鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级叶绿素a分布及影响因素研究

于2016年8月在鸭绿江口邻近海域采集水样,讨论了鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级Chl a含量的空间分布规律及环境影响因素。结果表明,调查海域总Chl a含量介于2.91~17.46 μg/L之间,平均含量为6.54±3.56 μg/L,表层Chl a含量高于底层。小型级（Micro）Chl a含量表、底层分布规律相近,高值区均位于河流入海口处;表层和底层微微型级（Pico）Chl a分布规律相近,含量值在河流入海口处由东北向西南逐渐降低。微型级（Nano）Chl a含量在表层高值区位于河流入海口处偏西方向,底层则呈现北低南高的分布趋势。Micro级Chl a为夏季鸭绿江口邻近海域总Chl a的主要贡献者,平均贡献率为55.10%;Pico级和Nano级Chl a平均贡献率为27.61%和17.29%。Chl a主成分分析结果表明:底层各粒级Chl a含量与各环境因子均呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;表层各粒级Chl a含量与盐度、透明度呈显著负相关,与硝酸盐（NO₃-N）、亚硝酸盐（NO₂-N）、磷酸盐（PO₄-P）、DIN、氮磷比、悬浮物浓度等呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;Micro级Chl a含量与营养盐因子相关性更显著。     

Automated micro-transfer printing with cantilevered stamps

This paper demonstrates the use of a flexible instrumented stamp to enable automated micro transfer printing as a route to large-area, deterministic assembly of microstructured device components or ‘inks’. The ability to instrument the stamp, a critical component for retrieval and placement of a micro device, to detect contact and monitor localized forces during critical events in the printing process not only allows for the development of a robust manufacturing process, but also for a unique vantage point from which to study fundamental issues and phenomena associated with adhesion and delamination of thin films from a variety of substrate materials. This paper presents basic design analysis on the requirements of the cantilevers for compatibility with a typical transfer printing environment. Off-the-shelf thin film strain gages are integrated with a thin elastomeric post as a preliminary prototype and the feasibility of transfer printing with it is demonstrated. Further, the set-up is calibrated to produce force signals for event detection and in situ diagnosis of the process.     

钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红基本物性及还原性研究

对钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红的基本物化性能和还原性能进行了研究。结果表明：粒度较粗、全铁较高铁鳞的还原性较好，适于作为优质海绵铁的原料。粒度极细、全铁高且杂质含量很低的铁红还原性也较好，适于作还原铁粉生产的原料。     

Cytoskeletal elements in the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic eubacterium lacking a cell wall. Three decades ago, a "rod", an intracellular cytoskeletal structure, was discovered that was assumed to define and stabilize the elongated cell shape. Later, by treatment with detergent, a "Triton shell" (i.e. a fraction of detergent-insoluble cell material) could be obtained, believed to contain additional cytoskeletal elements. Now, by application of a modified Triton X-100 treatment, we are able to demonstrate that M. pneumoniae possesses a cytoskeleton consisting of a blade-like rod and a peripheral lining located close to the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane, exhibiting features of a highly regular network. Attached "stalks" may support the cytoplasmic membrane. The rod was connected to the cell periphery by "spokes" and showed a defined ultrastructure. Its proximal end was found to be attached to a wheel-like complex. Fibrils extended from the proximal end of the rod into the cytoplasm.     

Photo-Akustik-Spektroskopie an festen Stoffen

A short historic introduction into the subject and the basics of the generation of a photoacoustic signal with the emphasis upon the particularities of solid samples are given. The set-up of a two-beam photoacoustic spectrometer is described. For a better understanding of the investigations of solid samples the basic theory is presented. Specially treated subjects are: the saturation effect and how to overcome it; depth profiles of thin layers as a nondestructive method used in the investigation of a green leaf and a sheet of color reversal paper; the investigation of solid solutions in a polymer matrix with the determination of the thermic data of the matrix itself, and the fluorescence quantum yield of organic dyes solved therein. Finally a summary of numerous other applications of the PAS is given.     

Environmental impact assessment taxonomy providing comprehensive coverage of midpoints,endpoints, damages,and areas of protection

Before conducting a comprehensive impact assessment, such as a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), there is a need to discuss the range of impacts which could and should be included. Up to this point of time, there has not been a comprehensive list of impacts for potential inclusion available. This research builds upon previous work which surveyed a large component of the comprehensive impact assessment field for cataloging and analysis in greater detail and then expanded it to include those midpoints, endpoints, and damages which could be covered in a more comprehensive impact assessment. In this paper, a seminal effort in the form of a meta-model is presented to facilitate an expanded discussion of the taxonomy of this field. Upon using existing models it was apparent the taxonomy needed to be structured to represent midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted levels as they relate to areas of protection for the impact assessment phase. Contrary to recent use in the LCIA field, a distinction will be made between an endpoint measure (which is more of a “count” of impacts) and a damage measure (which is a value-weighted aggregation of two or more endpoints). The authors present a representation of all four levels of impact assessment: midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted. This taxonomy was developed to include the existing impacts found in LCIA literature, and then expanded to be more comprehensive and include a larger set of impacts than are normally included within LCIA. The authors recognize this is the first of many steps necessary to capture all potential impacts that should be considered when conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment. The intent is to propose a taxonomy that would greatly facilitate the accumulation and communication of empirical and theoretical knowledge gained by offering a standard vocabulary and structure.     

Split notochord syndrome variant: prenatal findings and neonatal management

Spilt notochord syndrome is an extremely rare form of spinal dysraphism characterized by a complete cleft of the spine and a persistent communication between endoderm and ectoderm. A variant of split notochord syndrome was diagnosed in a 25-week-old fetus showing a prolapsed congenital colostomy and a spinal cystic lesion. The final diagnosis included protruding colon segment, imperforate anus with a rectourethral fistula and lipomyelomeningocele. The ultrasound features of the condition and the post-natal management are discussed. The neonate was successfully treated with a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, while the lipomyelomeningocele was resected at a later stage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GKS在国家水质管理信息系统中的应用

图形核心系统是开发图形应用软件的一组核心功能描述,它独立于设备和各种高级语言,自８０年代中期被ＩＳＯ正式批准为第一个计算机图形学国际标准以来,世界上各大计算机厂商纷纷推出ＧＫＳ不同级别的实现版本,广大用户也不断将自己的图形应用开发平台转向ＧＫＳ。本研究结合国家水质管理信息系统的需求,以ＧＫＳ为起点,完成了ＮＷＱＭＩＳ图形管理系统的设计与实施,有效地支持了其应用功能的实现。     

A methodology for CSR reporting: assuring a representative diversity of indicators across stakeholders,scales, sites and performance issues

This paper presents a framework called the CSR Deliberation Matrix for the structuring of CSR issue identification, stakeholder dialogues, indicator selection and reporting, with an overarching goal to achieve an appropriate balance between sensitivity to individual situations and the benefits of “generic” indicators applicable to a large spectrum of reporting contexts.We suggest guidelines to (1) define the full spectrum of sustainability concerns and of relevant stakeholder dialogue contexts; (2) mobilise a relevant “data bank” which provides a profile of candidate CSR indicators; (3) obtain a parsimonious selection of indicators in a site-level CSR reporting process through a stakeholder dialogue; and (4) obtain a “representative diversity” of indicators at the interface of site-level and higher-level CSR reporting contexts.     

用氟污染桑叶饲养蚕对干茧和丝质量影响的研究

研究表明,桑叶氟污染较重时,干茧和丝的质量受到危害,茧层重、粒茧量和公升茧粒等6项指标均显示干茧质量明显下降;在14项丝质量指标中除清洁度和强伸力外,均有明显氟危害影响.     

广州流溪河水库叶绿素a遥感反演研究

叶绿素a是衡量水体初级生产力和富营养化程度的一项重要指标。本研究在讨论分析反演水体叶绿素a浓度的半分析生物光学模型理论基础上,利用Landsat TM数据及中巴资源卫星02星CCD相机高分辨率数据,结合实测数据建立广州流溪河水库叶绿素a浓度的波段比值型反演模型。该模型对两个不同监测日期的叶绿素a浓度反演效果较好,拟合系数(R2)分别达到0.860和0.715,均方根误差分别为0.102μg/L和0.198μg/L。反演结果表明,流溪河水库叶绿素a浓度整体较低,均在2.0μg/L以下,空间分布在湖库区较均匀,入库支流玉溪河水域叶绿素a浓度略高于湖库区。     

Allocation of GHG emissions in combined heat and power systems: a new proposal for considering inefficiencies of the system

The paper industry is responsible for a considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly due to its intensive energy requirements. The production of heat and power streams in a cogeneration system, i.e., a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, releases considerable amounts of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. Such emissions are already subjected to legislation globally. The amount of GHG emissions is usually calculated from the product of the total amount of energy activity multiplied by an emission factor. However, each energy output stream should get a share of emissions responsibility. This fact could assist in assigning weights to the emissions generated for power and thermal purposes in a combined heat and power plant. However, developing a suitable method of allocating emissions in a cogeneration system is still a concern and a subject research for scientists, companies and policy makers. This paper exposes and evaluates different published allocation methods and applies them to a real case of a combined heat and power plant integrated in a paper mill and proposes a new allocation method.     

石羊河流域1959年至2008年风速变化特征分析

利用线性拟合、Mann—Kendall方法、小波分析对石羊河流域五个测站空间平均的近50年来的逐日风速资料进行了倾向、周期、突变等特性分析。研究结果表明：1959年至2008年间,整个石羊河流域风速呈减小趋势,变化率约为-0．004m／（s．a）．而上游风速呈现明显的上升趋势。四个季节中冬季风速降低速度最大,而夏季风速呈现上升趋势。风速的长期变化还具有一定的突变性,年平均风速在1988年出现了由高到低的突变,表明风速开始下降。复值Morlet小波分析的结果显示,风速变化存在6a、13a、19a、25a四个峰值。其中19a的时间尺度为第一主周期。     

清江水布垭水库水环境容量计算

结合清江水布垭库区水文监测资料,水功能区划,采用相关的水环境容量计算模型,测算了清江水布垭库区的理论水环境容量,进而计算了其有效水环境容量,结果表明：清江流域水布垭库区的理论水环境容量分别为：COD58782．8t／a,NH3-N1598．8t／a,TN2763．5t／a,TP1381．8t／a。有效水环境容量分别为：COD45715．4t／a,NH3-N1359t／a,TP2349t／a,TN1174．5t／a。     

Water tank experiment of gas diffusion from a stack in stably and unstably stratified layers under calm conditions

Water tank experiments were conducted to investigate plume rrise and diffusion of gases discharged from a stack under calm conditions with stable and unstable thermal stratifications.First, tracer liquid with fluorescent dye and salt was emitted from a model of a stack in a stably stratified layer and the behavior of a plume was recorded by video camera. Using these results. we obtained formulae for plume rise height, and horizontal and vertical width of a plume as a function of thedensimetric Froude number, stability ratio and time.After the completion of these experiments under stable conditions, an unstably stratified layer was developed from a ground surface by heating a floor and the resulting concentration distribution was measured with electric conductivity probes. Using these results, we analyzed the height of the convection layer and concentration distribution as a function of the overall Richardson number and time.     

An approximate model of atmospheric plumes produced by large area fires

We develop a simple analytical model to estimate the thickness of a smoke layer formed by a plume of a large area fire and to account for crosswinds. We take advantage of the dominant flow features in the upper part of the rising plume and in the smoke layer far from the plume to model the transition of a vertical flow to a horizontally spread thin smoke (or dust) layer. A one-dimensional approximation is used to model the buoyancy decay and plume overshoot. That solution is matched and combined with a solution based on the work required to establish our asymptotic horizontal smoke layer. The solution estimates the thickness of the spreading smoke layer in a quiescent atmosphere or in an ambient wind field.     

The application of three-mode factor analysis (TMFA) to receptor modeling of SCENES particle data

In the previous applications of eigenvector mathematical methods such as factor analysis, principal components analysis, and empirical orthogonal function analysis, the analysis has been made on a two-dimensional set of data. These data sets could be the chemical composition of a series of particle samples taken at a single location over time or the concentration of a single species measured over multiple locations at multiple times. However, there have not been methods previously available to examine a data set of chemical compositions measured at multiple sites over a series of sampling time intervals. Three-mode factor analysis permits the reduction of a three-dimensional data set into three two-dimensional matrices and a three-dimensional core matrix that presents how the system variance is partitioned among the three modes (chemical specie, location and time). The technique will be illustrated with data from the SCENES program that is measuring particle compositions at a number of sites in the southwestern United States.     

Interpolation of the wind field in a terrain following coordinate system over complex topography

In mesoscale modelling of the atmosphere and in dispersion calculations often a terrain following, and therefore nonrectangular, coordinate system is used. In this paper the following questions are handled in a unified scheme: interpolation on such a nonrectangular grid, definition of the boundaries of a single cell and calculation of its volume. The interpolation is done in a boundary-following way and results in a rational interpolation formula. For comparison, two classical interpolation methods are briefly reviewed.     

Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in peroxynitrite/Fe(III) porphyrin system

The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compared, and the results showed that the peroxynitrite/T(p-Cl)PPFeCl system was the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B[a]P. We analyzed the B[a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B[a]P induced by peroxynitrite.     

Providing the evidence base for environmental risk assessments of novel farm management practices

An environmental risk assessment of a new agricultural management practice depends upon the provision of empirical evidence of cause and effect. This will invariably be derived from comparative experiments testing the null hypothesis that a change in management will have no effect on an assessment endpoint (the metric on which policy decisions will be based). Crucial to the design of these experiments is the answer to the question of ‘what to measure?’. The selection of these measurement endpoints and the design of sampling protocols will be determined by the properties of the environmental stressors associated with the change in management practice and the taxa that are exposed to their effects, as well as logistic and financial considerations. The rationale for deciding what to measure in the context of these various criteria is reviewed. For a measurement endpoint to be a valid indicator of the risk of a negative impact of management on the assessment endpoint, a predictable and quantifiable link must be made between the two. It should also be recorded at the appropriate taxonomic resolution to safely assume that all the constituent parts will both respond in a similar way to the management stressor and have a similar effect on the assessment endpoint. Protocols must be designed with the spatial and temporal properties of the management stressor and the measurement endpoint in mind and a consideration of the statistical power of the experiment to detect changes. Where there is a lag in the response time of a measurement endpoint to a stressor due to inertia in the system, an accurate measurement of the effect of the novel management may require experiments running over several years. Throughout, care must be taken that the statistical and biological validity of a sampling regime is not compromised in the face of logistic and financial pressures. The Farm Scale Evaluations of the management of Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant crops are presented as a case study to illustrate the concepts discussed.