铁炭曝气微电解预处理纤维素发酵废水

采用正交实验法对铁炭曝气微电解预处理纤维素发酵废水进行了研究,最佳工艺条件为pH 4-5,铁屑用量150g·1-1,铁炭比1:2,反应时间1h,曝气量30ml·min-1.在此条件下,CODCr去除率达25%左右,色度去除率达87.5%,有效地去除了影响乙醇发酵的四种抑制剂(乙酸、糠醛、乙酰丙酸、5-羟甲基糠醛),提高了废水的可生化性.同时考察了活性炭粒径大小、Cu的加入对微电解反应的影响.结果表明,粒径20-100目的活性炭有利于铁炭反应,铜的加入形成了铜-铁-炭双电解反应,提高了微电解效率.     

铁碳微电解降解磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平

以两种典型人工合成有机物(磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平)为主要研究对象,采用铁碳微电解法降解上述两种目标污染物,研究了铁碳质量比、反应时间、pH、铁投加量等因素对磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平降解效果的影响.结果表明,pH=1,铁碳比为1∶1,铁投加量为80 g·L~(-1)时,磺胺甲恶唑的去除率最高,60 min几乎全部去除.pH=1,铁碳比为1∶4,铁投加量为80 g·L~(-1)时,卡马西平的去除率最高,60 min卡马西平去除率接近90%.在这过程中磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平发生氧化还原反应,它们的氮被还原成氨氮.磺胺甲恶唑和卡马西平的降解符合假一级反应动力学.     

EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响

考察了EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响及作用机制,结果表明,EDTA能够提高微电解处理对硝基酚的效果;单因素试验法确定了微电解/EDTA体系处理1000mg·l~(-1)对硝基酚的最佳条件:铁屑量120g·l~(-1),碳量20g·l~(-1),pH值为3,EDTA浓度1mmol·l~(-1).在此条件反应60min,对硝基酚去除率为89.7%,而常规微电解在最佳条件下对硝基酚的去除率仅为53.8%.值得关注的是EDTA不仅提高了对硝基酚的去除率,而且拓宽了微电解体系对pH值的适应范围,在中性条件下微电解/EDTA体系对硝基酚的去除率达到了63.5%,而相同条件下传统微电解法仅为19.5%.同时,通过对降解产物的鉴定,分析了对硝基酚在微电解/EDTA体系的降解途径.     

Fenton法降解水中布洛芬

采用Fenton法降解水中布洛芬,考察了H2O2投加量、FeSO.47H2O与H2O2的比值、初始pH、反应时间等因素对布洛芬去除率的影响,通过正交实验确定影响作用大小依次为:[Fe2+]∶[H2O2]的物质的量之比>H2O2的投加量>pH值,最佳的反应工艺条件为:H2O2的投加量为3 mL.L-1,[Fe2+]∶[H2O2]的物质的量之比为1∶10,反应初始pH值为3,反应时间为40 min.在最佳条件下布洛芬的去除率达到86%以上.同时对布洛芬降解反应动力学进行了研究,发现Fenton降解布洛芬符合二级反应动力学规律.     

Fe-Cu铁内电解处理甲基橙的谱学表征

应用紫外-可见光谱(UV-VIS)、质谱(MS)和电子顺磁共振(EPR)对甲基橙印染废水在Fe-Cu铁内电解中的变化进行跟踪表征.研究结果表明,pH=3时,甲基橙在Fe-Cu(质量比1∶1)和Fe-Cu-Mn(质量比1∶1∶0.05)铁内电解体系中随着反应时间的增加在400—600nm区域UV-VIS吸收峰面积逐渐减少;Fe-Cu-Mn(质量比1∶1∶0.05)吸收峰迅速蓝移至350—550nm区域,且吸收峰面积也逐渐减少.MS正负离子模式测得甲基橙准分子离子峰强度逐渐减小,但相应还检测到由于甲基橙分子断裂引起的逐渐变多的诸如芳香类和苯环裂解后共轭二烯物质的碎片信息.EPR检测到Fe3+、Fe2+的信号略有增加,在Fe-Cu-Mn(质量比1∶1∶0.05)中Mn2+的6条超精细结构谱峰由弱转强.这些研究表明,在Fe-Cu铁内电解中甲基橙降解的原因之一是氧化还原反应破坏发色基团,即偶氮双键的消失,引起甲基橙溶液脱色;另一原因是在微电场中,甲基橙分子断裂为更小质荷比的分子离子碎片而引起甲基橙脱色降解,这些研究结果为探索甲基橙溶液在铁内电解中脱色、降解机理提供有力的理论依据.     

噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合及其在模拟汽油脱硫中的应用

研究了噻吩在离子液体[HMIM] BF4,[BMIM] BF4和[BMIM] PF6中的电化学聚合,实验证明,噻吩在三种离子液体中均能聚合.将噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合应用于模拟汽油脱硫.结果表明:在三种离子液体中都实现了电化学脱除模拟汽油样品中的含硫物质--噻吩.对于不同的离子液体而言,脱硫的最佳电流密度不同,但噻吩的脱除效果均能达到50%-90%.     

三维电极电化学反应器组合Fenton试剂深度处理焦化废水

采用三维电极电化学反应器组合Fenton试剂法对经过二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理。在三维电极参数一定的条件下,考察了影nfi]TOC去除率的影响因素,探讨了该反应体系的降解动力学及降解机理。正交试验结果表明,反应体系中各参数的最佳值分别为p（H202投加量）=300mg·L-1,pH3．4,反应时间为90min,c（FeS04-7H20投加量）为3．5mmol·L-1,TOC去除率可达到61．7％。焦化废水的降解反应表现为一级动力学。紫外吸收光谱分析结果,废水中有机物彻底发生了降解矿化,这为三维电极组合Fenton试剂工艺在焦化废水深度处理中的工程应用提供了一定的理论指导。     

微电解对不同结构染料脱色效果的研究

采用微电解法研究了染料脱色效率与染料结构的关系.结果表明,脱色的难易程度从染料结构看,依次为偶氮型、蒽醌型＞金属络合型＞半菁阳型.在pH值为5.7-6.0,铁炭比为2:1时,处理效果最好,对100mg·l-1的摸拟染料废水处理1h后,脱色率达到90%以上.     

Fe~0对土壤中3-硝基甲苯的还原作用

研究常温常压下零价铁(ZVI或Fe0)对土壤中3-硝基甲苯(MNT)的还原作用.结果表明:零价铁能够有效地将土壤中的MNT还原为3-甲基苯胺.在MNT为2.5×10-6mol·-1,铁粉加入量为25mg·g-1,土壤初始pH值为6.8,含水量为75%,温度为25℃的条件下,反应5h后MNT的还原率可达95%.随着体系反应时间的延长,温度的升高,土壤含水量的增大和铁粉用量的增加,MNT的还原率均增大.将土壤初始pH值控制在偏酸性有利于反应的进行.     

高铁酸钾氧化降解硝基苯水溶液

采用高铁酸钾氧化降解硝基苯水溶液,研究表明,反应时间、pH值、高铁酸钾投加量、硝基苯水溶液浓度4个因素都会对硝基苯的降解效果产生影响.硝基苯水溶液浓度为55mg·l~(-1)时,初始pH=7-9,高铁酸钾投加量n_(k_2FeO_4):n_(C_6H_5NO_2)10:1,反应时间30min为最优反应条件,硝基苯去除率达到85%左右,COD_(Cr)去除率达到55%左右.通过对反应产物的分析,推测硝基苯首先被高铁酸钾氧化为对硝基苯酚,再进一步被氧化开环生成终产物.     

Fe-C-H_2O_2协同催化氧化处理印染废水

用Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化体系对印染工业废水的降解脱色处理进行了研究。对影响印染废水降解的几种因素如铁屑/碳粒质量比、双氧水的质量分数、废水pH等进行考察。试验结果表明,对于色度为650度和ρ（COD）为468mg·L-1的印染废水,在废水pH=4.8的情况下,当铁屑/碳粒质量比为25∶1、H2O2用量为150mg·L-1、催化反应30min时,印染废水的脱色率达98%以上,CODCr去除率可达78%。与Fe-C微电解法相比,Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化方法对印染废水的脱色能力和去除COD,表现出了更好的处理效果。     

垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化预处理研究

采用Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了渗滤液初始pH值、H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O投加量、H2O2/Fe2＋投加的物质的量比及氧化反应时间等对Fenton氧化处理效果的影响,获得Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件：初始pH=3.0,H2O2投加量为5.0 mL.L-1,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.48 g.L-1,H2O2/Fe2＋物质的量比为4-1,反应时间为1.5 h。最佳条件下处理后垃圾渗滤液COD为5 220 mg.L-1,COD去除率达57.8%。凝胶渗透色谱和三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中主要含有腐殖酸类大分子物质,经Fenton氧化后降解变成小分子化合物。     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.     

MnO2/H2SO4溶液同时脱硫脱硝实验

采用MnO2/H2SO4溶液作为吸收液,以Fe3+作为催化剂在自制的鼓泡反应器内,对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝的实验研究,主要考察MnO2浓度、Fe3+浓度、pH值、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度、氧含量、烟气流量等因素对SO2和NO脱除效率的影响.实验结果表明,MnO2浓度、Fe3+浓度、烟气流量、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度对脱硝率影响显著,pH值、氧含量对脱硝率影响不大.在整个实验范围内脱硫效率总是保持在98%以上,脱硝效率最高达到70.9%.     

Degradation of refractory organics in concentrated leachate by the Fenton process: Central composite design for process optimization

• 90% total COD, 95.3% inert COD and 97.2% UV₂₅₄ were removed. • High R² values (over 95%) for all responses were obtained with CCD. • Operational cost was calculated to be 0.238 €/g COD_removed for total COD removal. • Fenton oxidation was highly-efficient method for inert COD removal. • BOD₅/COD ratio of leachate concentrate raised from 0.04 to 0.4. The primary aim of this study is inert COD removal from leachate nanofiltration concentrate because of its high concentration of resistant organic pollutants. Within this framework, this study focuses on the treatability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate through Fenton oxidation and optimization of process parameters to reach the maximum pollutant removal by using response surface methodology (RSM). Initial pH, Fe²⁺ concentration, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ molar ratio and oxidation time are selected as the independent variables, whereas total COD, color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal are selected as the responses. According to the ANOVA results, the R² values of all responses are found to be over 95%. Under the optimum conditions determined by the model (pH: 3.99, Fe²⁺: 150 mmol/L, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺: 3.27 and oxidation time: 84.8 min), the maximum COD removal efficiency is determined as 91.4% by the model. The color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies are determined to be 99.9%, 97.2% and 99.5%, respectively, by the model, whereas the total COD, color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies are found respectively to be 90%, 96.5%, 95.3% and 97.2%, experimentally under the optimum operating conditions. The Fenton process improves the biodegradability of the leachate NF concentrate, increasing the BOD₅/COD ratio from the value of 0.04 to the value of 0.4. The operational cost of the process is calculated to be 0.238 €/g COD_removed. The results indicate that the Fenton oxidation process is an efficient and economical technology in improvement of the biological degradability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate and in removal of resistant organic pollutants.     

Achieving biodegradability enhancement and acute biotoxicity removal through the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using a combined internal electrolysis and ultrasonic irradiation technology

Actual pharmaceutical wastewater was treated using a combined ultrasonic irradiation (US) and iron/coke internal electrolysis (Fe/C) technology. A significant synergetic effect was observed, showing that ultrasonic irradiation dramatically enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies by internal electrolysis. The effects of primary operating factors on COD removal were evaluated systematically. Higher ultrasonic frequency and lower pH values as well as longer reaction time were favorable to COD removal. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and COD (B/C) of the wastewater increased from 0.21 to 0.32 after US-Fe/C treatment. An acute biotoxicity assay measuring the inhibition of bioluminescence indicated that the wastewater with overall toxicity of 4.3 mg-Zn²⁺·L^-1 was reduced to 0.5 mg-Zn²⁺·L^-1 after treatment. Both the raw and the treated wastewater samples were separated and identified. The types of compounds suggested that the increased biodegradability and reduced biotoxicity resulted mainly from the destruction of N,N-2 dimethyl formamide and aromatic compounds in the pharmaceutical wastewater.     

Fe（0）/H_2O_2协同降解亚甲基蓝的研究

进行了Fe（0）和H2O2协同催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究,分析了Fe（0）投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液初始pH值和染料初始质量浓度等因素的影响。研究表明：Fe（0）和H2O2协同可有效催化降解亚甲基蓝;在pH为4.5,Fe（0）用量为2.0 g.L-1,H2O2用量为3.0 mmol.L-1时对10 mg.L-1亚甲基蓝的去除率在60 min内达到90%以上。MB的降解去除率随着Fe（0）投加量与H2O2用量的增加而增加,但随着其初始质量浓度的增大而降低。研究结果还表明,Fe（0）和H2O2可在接近中性条件下有效协同催化降解亚甲基蓝。UV-Vis光谱在反应过程的变化说明亚甲基蓝降解生成了一些小分子物质。     

Optimization of electrochemical process for phenanthrene removal from aqueous medium by Taguchi

Discharge of refinery effluents containing phenanthrene (Phe) may exert carcinogenic effects on aquatic organisms. The aim of the current investigation was to investigate electrochemical removal of Phe from urban drinking water using a batch reactor. Phe removal efficiency was examined under different operating conditions including current density (1–8 mA/cm²), electrode composition materials such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), steel (AS), or zinc (Zn), pH (4–10), and duration (20–60 min). Phe concentration was determined utilizing standard techniques. Steel–Steel (AS–AS) as anode–cathode electrodes resulted in the least Phe removal (not detected), while Zn–Cu anode–cathode electrodes produced the highest Phe removal (100%) under similar experimental conditions. The increase in current density from 1 to 8 mA/cm² at optimum electrode and pH enhanced Phe removal from 56% to 100%. The rise in duration from 20 to 60 min at optimum electrode and pH increased Phe removal from 32% to 100%. These findings indicated that Phe removal efficiency was elevated with increasing current density, electrolysis time, and pH. Batch experiments indicated that the electrochemical reactor might be effective in removing Phe from drinking water.     

Al13形态分离纯化方法的初步研究

对ＳＯ＾２－４／Ｂａ＾２＋法分离提纯Ａｌ１３形态的影响因素进行了研究，实验结果表明，聚合铝浓度、ＳＯ４／Ａｌ比、Ｂａ／ＳＯ４摩尔比、以及超声反应时间对分离效果上具有较大的影响。较高浓度的聚合铝利于沉淀的形成与分离。同时选用１：１的ＳＯ４／Ａｌ与Ｂａ＾２＋的共存对形态分析不产生影响，形态鉴定结果表明，经过上述分离条件所得产物形态为Ａｌ１３。