化学修饰电极预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅

研究了用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ化学修饰电极预富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅的方法。土壤经０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ处理，以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰的钨丝电极富集可溶性痕量铅后，放入石墨杯中进行原子吸收法测定。实验结果，在ｐＨ３．５的ＨＣｌ介质中，测定的线性范围为０～４．５μｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０４μｇ／Ｌ；对浓度为２μｇ／Ｌ的铅标准溶液平行测定１０次，相对标准偏差为２．６％；１０多种离子不干扰测定，样品回收     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明,适合的ＰＨ范围为５．５－９．０,λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ,在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下,十二烷基苯碘酸钠（ＳＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０＾４和３．１×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１。用此法测定了     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明，最适合的ｐＨ范围为５．５－９．０，λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ，在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下，十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０４和３．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差＜３．０％，样品加标平均回收率为９９．３％。     

双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｃｄ．试验选定了最佳测定条件．结果表明，在弱碱性介质（ｐＨ８－１０）中，能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ．方法的相对标准偏差＜３％，加标回收率９２％－１０２％，检出限（μｇ／Ｌ）分别为Ｃｕ０．０６，Ｐｂ０．１４，Ｃｄ０．００２．本法操作简便、快速，已应用于海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的分析，取得了令人满意的结果．     

HPLC法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

用乙醚为提取有机相，提取前先经碱化，提取后加酸使苯胺成盐，吹去乙醚，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定苯胺类化合物。方法适用于测定废水中苯胺类化合物。检出限：苯胺３．０ｎｇ，邻硝基苯胺０．５ｎｇ，对硝基苯胺１．０ｎｇ。线性范围：苯胺０．８１７－１３．０７２μｇ／ｍｌ，邻硝基苯胺０．１４６４－２．３４２４μｇ／ｍｌ，对硝基苯胺０．２５３－４．０４８μｇ／ｍｌ。精密度（ＣＶ）：苯胺２．３８％，邻硝基苯胺１．０９％，对硝     

CdI_4~(2-)·Fe(phen)_3~(2+)离子对1,2-二氯乙烷萃取光度法测定水中痕量镉的研究

研究萃取光度法测定痕量Ｃｄ的最佳实验条件，结果表明，λｍａｘ＝５１２ｎｍ，ε＝２．４２×１０６Ｌｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１，相对标准偏差为２．６％（自来水）和３．１％（河水）．水样中Ｃｄ的含量在０—１μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内服从比尔定律．应用于自来水及河水中Ｃｄ的测定，结果令人满意．     

柠檬酸废水的厌氧－兼氧－好氧处理

采用厌氧－兼氧－好氧工艺处理柠檬酸废水。管道厌氧消化器在进水ＰＨ３．４４～４．３８．ＣＯＤ１４１８７．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理水量为２００ｔ／ｄ，有机负荷率７．０９ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）条件下，出水ＰＨ７．０～７．５，ＣＯＤ去除率为用８１．１％，产气率为０．４３ｍ３／ｋｇＣＯＤ。兼氧－好氧处理进水ｐＨ３．２～４．６，ＣＯＤ１９２９ｍｇ，／Ｌ．处理水量１０８０ｔ／ｄ，停留时间为兼氧６ｈ、好氧１３ｈ，出水ｐＨ７．４～８．１，ＣＯＤ１０７．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，达到ＧＢ８９７８－８８二级标准。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量钴的研究

在碱性介质中，以二价钴为催化剂，过氧化氢可氧化间硝基苯基萤光酮。研究了其催化氧化的褪色反应及动力学条件，据此，建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量二价钴的分析方法。方法的测定范围为０－３．５μｇ／１，最低检出浓度为０．００６μｇ／１；对维生素Ｂ１２针剂中二价钴和水样中二价估测定的变异系数分别为３．７％，１．７％；回收率分别为９５％和９８．５％。     

水中微量铝的间接原子吸收法测定

在ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液（ｐＨ４．５）体系中，利用（１－（２－萘酚（ＰＡＮ），Ａｌ＾３＾＋与Ｃｕ＾２＾＋－ＥＤＴＡ发生定量交换反应，用氯仿萃取出Ｃｕ＾２＾＋－ＰＡＮ，用原子吸收法测定水中的Ｃｕ＾２＾＋，以间接测定ＡＬ＾３＾＋。方法的最佳线性范围为０．１－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，最低检出浓度为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；测定河水，饮用水，地下水中的Ａｌ＾３＾＋，其回收率在８５．０％－１０９％之间，变异系数为１．５％－     

九龙江口秋茄红树林镉铬镍元素的累积及动态

探讨了福建九龙江口秋茄红树林对重金属元素Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ的累积及动态，结果表明；该林区表层土壤（０－３０ｃｍ）深Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ元素的储量分别为２１．６０、１０９２．６３和３９０３．９０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２，秋茄植物体各部位Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ一的范围分别为０．０４４４－０．０９１２、０．０８５－０．２７５和０．３２６－１．０００μｇ／ｇ，该群落现存生物量中，Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ元素的储量分别为１１６６．８５、３     

加膜流动注射光度法测定水中微量氨

采取在流动注射体系中加气体扩散膜装置的方法，让水样中的ＮＨ４在ＮａＯＨ载液中转变成ＮＨ３后扩散透过气体分离膜，再在Ｈ２ＳＯ４吸收液中又重新转变成ＮＨ＾＋４，以此在线分离出水样中微量ＮＨ＾＋４后用靛酚蓝光度法测定。结果表明，在５～８０μｇ／ｍＬ和２００～５００μｇ／ｍＬ这２个区间内分别与吸光度呈现良好的线性，其相关系数分别为０．９９４和０．９９８。对５００μｇ／ｍＬ样品１０次测定的ＲＳＤ为１．６％，     

ICP-AES连续氢化(还原)同时测定水、水生生物和沉积物样品中As、Sb、Bi和Hg

本文利用KBH_4的氢化(还原)作用,将酸性样品溶液中砷、锑、铋氢化和将汞离子还原为汞蒸气一同引入ICP(电感耦合等离子体)光源进行发射光谱测定,探讨了水、鱼、螺蚌类肉中As、Sb、Bi和Hg,沉积物样品中As、Sb和Bi的测定方法。As、Sb、Bi检出限为0.01ppm,Hg为0.001ppm。10次测定的RSD％A86.5、Sb6.8、Bi10.9、Hg3.6(5次)。进行多次加际回收试验和标准参考样的测定,得到了好的结果。该方法利用一套标准溶液同时适用于不同类样品的测定,具有简单、快速的特点,灵敏度能满足水环境监测(Ⅲ级地面水汞尚不足)的需要。     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0. 104 to 0.372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceedina 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2.7% RSD.     

Determination of total arsenic by photo-decomposition of organoarsenic compounds and hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A method was developed for the determination of total arsenic concentration in less than ng/ml level by decomposition of organoarsenicals using photo -oxidation combined with in situ trapping of arsenic hydride on a palladium coated graphite tube with subsequent atomization and detection by AAS. The organoarsenicals include monomethylarsenic, dimethylarsenic, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, o -aminobenzenarsenate and p -aminobenzenarsenate. The method is simple and sensitive. Detection limit was obtained from different arsenic compounds over the range from 0. 058 to 0.063 ng/ml as As (based on three times of the standard deviation of 10 blank measurements) and the relative standard deviations for ten replicate measurements were from 2.0 to 3.8%. The calibration curves of arsenic compounds including inorganic and organic arsenicals were linear over the range from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/ml as As. The recommended method has been applied to the determination of total arsenic in tap and lake water samples at ng/ml leve     

在线分离富集FI分光光度法直接测定铜

本文针对ＡＡＳ法测定痕量铜时，大量铁存在表现干扰，研究并建立了流动注射（ＦＩ）在线螯合树脂分离富集光度法直接测定痕量铜的新方法，具有灵敏度高、选择性强；因此，已成功地用于水样中痕量铜的测定，该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性．     

丙酮－H_2O_2－ClO~－化学发光新体系的研究及应用

本文针对碘量法测定痕量次氯酸根（ＣｌＯ－）时，滴定中存在费时费试剂、痕量测定准确度欠佳的问题，研究并建立了流动注射化学发光法测定痕量ＣｌＯ－的新方法，具有较高的灵敏度、较好的准确度、重现性，为ＣｌＯ－的测定提供了一条新途径．该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性．     

Sensitized effect of β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl

Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetdc method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 7.0 ng/ml-1500 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/ml. The proposed method was successfully used to determine quantitativelv of carbarvl in cottonseeds.     

Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes treated by potassium permanganate for determination of trace cadmium prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study we investigated the enrichment ability of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and established a new method for the determination of trace cadmium in environment with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The MWCNTs were oxidized by potassium permanganate under appropriate conditions before use as preconcentration packing.Parameters influencing the recoveries of target analytes were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the target analyte exhibited a good linearity (R~2=0.9992) over the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/ml.The detection limit and precision of the proposed method were 0.15 ng/ml and 2.06%, respectively.The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in real-world environmental samples and the recoveries were in the range of 91.3%-108.0%.All these experimental results indicated that this new procedure could be applied to the determination of trace cadmium in environmental waters.     

Sensitized effect of β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl

Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 7.0 ng/ml-1500 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/ml. The proposed method was successfully used to determine quantitatively of carbaryl in cottonseeds.     

痕量硒的示波极谱测定

在０．６０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸－０．００２０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ对氨基苯磺酸介质中,Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）－对氨基苯磺酸配合物于－０．６３Ｖ处产生一敏锐的单扫描示波极谱波。硒含量在０．３－８０ｎｇ／ｍｌ范围内与波高有线性关系,检出限达０．１５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。利用该波测定实际试样中痕量硒,结果较好。