等离子体技术应用于气相污染物治理综述

近年来利用等离子体技术对气态污染物的氧化分解研究受到了广泛的关注.介绍了等离子体概念、分类及产生方法,简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理,较全面地介绍了等离子体技术在脱硫、脱硝以及降解挥发性有机物(VOCs)等方面的研究.最后指出了今后等离子体处理废气的应用研究方向.     

阳极氧化联合电-Fenton氧化深度处理垃圾渗滤液

采用多孔碳素阴极、Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5-IrO2阳极构建电化学氧化系统用于渗滤液的深度处理。研究结果表明,所构建的电化学氧化系统通过阳极氧化和电-Fenton氧化2种机制降解有机污染物;处理过程中阴极表面形成的沉淀物对TOC和COD的衰减也产生了影响。在阴极电位为-1.0 V、Fe2+初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,电化学处理120 min获得了58%的TOC去除;处理480 min COD去除率为55%,NH3-N去除率为99%,TN去除率为60%,色度几乎被完全去除。GC-MS分析结果表明,渗滤液中以腐殖质类物质为主的有机化合物被降解为分子量相对较小的有机物,直至完全矿化。联合阳极氧化和电-Fenton氧化机制的电化学处理方法为垃圾渗滤液深度处理提供了新的选择。     

水中有机污染物超声强化氧化技术研究进展

超声波技术在化学、环境、制药以及生物等领域有着广阔的应用前景。在降解水中难降解有机污染物方面 ,超声强化氧化技术有一定优势 ,降解效果显著 ,符合绿色环保技术的要求。超声强化氧化技术主要可分为超声空化技术、超声强化化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声强化电化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声强化光化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声 生物降解等几大类 ,本文对各类技术的优缺点进行了评述。     

PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

高级氧化技术降解水中有机磷农药的研究进展

综述了近年来发展迅速的高级氧化技术,主要包括臭氧高级氧化技术、光催化氧化法、超声降解法、电化学水处理技术和超临界水氧化法等.结合有机磷农药废水处理方法的进展,介绍了各种高级氧化技术在机理研究和应用方面取得的成果和存在的问题,并指出了高级氧化技术在有机废水处理方面所具有的潜力.     

PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

水中有机污染物超声强化氧化技术研究进展

超声波技术在化学、环境、制药以及生物等领域有着广阔的应用前景。在降解水中难降解有机污染物方面，超声强化氧化技术有一定优势，降解效果显著，符合绿色环保技术的要求。超声强化氧化技术主要可分为超声空化技术、超声强化化学(催化)氧化技术、超声强化电化学(催化)氧化技术、超声强化光化学(催化)氧化技术、超声／生物降解等几大类，本文对各类技术的优缺点进行了评述。     

水体中卤代芳烃污染状况及降解途径研究进展

介绍了卤代芳烃对水环境所造成的污染和危害 ,并对水体中该类污染物降解技术研究进展进行了综述。着重介绍了光降解及光催化技术、化学氧化法、氢解还原和辐射降解等技术在该领域的有关研究。     

水体中卤代芳烃污染状况及降解途径研究进展

介绍了卤代芳烃对水环境所造成的污染和危害，并对水体中该类污染物降解技术研究进展进行了综述。着重介绍了光降解及光催化技术、化学氧化法、氢解还原和辐射降解等技术在该领域的有关研究。     

电离辐照技术在废水处理中的研究进展

以电离辐照(包括放射性核素产生的γ射线和电子加速器产生的电子束)技术为代表的核技术在环境污染治理,如水和废水处理、烟气脱硫脱硝、地下水修复和污泥处理等方面的研究日益引起人们的关注。电离辐射是一种相对简单并可实现大规模工业废水处理的高级氧化技术,具有实际应用潜力。综述了电离辐照在去除水中氯酚类、PPCPs等毒性难降解有机污染物、处理染料、造纸等工业废水、去除铬、汞等重金属离子以及水体消毒方面的研究和应用进展;分析了有机污染物的辐照降解机理和主要影响因素;介绍了电离辐照与其他技术联用强化有机污染物降解的研究。最后对该技术的研究和发展方向提出了建议。     

Mycoremediation of hydrocarbons with basidiomycetes—a review

ABSTRACT

The literature on hydrocarbon remediation with basidiomycetes was reviewed. Two ecological groups are considered for bioremediation, the saprotrophic basidiomycetes (white-rot and brown-rot fungi) and the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. A remarkable capacity of basidiomycetes for in vitro degradation of simple and recalcitrant hydrocarbons, such as PAH, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), halogenated HC, aromatic HC and phenols, explosives and dyes was reported for many species. However, there is a need for more studies on the practical feasibility of field applications with basidiomycetes.     

电化学催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

电化学法催化降解废水中的有机污染物已引起广泛兴趣。在电极的作用下 ,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合 ,可导致有机分子的电催化降解。选用合适的电极材料可以加速电化学反应速率 ,有助于有机物的电化学转化。本文讨论了提高电催化降解速率的方法 ,指出了在该领域的研究中存在的问题和发展方向     

饮用水中卤代产物及前驱物的形成与控制

简述了目前国内对饮用水中卤代烃类化合物的研究现状，根据对饮用水中卤代产物的形成及浓度受水源水中前驱物、饮用水消毒处理方法等因素的影响，阐述了控制饮用水消毒过程中卤代烃的形成途径。     

Anaerobic decomposition of halogenated aromatic compounds

Halogenated compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental pollutants, partly as a result of their widespread use as biocides, solvents and other industrial chemicals. A critical step in degradation of organohalides is the cleavage of the carbon?halogen bond. Reductive dehalogenation is generally the initial step in metabolism under methanogenic conditions, which requires a source of reducing equivalents, with the halogenated compound serving as an electron acceptor. Dehalogenation is greatly influenced by alternate electron acceptors; e.g. sulfate frequently inhibits reductive dehalogenation. On the other hand, a number of halogenated aromatic compounds can be degraded under different electron-accepting conditions and their complete oxidation to CO(2) can be coupled to processes such as denitrification, iron(III)-reduction, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Reductive dehalogenation was the initial step in degradation not only under methanogenic, but also under sulfate- and iron(III)-reducing conditions. Dehalogenation rates were in general slower under sulfidogenic and iron-reducing conditions, suggesting that dehalogenation was affected by the electron acceptor. The capacity for dehalogenation appears to be widely distributed in anoxic environments; however, the different substrate specificities and activities observed for the halogenated aromatic compounds suggest that distinct dehalogenating microbial populations are enriched under the different reducing conditions. Characterization of the microbial community structure using a combination of biomolecular techniques, such as cellular fatty acid profiling, and 16 S rRNA fingerprinting/sequence analysis, was used to discern the distinct populations enriched with each substrate and under each electron-accepting condition. These combined techniques will aid in identifying the organisms responsible for dehalogenation and degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds.     

The role of activated carbon on the removal of p-nitrophenol in an integrated three-phase electrochemical reactor

Three-phase electrochemical reactor is still far from concerned in wastewater treatment in order to improve electrochemical treatment efficiency especially when the concentrations of organic pollutants are relatively low. This paper presents a novel process integrated electrocatalysis and activated carbon (AC) adsorption in a fluidization mode for p-nitrophenol (PNP) abatement, with special attention on probing the role of AC. Sparged by external gas (e.g., O(2)), the electrochemical reactor is actually a three-phase (gas, liquid, solid) reactor. By this one-step integrated process, the treatment efficiency was significantly promoted where PNP of initial concentration 150 mg l(-1) could be completely removed in no more than 30 min and it kept good performance for five consecutive runs, showing potential application for environmental remediation. In the integrated process, AC is in a dynamic state of adsorption and in situ electrochemical regeneration by the attack of electrogenerated hydroxyl radical on organic pollutants. When oxygen is sparged into the process, hydrogen peroxide can be formed by cathodic reduction and then decomposed by catalytic reaction on AC, which further promotes organic pollutants degradation.     

电化学法去除有机污染物机理研究进展

电化学方法因其所具有的多功能性、操作简单、易于自动化并且具有环境兼容性等特点而倍受人们重视。近年来 ,国内外研究者对该方法在水处理中的应用进行了广泛的研究 ,并对有机污染物电化学降解机理提出了不同观点 ,本文对这些观点进行了分类 ,并对其中的主要观点进行论述     

Enhanced dehalogenation of halogenated methanes by bimetallic Cu/Al

A low-cost and high effective copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) bimetal has been developed for treatments of halogenated methanes, including dichloromethane, in near neutral and high pH aqueous systems. Bimetallic Cu/Al was prepared by a simple two-step synthetic method where Cu was deposited onto the Al surface. The presence of Cu on Al significantly enhanced rates of degradation of halogenated methanes and reduced toxic halogenated intermediates. The stability of Cu/Al was preliminarily studied by a multi-spiking batch experiment where complete degradation of carbon tetrachloride was achieved for seven times although the Cu/Al aging was found. Roles of Cu may involve protecting Al against an undesirable oxidation with water, enhancing reaction rates through the galvanic corrosion, and increasing the selectivity to a benign compound (i.e., methane). Kinetic analyses indicated that the activity of bimetallic Cu/Al was comparable to that of iron-based bimetals (e.g., palladized iron) and zero-valent metals. Bimetallic Cu/Al could be a promising reactive reagent for remediation of halogenated solvents-contaminated groundwater associated with high pH problems.