共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
A comparative study of water pollution emissions of pulp and paper companies for the period 1978–1983 indicates a reduction in emissions for most firms. This improvement in pollution performance is attributed to the federal government's water pollution policy. Although there is an overall decline in water pollution, some firms have actually increased their emissions. Furthermore, there is still a wide disparity in each company's performance, although the differences are narrowing. 相似文献
2.
Roy E. Rickson Charles E. Ramsey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(1):89-97
ABSTRACT: Adoption, maintenance, and operation of pollution control technology by manufacturing firms is essential to effective water resource management. In this study of 102 industries, we find that company adoption of pollution control technology and practices is primarily associated with two factors: (1) the overall company capacity for innovation in its production technology; and (2) company relationships with state and federal pollution control agencies, local government officials and professionals. Managerial attitudes about pollution and government regulation are not associated with either pollution control or commercial innovation, but are seen as basic to industry-government relationships. The data suggest an important regulatory dilemma, the problem of regulating a large number of small companies with a low capacity for innovation, but which when taken together account for large volumes of toxic effluent. 相似文献
3.
4.
Sources of water pollution and evolution of water quality in the Wuwei basin of Shiyang river, Northwest China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Based on surveys and chemical analyses, we performed a case study of the surface water and groundwater quality in the Wuwei basin, in order to understand the sources of water pollution and the evolution of water quality in Shiyang river. Concentrations of major chemical elements in the surface water were related to the distance downstream from the source of the river, with surface water in the upstream reaches of good quality, but the river from Wuwei city to the Hongya reservoir was seriously polluted, with a synthetic pollution index of 25. Groundwater quality was generally good in the piedmont with dominant bicarbonate and calcium ions, but salinity was high and nitrate pollution occurs in the northern part of the basin. Mineralization of the groundwater has changed rapidly during the past 20 years. There are 23 wastewater outlets that discharge a total of 22.4 x 10(6)m(3)y(-1) into the river from Wuwei city, which, combined with a reduction of inflow water, were found to be the major causes of water pollution. Development of fisheries in the Hongya reservoir since 2000 has also contributed to the pollution. The consumption of water must be decreased until it reaches the sustainable level permitted by the available resources in the whole basin, and discharge of wastes must also be drastically reduced. 相似文献
5.
Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution Through Collaboration: Policies and Programs Across the U.S. States 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has emerged as the largest threat to water quality in the United States, influencing policy
makers and resource managers to direct more attention toward NPS prevention and remediation. In response, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) spent more than $204 million in fiscal year (FY) 2006 on the Clean Water Act’s Section
319 program to combat NPS pollution, much of it on the development and implementation of watershed-based plans. State governments
have also increasingly allocated financial and technical resources to collaborative watershed efforts within their own borders
to fight NPS pollution. With increased collaboration among the federal government, states, and citizens to combat NPS pollution,
more information is needed to understand how public resources are being used, by whom, and for what, and what policy changes
might improve effectiveness. Analysis from a 50-state study suggests that, in addition to the average 35% of all Section 319
funds per state that are passed on to collaborative watershed groups, 35 states have provided financial assistance beyond
Section 319 funding to support collaborative watershed initiatives. State programs frequently provide technical assistance
and training, in addition to financial resources, to encourage collaborative partnerships. Such assistance is typically granted
in exchange for requirements to generate a watershed action plan and/or follow a mutually agreed upon work plan to address
NPS pollution. Program managers indicated a need for greater fiscal resources and flexibility to achieve water quality goals. 相似文献
6.
沱江水质污染特征及防治对策 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文以沱江水质监测资料为依据,揭示了沱江水质污染特征及其时空变化视律。针对沱江存在的水环境问题,从宏观上提出了防治水质污染的对策。 相似文献
7.
四川升钟水库水质评价及污染负荷分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选取高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)4项监测指标,采用单因干评价法、综合污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法、模糊综合评价法及水质标识指数法对升钟水库2004~2010年水污染特征进行分析与评价,结果表明:水质标识指数法比较适合升钟水库水体富营养化评价;单因子水质标识指数显示,水库主要污染物为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP),基本呈现富营养状态;2008年水质最差,2010年水质达到Ⅱ类标准;7年Iwq的平均值Ave(Iwq)=3.393,Ave(Iwq)未达到国家Ⅱ类水质标准。近7年综合水质标识指数(Iwq)在不同时点上具有高-低演化规律,总体趋向好转。通过计算2006年N、P污染负荷,TN、TP入库主要源于水产养殖,其贡献率分别为:55%、82%,升钟水库TN、TP是合理容量的1.97~2.32倍。应严格控制水库网箱肥水养殖。研究结果对指导升钟水库水污染防治与水资源管理具有重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
Stephen M. Barrager 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(4):759-765
ABSTRACT: A case study is used to demonstrate a methodology for measuring the residential property value benefit of water pollution abatement. Increases in the value of single-family homes attributable to improvement in the water quality of the nearby Willamette River (Clackamas County, Oregon) were measured using a regression analysis technique. Sales prices and tax assessment data were used to estimate the change in property values coincident with the changes in water quality. The percentage increase in property value due to pollution abatement is expressed as a function of the distance between properties and the river bank. 相似文献
9.
Andrew Charles Gross 《Environmental management》1986,10(1):25-39
This article analyzes water quality on a global scale. An overview of the global water supply and demand situation is presented first, including regional and country information, as well as data on selected water use patterns. The focus then shifts to a discussion of water pollution, its various causes, impact, and remedies, with emphasis on legal and administrative solutions. Water pollution control expenditures and the resultant achievements are dealt with in the final third of the article, with projections to 1995. A wide variety of published sources was dovetailed to obtain a composite picture and most likely scenario; this was supplemented with primary interviews by the author conducted in North America, Western and Eastern Europe, and Oceania at the start of the 1980s. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
府河双流段水污染现状及控制对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对府河双流段九三年至九八年连续六年的水质监测数据进行了总结,分析了府河双流段水质污染的现状和特点。提出了控制府河双流段水污染的对策建议。 相似文献
13.
14.
现今,我国水环境整体情况仍不容乐观,相较于大气污染而言,水污染形势也更为严峻紧迫。水环境关乎着人们的切身利益,与居民的健康和社会稳定紧密勾连,相关的新闻也深刻地反映着社会大众关注的焦点与痛点。拟从获取的数据入手,对以“长江水污染”为议题的新闻报道进行系统地研究分析,从而探讨当前水环境污染新闻报道的潜在问题,并对此提出一些对策与建议。厘清水环境污染新闻报道的现状,把握水环境污染报道存在的问题,对于新闻报道发挥影响力和推动水污染问题的解决具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
水污染防治规划理论方法综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国的水污染防治规划工作起于20世纪70年代,经过几十年的发展,目前已初成体系,一些成熟的规划方法得到了较为广泛的应用。然而传统方法本身的缺陷、水环境新问题的提出、计算机技术的发展都要求和促使更多新理论方法应用到实践中来。本文在回顾我国水污染防治规划的发展历程和现有规划方法的基础上,对水污染防治规划理论方法的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
16.
以水污染灾害为研究对象,从水污染驱动力、污染状态、人类响应3个方面构建水污染灾害综合防治能力评价指标体系,运用物元可拓评价模型,使用熵权法确定权重,计算出环太湖地区的综合关联度并进行分析,结果表明:2014~2018年环太湖地区水污染灾害综合防治能力总体上在不断提升,综合防治能力最好的为无锡,其次为常州、苏州和湖州,嘉兴最差,但湖州综合防治能力有下降的趋势,水污染灾害风险加大;环太湖地区都存在人口密度高、水产养殖规模大和酸雨发生率高等问题,水污染灾害防治压力重;在社会环境宜居、经济发达和控源治污的基础上,通过增加相关项目资金的投入、强化监管和预警能力,才能从本质上提升水污染灾害综合防治能力。 相似文献
17.
水体重金属污染的生态效应及生物监测 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
重金属污染是水体污染的一个重要方面,随着工业的发展和人口的不断增加,水体重金属污染已经成为全球的环境问题。本文主要介绍了水体重金属的污染现状以及对水生植物、水生动物和人体健康的危害,并探讨运用生物的敏感性来监测水体重金属污染的可行性,生物监测水体重金属污染有很好的发展前景。 相似文献
18.
Centner TJ 《Environmental management》2001,28(5):599-609
Due to concentrations of animals at large facilities, animal feeding operations (AFOs) have emerged as a major potential source
of water pollution. The federal government regulates concentrated animal feeding operations under its point-source pollution
permitting regulations. A major determinant of whether an operation must apply for a permit is the number of animals at an
individual lot or facility. This paper examines federal mandatory controls and voluntary guidelines that seek to reduce contaminant
pollution from AFOs. Land treatment practices are delineated due to their importance in reducing the injurious by-products
of agricultural production. An evaluation of proposed revisions to federal regulations on confined animal feeding operations
suggests they diverge from their goal of controlling water pollution. Federal regulations focus on the size of operation and
amount of manure governed by the permitting process to the exclusion of other criteria related to the impairment of water
quality. Given the uncertainties about the amount of pollution from AFOs, lack of enforcement of existing regulations, localization
of problems, and possible alternatives for addressing the pollution, more demanding federal regulations may not form an appropriate
response. 相似文献
19.
20.
Robert Staib 《Environmental management》1998,22(3):393-406
/ This paper describes a model of the social and institutional processes involved in the solution of major pollution problems from the time they are first identified until they are resolved. The model is empirically demonstrated using four case studies of water and air pollution problems from Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Each process of the model is quantified by the use of an indicator, e.g., number of articles in newspapers to measure the process "publicconcern," number of pages of text devoted to parliamentary debates to measure the process "political action." The case study data are presented on a time-line graph that shows the duration and magnitude of each process. The paper illustrates three aspects of the solution of major pollution problems: the long time frames involved, the importance of public opinion in initiating the solution process, and the partial nature of solutions-problems may be politically resolved but often a complete solution is not achieved. An understanding of social and institutional processes and time frames will enable planners and policy makers to communicate to the public and politicians the consequences of delay in acting to solve pollution and to direct attention to critical areas to expedite solutions.KEY WORDS: Pollution problems; Management process model; Performance indicators; Air pollution; Water pollution 相似文献