20℃和10℃时反应速率常数的1.61倍和3.68倍.不同初始浓度六价铬的反应体系中,六价铬反应速率常数随着反应体系中六价铬与没食子酸初始浓度比值的增加而逐渐减小.利用最小二乘线性回归法和阿伦尼乌斯公式分别建立了六价铬还原反应速率常数关于氢离子浓度和温度的函数方程,为预测和分析没食子酸还原六价铬反应过程中六价铬的反应速率常数和浓度变化情况提供动力学模型参考.     

Effect of temperature on anoxic metabolism of nitrites to nitrous oxide by polyphosphate accumulating organisms

Temperature is an important physical factor, which strongly influences biomass and metabolic activity. In this study, the effects of temperature on the anoxic metabolism of nitrite(NO-2) to nitrous oxide(N2O) by polyphosphate accumulating organisms, and the process of the accumulation of N2O(during nitrite reduction), which acts as an electron acceptor, were investigated using 91% ± 4% Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis sludge. The results showed that N2O is accumulated when Accumulibacter first utilize nitrite instead of oxygen as the sole electron acceptor during the denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Properties such as nitrite reduction rate, phosphorus uptake rate, N2O reduction rate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation rate were all influenced by temperature variation(over the range from 10 to 30°C reaching maximum values at 25°C). The reduction rate of N2O by N2O reductase was more sensitive to temperature when N2O was utilized as the sole electron acceptor instead of NO2, and the N2O reduction rates, ranging from 0.48 to 3.53 N2O-N/(hr·g VSS), increased to 1.45 to 8.60 mg N2O-N/(hr·g VSS). The kinetics processes for temperature variation of 10 to 30°C were(θ1 = 1.140–1.216 and θ2= 1.139–1.167). In the range of 10°C to 30°C, almost all of the anoxic stoichiometry was sensitive to temperature changes. In addition, a rise in N2O reduction activity leading to a decrease in N2O accumulation in long term operations at the optimal temperature(27°C calculated by the Arrhenius model).     

硫化纳米零价铁(S-nZVI)对水体中镉的去除研究

由于矿山开采、工业废水排放及农业施肥等人类活动,使得我国镉污染日益突出.本研究采用液相还原法制备硫化纳米零价铁(S-nZVI),研究其对Cd的去除行为.考察了不同硫化剂、合成方法、S/Fe比(物质的量比)及pH对Cd去除的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X-射线衍射(XRD)等技术对反应前后的材料进行表征,结合批实验结果探讨Cd的去除机理.结果表明,采用一步法以硫化钠(Na_2S)为硫化剂合成的S-nZVI对Cd的去除效率远高于其它方法,去除容量可达385.6 mg·g~(-1).反应120 min后,S-nZVI对Cd的去除率随S/Fe比的增加而升高,S-nZVI反应体系受pH影响较小.材料表征结果显示,S-nZVI颗粒由Fe~0、Fe_3O_4、FeS组成,其中,FeS的含量随S/Fe比的升高而增加.S-nZVI对Cd的去除机理主要是Cd将FeS中的Fe置换,与S结合形成稳定的CdS.     

Simultaneous elution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from contaminated soil by two amino acids derived from β-cyclodextrins

Two highly water-soluble amino acids, which derived from -CDs, i.e., glutamic acid- -cyclodextrin (GluCD) and ethylene-diamine- -cyclodextrin (EDCD), were synthesized and were examined for their e ect on solubilization of anthracene (ANT), complexation of cadmium (Cd2+), and elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ in soil. The results showed that GluCD and EDCD were powerful complexant for ANT and Cd2+. In the presence of 10 g/L GluCD and EDCD, the solubilization of ANT increased by 47.04 and 23.85 times compared to the control, respectively. GluCD resulted in approximately 90% complexation of Cd2+ while 70% complexation was observed for EDCD. Simultaneously, GluCD and EDCD could greatly enhance the elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ from soil. GluCD resulted in the highest elution e ciency of ANT and Cd2+.With the addition of 10 g/L GluCD, 53.5% of ANT and 85.6% of Cd2+ were eluted, respectively. The ANT had a negligible e ect on the Cd2+ removal due to di erent complexing sites of ANT and Cd2+, while Cd2+ enhanced the ANT removal under the addition of GluCD because Cd2+ neutralized the –COOH group of GluCD. Adversely, the removal of ANT was decreased with Cd2+ under the addition of EDCD, this was due to the fact that Cd2+ enhanced the polarity of EDCD molecule and inhibited the complexation between ANT and EDCD. The study suggested that GluCD could be preferred and be successfully applied to remediation of heavy metals or organic compounds in contaminated soil.     

Regenerable mixed metal oxide sorbents for coal gas desulfurization at moderate temperatures

This paper reports on research conducted at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) for the development of durable metal oxide-based sorbents for fluidized-bed desulfurization of coal-derived fuel gases in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C, which is currently of industrial interest. This study has systematically considered copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) oxides as bases for developing regenerable sorbents. The sorbent formulations prepared, their sulfidation performance and regenerability, and the physical and chemical properties of a select group of sorbents are presented and discussed. The results from multi-cycle evaluation tests of a few sorbents in a packed-bed reactor are also presented. The results of attrition resistance tests carried out according to the ASTM D 5757-95 method are also presented and their implications discussed in detail. Sorbents based on copper oxide were found to possess the best combination of high attrition resistance and sulfidation reactivity, sulfur removal efficiency, and pre-breakthrough conversion in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C. Encouraging results were also obtained with sorbents based on manganese oxide; however, their regeneration necessitates very high temperatures that cannot be accommodated by current desulfurization systems requiring regeneration ignition temperatures of approximately 550°C. No sorbent based on iron oxide was found to have sufficient reactivity in the moderate temperature range.     

有机钙高温脱硫特性

为了控制燃煤二氧化硫气体的排放,采用智能定硫仪研究了有机钙的脱硫特性.原煤的硫析出速率曲线呈双峰形状,添加有机钙后,硫析出速率明显降低,曲线呈单峰状.1000℃下有机钙对长广煤的脱硫率比普通石灰石高1倍以上,其中醋酸钙镁的脱硫效果高达73.84%.煤的含硫量、反应温度、钙硫比、钙基添加剂粒径是影响有机钙脱硫效果的重要因素.煤的含硫量增大或钙基添加剂粒径减小都可以提高有机钙的脱硫率;随温度升高,高硫煤脱硫率下降幅度低于中硫煤和低硫煤,1 200℃高温下醋酸钙镁脱硫率为59.08%;按钙硫比为1添加有机钙可以获得较高的脱硫率,继续增加钙基添加剂,脱硫率的提高效果不明显.表明有机钙是一种脱硫效率较高的优良吸收剂,醋酸钙镁的脱硫效果最好.     

胡敏酸对不同矿物结合汞的还原作用

采用扩散吸收法探讨了胡敏酸对不同矿物结合态汞的还原作用及光照的影响.结果表明:两种胡敏酸(TJ和SH)对碳酸钙、氧化锰和赤铁矿结合态汞均具有明显的还原作用,还原动力学过程表现为先递增后渐趋平稳,可用双常数方程、Elovich方程和指数方程拟合;还原容量与吸持矿物类型有关,平均还原率大小为:CaCO3-Hg(0.67%)>Fe2O3-Hg(0.42%)>MnO2-Hg(0.19%);光照对胡敏酸还原矿物结合态汞具有强化效应,以CaCO3-Hg和Fe2O3-Hg光强化效果最明显,平均还原率较遮光时高出0.10%以上;两种胡敏酸(SH和TJ)对矿物结合态汞的还原能力存在差异(P<0.1),遮光条件下SH的还原能力均高于TJ,而光照条件下TJ对CaCO3-Hg的还原能力大于SH,对MnO2-Hg的还原则无显著差异,意味着SH的光敏性低于TJ,可能与不同胡敏酸氧化还原活性基团含量和芳香化程度(E4/E6)不同有关.