校园学生群体食物汞暴露现状及风险评价——以天津大学为例

通过测定校园学生主要食物中(包括主食、鱼类、肉类、蔬菜等)总汞和甲基汞浓度,同时采集志愿者头发作为生物指示物,结合外暴露和内暴露数据系统评估学生群体的汞暴露风险.校园食堂食物总汞浓度范围为0.57~207.50ng/g(以湿重计),甲基汞浓度范围为0.06~49.20ng/g(以湿重计),与已有研究相比处于较低水平.不同食物中汞浓度水平存在显著差异,如水产品中总汞和甲基汞浓度均比其他食物要高.所调查人发中总汞浓度为0.03~0.77 μg/g,甲基汞浓度为0.02~0.67 μg/g,男性发汞浓度要显著高于女性.人体汞浓度与个人饮食习惯存在一定联系,水产品食用频次较高的人群中发汞浓度也相对较高.男性学生总汞摄入量约为9200ng/d,女性约为7500ng/d.总汞摄入主要通过主食摄入,而甲基汞则主要通过水产品摄入.根据现行人群汞摄入风险评价标准,本研究中校园人群汞暴露风险较低,但水产品食用频次增加仍可能造成大量的汞摄入.     

污灌区稻田汞污染特征及健康风险评价

选择天津北排污河灌区作为研究区域,调查了土壤和水稻总汞和甲基汞的含量及分布特征,评估污灌区稻米食用汞暴露风险,并对污灌区土壤-稻米甲基汞的影响因素进行了初步分析.结果表明,1.调查的29个污灌区稻田,土壤总汞含量为(367.04 ± 129.36) μg/kg,显著高于区域土壤Hg背景值73 μg/kg,甲基汞含量为(0.87 ± 0.77) μg/kg;水稻各部位总汞含量依次为稻叶 > 稻根 > 稻茎 > 稻米,稻米总汞含量为(12.80 ± 5.14) μg/kg,甲基汞含量依次为稻米 > 稻根 > 稻茎 > 稻叶,稻米对甲基汞具有很强的富集能力,甲基汞含量为(2.09 ± 1.20) μg/kg,甲基化率均值超过10%.污灌区稻米总汞每周摄入量为0.068~1.25μg/(kg·bw),甲基汞每周摄入量为0.0095~0.49μg/(kg·bw),污灌区稻米总汞及甲基汞暴露对居民健康风险总体仍在安全阈值内,但个别汞污染较严重地块甲基汞暴露风险值得高度关注.土壤甲基汞含量仅与土壤总汞含量及黏粒含量的相关性达到显著性水平,稻米甲基汞含量与土壤总汞含量、土壤甲基汞含量、稻米总汞含量及黏粒含量的相关性达到显著性水平.     

贵州省典型铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞暴露及健康风险模型预测评估

汞是铅锌矿石的常见伴生元素,铅锌冶炼活动会给当地居民带来潜在汞暴露风险.为了解铅锌矿区居民血液汞暴露及健康风险,选择贵州省赫章县为研究区域,以贵阳市为对照区,分别采集居民血液样品418和118份,利用冷原子荧光法测定其总汞和甲基汞含量,结合年龄和性别分析血液总汞与甲基汞含量特征,估算育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量并进行甲基汞暴露致新生儿IQ（智商）损失评估,利用单区室PBPK（生理药代动力学）模型预测居民甲基汞ADI（日均摄入量）.结果表明:①铅锌矿区（赫章县）和对照区居民血液总汞含量几何均值分别为（3.11±5.05）和（1.83±1.19）μg/L,范围分别为0.63~54.26和0.46~11.88 μg/L,分别有21.5%和0.85%的血液样本总汞含量超过人体血液总汞安全限值（5.8 μg/L）.②铅锌矿区成年居民和0~6岁儿童血液总汞含量分别为（2.80±3.85）和（2.49±2.08）μg/L,分别有77和7人血液总汞含量超过5.8 μg/L,超标率分别为24.37%和10.61%,存在潜在总汞暴露风险.③斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示,铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞含量分别与年龄（R=0.108,P < 0.05）和性别（R=-0.185,P < 0.05）相关,老年人较其他年龄段人群总汞暴露的风险更高,其血液总汞含量达（5.29±5.03）μg/L;男性血液甲基汞含量〔（0.24±0.32）μg/L〕高于女性〔（0.18±0.22）μg/L〕.④蒙特卡洛模型模拟结果显示,铅锌矿区和对照区育龄妇女头发甲基汞平均含量分别为（0.07±0.11）和（0.11±0.13）mg/kg,范围分别为0~11.81和0~5.74 mg/kg,其中铅锌矿区2.27%的育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量超过发汞临界值（0.58 mg/kg）,导致IQ评分为70~70.18分范围内的约0.05%的婴儿从IQ正常转变为MMR（轻度智力低下）.⑤单区室PBPK模型预测表明,铅锌矿区和对照区居民甲基汞日均摄入量分别为（0.005±0.006）和（0.007±0.008）μg/kg,分别有0.082%和0.013%的居民甲基汞日均摄入量超过RfD（参考剂量值,0.1 μg/kg）.研究显示:铅锌矿区成年居民和0~6岁儿童血液总汞含量高于国内其他地区,男性血液甲基汞含量明显高于女性;铅锌矿区约2.27%的育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量超过发汞临界值,可致IQ评分在70~70.18分范围内的约0.05%的婴儿从智力正常转变为MMR;铅锌矿区居民甲基汞非致癌风险高于对照区.      

Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China

Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0 106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.     

贵州某典型汞矿区流域水稻中总汞和甲基汞含量及暴露风险

鉴于流域尺度内水稻植株不同组织中总汞和甲基汞含量及人群进食稻米的汞暴露风险研究较少,系统采集了贵州省铜仁市受万山废弃汞矿影响的瓦屋河流域内水稻植株及对应根际土壤样品,分析水稻植株不同组织中的w(总汞)、w(甲基汞)及其影响因素,以及流域内人群食用稻米的汞暴露风险.结果表明:瓦屋河流域水稻精米中w(总汞)平均值为(14.2±7.0)μg/kg(范围为4.1～34.0 μg/kg,n=24),精米中w(甲基汞)平均值为(7.229±3.957)μg/kg(范围为1.974～17.364 μg/kg,n=24).精米中w(总汞)与水稻茎、叶中w(总汞)均呈较显著正相关(R=0.531,P＜0.01;R=0.499,P＜0.05),精米中w(甲基汞)与水稻根、茎中w(甲基汞)也均呈显著正相关(R=0.525,P＜0.01;R=0.612,P＜0.01);w(总汞)、w(甲基汞)均与土壤理化参数存在一定正相关关系,并均与距污染源距离呈负相关.根据精米中w(甲基汞)平均值,并按照US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)推荐的甲基汞日暴露量(ID)和危害指数(HI)的评估方法计算的瓦屋河流域居民甲基汞日暴露量为(0.075±0.041)μg/(kg·d),低于较为严厉的US EPA推荐的甲基汞日安全摄入量(RfD),危害指数为0.75.从平均状况来看,人体摄入该地区生产的精米相对较为安全.      

三峡库区消落带沉积物对鱼体富集汞的影响

水体环境中的汞（Hg）容易被鱼体富集.为了研究三峡库区消落带沉积物对鱼体Hg含量的影响,采用不同Hg含量的消落带沉积物进行了为期90 d的模拟淹水实验.结果表明沉积物淹水后,水体总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）含量显著增加,鱼体肌肉中THg和MeHg含量不断增加,而内脏和头部中THg和MeHg含量前期不断增加,后期则有轻微减小的趋势.肌肉对Hg的富集量大于内脏和头部,后两者的富集量没有显著性差异.与对照组（无沉积物）相比沉积物的存在明显增加了鱼体富集Hg的量,而且当沉积物中Hg含量较高时,鱼体对Hg的富集量也显著增加.鱼体各部位THg和MeHg含量变化曲线高度相似,各部位对MeHg的富集系数（bioaccumulation factors,BCF）在1.93×10⁵~8.89×10⁵之间,对无机Hg的BCF在1.3×10³~12.8×10³之间,表明鱼体所富集的Hg形态上主要为MeHg.鱼体各部位MeHg和THg含量均为极显著相关,线性回归方程表明,在富集Hg的量中,MeHg占THg比例分别为：肌肉80.1%、内脏79.3%、头部66.7%.消落带沉积物再淹水后会发生一定程度的净甲基化现象产生MeHg,由于扩散作用使水体MeHg浓度在一段时间内升高,这导致了鱼体对Hg的富集量增加.因此对三峡库区大面积消落带可能存在的Hg污染风险不可忽视.     

海河干流水产品汞污染特征及摄入风险评估

通过现场实地采样和实验测定分析了天津市海河干流水产品中汞含量水平及食用人群的暴露风险.结果表明,海河淡水水产品中甲基汞和总汞的含量(以湿重计)分别为42.51 ng·g~(-1)和77.31 ng·g~(-1),甲基汞是水生生物中汞的最主要存在形式,且与鱼体中总汞含量水平显著相关.鱼体在不同器官中和不同养殖方式下的汞含量水平差异显著.海河淡水鱼类和底栖动物的甲基汞富集系数(BCF)分别为1.00×105m L·g~(-1)和4.23×104m L·g~(-1),与总汞相比,甲基汞具有更强的生物富集特性.海河淡水生物生物链中的甲基汞和总汞营养级放大系数分别为1.38和1.36.水产品中的甲基汞和总汞含量最大允许含量均低于我国国家标准限定值,但同时应该注意,以海河淡水野生鱼类为食的儿童,汞摄入风险相对较高,其总汞和甲基汞摄入量分别达到154.07 ng·(kg·d)~(-1)和81.11 ng·(kg·d)~(-1).     

汞在酸性紫色水稻土的转化与水稻汞富集特征

采用盆栽模拟试验,对汞(Hg)及甲基汞(MeHg)在酸性紫色水稻土中不同水稻生长期的动态变化进行了研究,并分析对比了总汞(THg)和MeHg在水稻体中的富集特征.结果表明:在水稻生长期间,土壤总汞含量变化较小,MeHg含量随时间增加而增加,土壤MeHg/THg值的变化趋势和土壤中MeHg含量变化一致.完熟期THg在水稻中植株的分布状况为:根籽粒茎叶穗壳,MeHg的分布为:籽粒根茎叶穗壳.水稻植株中MeHg/THg均值为24.03%,大于土壤均值3.05%,说明水稻植株中具有较强的MeHg累积能力.在水稻生长周期内,水稻体内MeHg富集系数均值为8.16,远大于THg富集系数的均值2.31,且籽粒中的MeHg富集系数大于根、茎、叶,说明水稻对MeHg的富集能力强于THg,且籽粒更易于富集MeHg.水稻体内的MeHg的转移系数大于THg,且籽粒中MeHg的转移系数大于1,进一步说明MeHg比THg更易在水稻体内转移.     

Assessing the factors impacting the bioaccessibility of mercury (Hg) in rice consumption by an in-vitro method

Mercury (Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury (MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury (THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica- and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors (rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors (i.e., Hg forms).     

Ant colonization increased total mercury but reduced methylmercury contents in boreal mires, Northeast China

Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury (Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with climate warming, however, its impacts on Hg cycle remained poorly understood. We compared total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contents in soils from antmounds (Lasius flavus) and the nearby ambient in a boreal mire in Northeast China. The present work seeks to unravel factors that controlling MeHg levels in case of ant appearance or absence. The average THg was 179 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 106.1 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The average MeHg was 10.9 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 12.9 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The ratios of MeHg to THg (%MeHg) were 7.61% in ant mounds and 16.75% in nearby soils, respectively. Ant colonization caused THg enrichment and MeHg depletion, and this change was obvious in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer where ants mainly inhabited. Spectrometry characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) exert a stronger control than microorganisms on MeHg variation in soils. A structural equation model revealed that the molecular weight of DOM inhibited MeHg irrespective of ant presence or absence, while humification conducive to MeHg significantly in ant mound soils. Microorganisms mainly affected Hg methylation by altering the molecular weight and humification of DOM. We propose that the effects of ant colonization on MeHg rested on DOM feature variations caused by microorganisms in boreal mires.     

Distribution characteristics of total mercury and methylmercury in the topsoil and dust of Xiamen, China

The levels and distribution of mercury (Hg) species, including total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the topsoil and dust collected from twenty sampling stations located in di erent land function areas of Xiamen, China, were investigated. The THg concentrations in topsoil ranged from 0.071 to 1.2 mg/kg, and in dust ranged from of 0.034 to 1.4 mg/kg. For stations where the THg of dust was less than 0.31 mg/kg, THg concentrations in the topsoil were significantly correlated to those in the corresponding dust (r = 0.597, n = 16, P = 0.014). The MeHg concentrations in topsoil were varied between 0.14 and 5.7 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the topsoil ranged from 0.069% to 0.74%. The range of MeHg concentration in the dust were 0.092–2.3 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the dust were at the same level as those in the topsoil. The MeHg concentrations in both topsoil and dust were linked to corresponding THg concentrations and soil organic matter. Neither THg nor MeHg concentration in the topsoil and dust was obviously linked to the land function.     

Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau

As a global pollutant, high levels of mercury (Hg) have been found in remote ecosystem due to the long range atmospheric transport. In this study, a total of 60 fish samples were collected from four rivers across the Tibetan Plateau to study the accumulation of Hg in remote and high-altitude aquatic environment. The total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in fish muscles ranged from 11 to 2097 ng/g dry weight (dw) (average: 819 ng/g dw) and from 14 to 1960 ng/g dw (average: 756 ng/g dw), respectively. Significantly positive linear relationships were observed between the THg (r = 0.591, p < 0.01, n = 36) and MeHg concentrations (r = 0.473, p < 0.01, n = 36) with the trophic level of fish from Lhasa River, suggesting trophic transfer and biomagnification of Hg in this aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, the THg levels in fish had significantly positive correlations with the length (r = 0.316, p < 0.05, n = 60) and weight (r = 0.271, p < 0.05, n = 60) of fish. The high levels of Hg were attributed to the slow growth and long lifespan of the fish under this sterile and cold environment. Risk assessment revealed that the consumption of Oxygymnocypris stewartii, Schizothorax macropogon, Schizothorax waltoni, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi and Schizothorax o'connori would lead to a high exposure to MeHg.     

武汉城市湖泊表层底泥汞分布、风险评价及影响因素

底泥作为汞重要的"汇"及二次"源"，在湖泊系统汞生物地球化学循环中起到了重要作用。本文以武汉主要城市湖泊为研究对象，探究了表层底泥中总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）的分布特征、潜在生态风险及主要影响因素。结果表明，武汉15个城市湖泊表层底泥THg平均浓度为152±170 ng/g （24~611 ng/g），与国内其它湖泊系统相比处于较高水平；MeHg浓度为52.0±46.8 pg/g （ND~161.0 pg/g），低于其它湖泊系统。空间分布上，底泥THg浓度呈现由武汉市中心向外逐渐递减的趋势，MeHg含量并未呈现类似THg的分布趋势。潜在生态风险评价（PERI）结果显示，所有采样点位中汞潜在生态风险极高和高风险等级占比均为5.7%，且主要分布在市中心附近，说明武汉市中心附近湖泊底泥汞污染程度较重，而市中心外围湖泊底泥汞生态风险较低。相关性分析结果显示，有机质可能是影响武汉城市湖泊底泥THg分布的重要因素之一，而MeHg主要受控于无机汞的原位甲基化过程。底泥THg浓度-湖泊距市中心距离间显著的负相关关系、THg浓度-湖泊所在区GDP/人均GDP间的显著正相关关系均表明人为活动对武汉城市湖泊汞分布影响明显。     

贵州高原水库汞的分布特征及其对富营养化的响应

于2012年11~12月采集贵州不同营养状况的6座水库——三板溪水库、龙滩水库、万峰湖水库、百花湖水库、红枫湖水库和阿哈水库水样,分析水体中汞的形态分布及与水体富营养化之间的关系,探讨水体汞形态及其分布特征对水体富营养化的响应.结果表明:6座水库总汞浓度的平均值为(5.82±4.99)ng/L,其中在阿哈水库的库中和百花湖水库的岩脚寨采样点存在不同于其它点的局部污染源;MeHg浓度平均值为(0.08±0.07)ng/L,阿哈水库的MeHg浓度较高是其它水库的2~10倍,约为0.26ng/L.在枯水期,贵州6座水库的富营养化程度不同,其中三板溪水库和龙滩水库为表现为贫营养型;万峰湖水库表现为为贫中营养型;百花湖水库和红枫湖水库表现为为中富营养型;阿哈水库为富营养型.富营养化指数与总汞、甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞皆呈显著正相关(r=0.477,P<0.05; r=0.558, P<0.05;r =0.502, P< 0.05, n=19).富营养化对水库生态系统中形态汞之间的迁移和转化有着重要影响,为溶解态汞和甲基汞的生成提供了有利条件,对水体中汞的地球化学循环的影响不可忽视.     

太湖营养状态对沉积物中总汞和甲基汞分布特征的影响

为探讨营养状态对太湖沉积物汞的分布及其甲基化的影响,以太湖不同营养水平的湖区为研究对象,采用PSA和GC-CVAFS方法,分别测定了沉积物总汞(THg)、甲基汞(MeHg)含量;另测定了沉积物有机质含量和水体总氮、总磷浓度.结果显示,太湖表层沉积物THg含量为32.30~150.28ng/g,均值为62.94ng/g,含量高低与营养化程度一致,其垂向分布主要受到人为活动和有机质的影响;MeHg含量为0.32~1.01ng/g,均值为0.51ng/g,不同营养水平的湖湾区MeHg含量差别不大,其分布受有机质的影响,高含量富集在表层,随深度的增加逐渐降低并趋于稳定;甲基化比率比较低主要是太湖水体溶解氧含量高抑制了甲基化过程.     

三峡库区消落带农业活动对土壤汞变化的影响

针对三峡库区消落带退水期农业生产是否会对库区环境带来不利影响的问题,以分布面积较大、农业活动较为频繁的重庆市开州区渠口镇消落带为研究区域,选择种植水稻、玉米、蔬菜和未农用的草地4类消落带地块为研究对象,调查了不同利用地块表层土壤汞(Hg)的变化特征.结果表明,研究区域内土壤THg、有效态Hg(Hg-wh)和甲基汞(MeHg)平均含量分别为25.80~68.74、0.44~0.88和0.08~0.85 ng·g-1.未耕作土地表层土壤THg、Hg-wh和MeHg含量均高于耕作土地表层土壤,说明耕作扰动能够加速土壤Hg的流失.未耕作土壤与耕作土地表层土壤MeHg含量随着落干时长的增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,峰值大约出现在落干后1~2个月内,约为淹水末期的4倍,之后逐渐降低至相对稳定的水平.MeHg占THg比例(%MeHg)也呈现类似规律,峰值出现在落干后1个月左右,降到稳定水平时与淹水末期含量无显著性差异(P0.05).土壤%MeHg与Hg-wh含量呈显著性正相关关系(r=0.642,P0.01),而与THg含量没有显著相关性(P0.05),说明消落带土壤Hg甲基化主要受生物可利用性Hg形态的影响.     

汞在小浪底水库的赋存形态及其时空变化

为了解小浪底水库汞的赋存状况,采用冷原子荧光光谱法测定了小浪底水库水体、表层沉积物、沉积物间隙水以及鱼类肌肉样品中的总汞,采用乙基化衍生-气相色谱-原子荧光法测定了上述样品中的甲基汞,进而分析了小浪底水库鱼体中汞的富集状况.结果表明,小浪底水库水体中丰、枯水期总汞浓度分别为0.71~1.42 ng·L-1和0.90~2.49 ng·L-1,均符合国家地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)一类水汞浓度标准限值,水样中未检出甲基汞.丰、枯水期沉积物中总汞浓度分别为51.74~90.42 ng·g-1和95.66~172.52 ng·g-1,甲基汞浓度分别为0.09~0.26 ng·g-1和0.18~0.39 ng·g-1,甲基汞浓度较低,这可能与水体底层溶解氧浓度较高以及沉积物中有机碳浓度较低有关.丰、枯水期沉积物间隙水总汞浓度分别为4.27~9.49 ng·L-1和5.46~41.04 ng·L-1,甲基汞浓度分别为0.09~0.99 ng·L-1和0.07~1.01 ng·L-1,间隙水中总汞和甲基汞浓度明显高于上覆水体,与水体间存在汞浓度梯度,可能存在从沉积物间隙水向水体中的扩散.鱼体肌肉总汞浓度在43.47~304.98 ng·g-1之间,甲基汞浓度为10.77~265.23 ng·g-1,甲基汞低于食品安全国家标准规定的污染物限量(GB 2762-2012)(非肉食性鱼500 ng·g-1和肉食性鱼1 000 ng·g-1).水库鱼体总汞的生物富集系数分别为鳙鱼1.3×105,梭鱼9.3×104,鲫鱼4.7×104,白条5.0×104,黄颡鱼1.7×105,弓鱼3.9×104.     

小兴安岭泥炭藓沼泽生态系统中的汞

研究了小兴安岭汤旺河流域中的泥炭、土壤和植物样品的汞,泥炭地总汞的平均含量为65.8～186.6ng/g;高于黑龙江土壤A层汞平均含量,也高于美国佛罗里达大沼泽国家公园和瑞典Birkeness湿地的含量.甲基汞平均含量为0.16～1.86ng/g;约占总汞的0.2%～1.4%,泥炭地总汞最高浓度出现在5～10cm深处,为186.6ng/g,甲基汞最高浓度出现在10～15cm处,为1.86ng/g,均随深度增加而减少.甲基汞含量与总汞没有很强的相关性(P=0.05,r=0.28)     

中国大米汞含量研究

从中国9个省、市或地区的市场采集了303个大米样品,测定了其总汞和甲基汞的含量,评估了我国居民食用大米导致汞暴露的健康风险。大米总汞采用混合酸消解后CVAFS测定,甲基汞采用萃取-反萃取-水相乙基化结合GC-CVAFS测定。结果显示：各地区大米总汞的平均含量为3.6～17μg·kg-1,低于我国食品汞限量标准20μg·...     

大连湾表层沉积物中总汞和甲基汞的分布及影响因素

为研究大连湾表层沉积物中THg（总汞）和MeHg（甲基汞）的分布及影响因素,于2016年7月对大连湾12个采样点表层沉积物进行了调查,分析了沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:①大连湾表层沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）的平均值分别为（79.5±47.1）和（0.53±0.26）ng/g,MeHg%（甲基化比率）范围为0.39%~1.46%,平均值为0.74%.②沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）均表现出由湾内向湾外降低的趋势,而MeHg%的空间分布特征与w（THg）和w（MeHg）相反,并且水产养殖活动的外源输入也可对MeHg%产生影响.③w（MeHg）与各环境因子均呈显著相关关系,表明沉积物中w（MeHg）主要受w（THg）和氧化还原条件的影响;MeHg%与Hg/C（THg与TOC摩尔比,下同）呈显著负相关,可能主要与沉积物中生物可利用Hg的比例影响有关,而MeHg%虽然与w（TOC）、w（TS）的相关性均不显著,但也体现出有机质和硫对Hg的生物可利用性的影响.研究显示,沉积物中生物可利用Hg在MeHg的产生过程中具有重要作用,而减少大连湾内汞和有机质的输入将有助于降低沉积物中w（MeHg）.