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不同类型机动车尾气挥发性有机化合物排放特征研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
机动车尾气主要成分包括一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物、铅及苯并[a]芘等.其中,挥发性有机化合物由于其对光化学烟雾的贡献及对人体健康的影响而成为近年来大气化学研究的热点.文章首次对北京市9种车辆、5种燃料在不同工况下排放挥发性有机化合物特征进行了定量研究.结果表明,车型、燃料、净化器及工况等因素对排放量产生影响,电喷车比化油器车排放低,其中,夏利比富康与奥迪排放量高;LPG与汽油车排放量最高,柴油车与CNG车排放最低.其中,-10#柴油车比0#柴油车排放更低;使用净化器可以降低挥发性有机化合物排放量;不同工况对排放量的影响随车型、燃料类型的不同而不同.因此,使用清洁燃料、安装净化器和使用电喷装置,可减少尾气中挥发性有机化合物含量. 相似文献
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SUMMA罐采样-GC/MS法测定吸烟室内空气中挥发性有机物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用空气预浓缩与气相色谱/质谱联用技术对空气中59种痕量挥发性有机化合物进行定性与定量分析,应用研究的技术对吸烟室烟草空气中的挥发性有机物成分定性解析,对59种常见挥发性有机污染物定量检测.室内环境烟草空气中检出多种挥发性有机污染物,主要有烯烃、烷烃、苯系物等有害成分,不仅对被动吸烟人群造成危害,同时也影响大气环境质量... 相似文献
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通过对浸渍纸层压木质地板、实木地板、实木复合地板、竹地板、胶合板、细木工板6种共39个人造板材中的挥发性有机物进行定性研究,确定了家用人造板材制品释放的主要挥发性有机物种类,以及人造板材制品中芳香族化合物的主要来源.通过对5间购入新家具的室内环境空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)的定量分析,确定了人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物的污染水平.研究表明,人造板材释放的挥发性有机化合物以烯烃、芳香族、酯类化合物为主,其中芳香族化合物主要来源于胶合板和细木工板,室内人造板材制品的使用可以使室内环境空气中挥发性有机化合物的质量浓度显著提高. 相似文献
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涂料中挥发性有机化合物对建筑室内的环境污染 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
介绍了醇酸调和漆、防锈漆和清漆3种涂料中挥发性有机化合物对建筑物室内的环境污染,并利用静态释放气体试验法,研究了3种涂料释放挥发性有机化合物的规律。 相似文献
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空气中挥发性有机化合物的采样及分析方法进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
空气中挥发性有机化合物的采样及分析方法进展①徐东群崔九思(中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所,北京100021)挥发性有机化合物(以下简称VOCS)是指沸点范围在50-260℃的化合物,这类化合物普遍存在于室内外空气中,且室内空气中的浓度明显高于室外。... 相似文献
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嘉善夏季典型时段大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势及来源解析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2016年8—9月对长三角南部区域嘉善的大气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)变化特征、臭氧生成潜势、臭氧生成控制敏感性和来源进行了研究。结果表明,观测期间VOCs总平均值为27.3×10-9,表现为烷烃卤代烃含氧有机物芳香烃烯烃炔烃;VOCs浓度变化较大,早晚出现峰值,与风速呈负相关的关系,与温度没有明显相关性。VOCs的臭氧生成潜势表现为芳香烃烯烃烷烃含氧有机物卤代烃炔烃。甲苯等10种物质对臭氧生成潜势的贡献达到63%。夏季典型时段臭氧生成对VOCs较敏感,属于VOCs控制区。观测期间测得对VOCs浓度贡献较大的物种来源于溶剂涂料和工业排放。 相似文献
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对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。 相似文献
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分析了在当前履约压力下环境监测的薄弱与不足之处,提出了拓展环境空气监测内容,将生态调查和多样性监测纳入常规体系,推进有机监测技术发展,加大多边合作与联合监测的发展思路. 相似文献
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为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。 相似文献
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J.F. Paul C.J. Strobel B.D. Melzian J.A. Kiddon J.S. Latimer D.E. Campbell D.J. Cobb 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,51(1-2):269-284
The U.S. EPA has prepared a State of the Region Report for Mid-Atlantic Estuaries to increase knowledge of environmental condition for improved environmental management. Sources of information included the National Estuary Programs, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the state monitoring programs in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, Federal programs such as National Status & Trends, National Shellfish Register, National Wetlands Inventory, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, and other primary literature sources. The state of the estuarine environment was summarized using indicators for water and sediment quality, habitat change, condition of living resources, and aesthetic quality. Each indicator was briefly discussed relative to its importance in understanding estuarine condition. Wherever possible, data from multiple programs were used to depict condition. Finally, an overall evaluation of estuarine condition in the region was determined. The usefulness of monitoring programs that collect consistent information with a well-defined sampling design cannot be overemphasized. 相似文献
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Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991–1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25±6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14±7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination. 相似文献
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Ibáñez R Condit R Angehr G Aguilar S García T Martínez R Sanjur A Stallard R Wright SJ Rand AS Heckadon S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,80(1):65-95
In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama's Environmental Authority, with support fromthe United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baselineindicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the2790 km2 watershed had 1570 km2 of forest in 1997, 1080 km2 of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km2 of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its managementstatus after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitorforest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant specieswere identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. Forestsof the wetter upper reaches of the watershed are distinct in species composition from the Canal corridor, and have considerably higher diversity and many unknown species. Theseremote areas are extensively forested, poorly explored, and harbor an estimated 1400–2200 woody species. Vertebrate monitoring programs were also initiated, focusing on species threatened by hunting and forest fragmentation. Large mammals are heavily hunted in most forests of Canal corridor, and therewas clear evidence that mammal density is greatly reduced in hunted areas and that this affects seed predation and dispersal. The human population of the watershed was 113 000 in 1990, and grew by nearly 4% per year from 1980 to 1990. Much of this growth was in a small region of the watershed on the outskirts of Panama City, but even rural areas, including villages near and within national parks, grew by 2% per year. There is no sewage treatment in the watershed, and many towns have no trashcollection, thus streams near large towns are heavily polluted. Analyses of sediment loads in rivers throughout the watershed did not indicate that erosion has been increasing as a result ofdeforestation, rather, erosion seems to be driven largely by total rainfall and heavy rainfall events that cause landslides.Still, models suggest that large-scale deforestation would increase landslide frequency, and failure to detect increases inerosion could be due to the gradual deforestation rate and the short time period over which data are available. A study of runoff showed deforestation increased the amount of water fromrainfall that passed directly into streams. As a result, dry season flow was reduced in a deforested catchment relative to aforested one. Currently, the Panama Canal watershed has extensive forest areasand streams relatively unaffected by humans. But impacts of hunting and pollution near towns are clear, and the burgeoningpopulation will exacerbate these impacts in the next few decades.Changes in policies regarding forest protection and pollution control are necessary. 相似文献
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Palma C Valença M Pestana da Silva P Biscaya JL 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(5):512-516
As part of the monitoring program from Instituto Hidrográfico, since 1981 sediment and water samples have been collected from four different estuarine areas located along the continental coast of Portugal. The concentrations of different parameters were measured in the water and sediment samples. After normalization, the concentrations of chromium, mercury, lead and zinc in the sediments from the different areas were compared. 相似文献