关于农业污染信访举报案件的综合处理思考

揭示了农业污染纠纷的内涵，提出了处理农业污染纠纷的5个“支撑点”：认真接访，搜集证据；运用农业技术理性界定；运用监测数据科学鉴证；运用因果关系逻辑推定；强化环境管理，疏通综合处理渠道等。     

植物监测在环评和环境管理中的应用

植物监测在某些方面具有理化监测不可替代的优势，利用植物监测来评价环境污染状况和处理环境污染纠纷已取得了明显效果。但植物监测与评价的方法尚需标准化和规范化，有待进一步研究和完善。     

论环境污染民事责任的仲裁

通过对仲裁制度与其他处理制度的比较分析，探讨了在环境污染民事损害赔偿中建立环境仲裁制度的必要性和可能性，同时还对应注意的问题了论述。期望能公正及时地解决了环境污染损害赔偿纠纷。     

是行政调解,还是依法仲裁——谈环保局在解决污染纠纷中的地位

通过以往的讨论,环境污染纠纷属于民事权益纠纷这一概念,逐步被环保界所普遍接受。但环保局在处理这类案件中的地位,却仍然不明确。《中国环境管理》第4期《再论环保局不应是被告》一文较具有代表性,认为环保局在处理这类案件过程中不得行使任何行政权,只能行政调解,起到中解人的作用。笔者认为,环保局在处理这类案件中,有着特殊的地位和作用,应该拥有仲裁权。一、环保部门对环境污染纠纷案件的解决拥有行政处理权是法律所赋予的。     

味精废水处理方法

由于味精废水ＣＯＤ、Ｃｌ＾－／ＳＯ４＾２－和ＮＨ３含量高，ｐＨ值和温度较低，使味精废水处理难度较大。文中介绍了利用味精废水提取酵母蛋白及厌氧生物处理、厌氧－好氧生物处理等味精废水的处理方法，厌氧生物处理效果有限，只有后续好氧生物处理才能使味精废水水质达到排放标准。     

环境污染损害赔偿纠纷行政处理若干问题的探讨

随着我国环境污染问题的日益严重和广大人民群众环境法律意识的逐渐提高,由环境污染而引起的损害赔偿纠纷亦时有发生。《环境保护法》第四十一条规定:“造成环境污染危害的,有责任排除危害,并对直接受到损害的单位或者个人赔偿损失。赔偿责任和赔偿金额的纠纷,可以根据当事人的请求,由环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门处理;当事人对处理决定不服的,可以向人民法院起诉,当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。”《海洋环境保护法》第四十二条、《水污染防治法》第四十一条、《大气污染防治法》第三十六条、《噪声污染     

中小城市洗浴餐饮业环境污染纠纷问题的探讨

由于经济社会的发展和城市化水平的提高，中小城市洗浴餐饮业得到快速的发展，分析了由此带来的环境污染纠纷问题以及洗浴餐饮业发生环境污染纠纷增多的原因，并提出解决的对策措施。     

环境纠纷ADR模式探讨

环境纠纷ADR模式因其简便、快捷、花费少、专业性强等明显优于诉讼的特点，于20世纪60年代在美国应运而生。文中对ADR作了概述，并对ADR模式在美国、日本及台湾地区的运用作了介绍，阐述了该模式的主要方法，进而对我国在解决环境纠纷中运用ADR模式的前景作了分析，并提出有关建议。     

棉纺产品印染废水处理工艺及工程设计实践

印染废水中，染料含量高，色度大，不易处理。但通过在污水处理设计中，将浓、淡水分流，生化处理，气浮等方法，使处理后的水质达到国家排放标准。     

ClO2对医院高浓度含氰废水处理的试验研究

以医院排放的高浓度含氰废水为研究对象，采用“硫酸亚铁 曝气”初级化学处理和ClO2二级深度氧化处理相结合的处理模式，不仅使含氰废水实现无毒化处理，而且使高浓度含氰废水实现资源化回收利用。试验表明，处理后的废水中CN^-浓度达到国家排放标准GB8978-1996中的一级标准，为医院高浓度含氰废水的治理提供了一种新的方法。     

Antimony toxicity in the lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.

In this paper we tested if treating the lichen Xanthoria parietina with Sb-containing solutions causes Sb bioaccumulation as well as physiological and ultrastructural changes. Total and intracellular antimony content in Sb-treated samples increased progressively with increasing concentration in the treatment solutions. Incubation of X. parietina thalli with Sb at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM caused a decrease in sample viability, measured as intensity of respiratory activity, and damage to cell membranes, expressed in terms of membrane lipid peroxidation, as well as ultrastructural changes such as plasmolysis, impairment of the thylakoid system of the alga and cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The photosynthetic system hardly responded, at least under the tested experimental conditions.     

Textural and chemical properties of swine-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use as a soil amendment

Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of their properties pertaining to soil fertility and contaminant immobilization as well as serving as carbon sinks. In this work, a series of biochars were produced from dried swine manure waste by slow pyrolysis at different temperatures (i.e., 673-1073 K). The characterization of the resulting biochars was examined for its relevance to its potential use as soil amendment. It was found that the pore properties, ash contents and pH values of all swine-manure-derived biochars basically increased as temperature increased, while the yield and nitrogen/oxygen contents decreased with increasing temperature as a result of pyrolytic volatilization during pyrolysis. From the organic and inorganic elements analyses, the manure-derived biochar was rich in soil nutrients such as N, P, Ca, Mg, and K. Furthermore, the pore, surface and chemical properties were also consistent with the observations of the SEM-EDS, XRD and FTIR. This result suggested that the mesoporous manure-derived biochar could be used as an excellent medium to soil environment.     

基于指标规范值的环境质量的指数幂乘积指数公式

传统的环境质量指数幂乘积指数的分级标准值随指标不同和指标数目不同而不同,因而综合指数的分级标准值不能规范和统一.在适当设定指标参照值和指标值的规范变换式基础上,使同类环境不同指标的同级标准的规范值差异尽可能小,而不同标准的指标规范值差异尽可能大,从而可以认为,用规范值表示的同类环境的各指标皆等效于某个规范指标,因而同类环境的任意m项指标的指数幂乘积综合指数可以有共同的分级标准值,使基于指标规范值的环境质量指数幂乘积指数公式具有普适性、可比性和通用性.     

Heterogeneous water phase catalysis as an environmental application: a review

Catalytic water phase processes as an environmental application is a relatively novel subject with tremendous potential in the near future. This review of 120 references presents the wide scale of heterogeneous water phase applications studied mainly within past five years. Both oxidation and hydrogenation processes are included as well as TiO₂ assisted photocatalysis. According to the references, heterogeneous catalysis is developing rapidly. New bimetallic catalysts and supports with higher surface area have improved catalytic efficiency in both oxidation and hydrogenation processes. It also seems that study on use of some waste materials such as red mud as catalyst is a very progressive field. On the whole, the chemical aspects are pretty well known, but the catalyst durability, and in many cases activity as well, has to be improved.     

Strategies of maintaining the natural purification potential of rivers and lakes

Surface waters have a great impact on ecology and life of man. Because of their current use and exploitation, chemical and biological pollution, as well as physical changes of rivers and lakes are common. Natural self-purification potential helps to compensate harms to a certain degree. Proposals are given to detect restrictions of the purification potential in time as well as to support and to enhance the natural purification potential.     

The evolution of mass balance models of persistent organic pollutant fate in the environment

Current approaches to modelling the fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment have evolved in response to four dominant characteristics of these substances; namely: (1) the presence of POPs in virtually all environmental phases and the ease with which they move from one to the other requires multi-compartmental modelling. Describing transport across phase boundaries becomes as, or even more, important as quantifying transport within the phases; (2) POPs may persist in the environment for many decades. For chemicals that 'have time', concepts such as equilibrium partitioning and steady-state become more important than for short-lived substances whose fate is more controlled by the rates of transformation; (3) measuring POPs is difficult and expensive and observed concentrations of POPs are not available in high spatial or temporal resolution. Consequently, high resolution tends not to be a high priority in POP models; and (4) detrimental effects of POPs often manifest themselves in top predators, which has led to a focus on modelling biotic uptake and transfer within food chains. The task of building a POPs model is viewed as combining the four 'building blocks' of partitioning, transport, transformation and source data with the help of the law of the conservation of mass. Process models, evaluative models, models of real local, regional and global fate, as well as biological uptake models are presented and references to numerous examples are provided. An attempt is made to forecast future directions in the field of POPs modelling. It is expected that modelling techniques that do not rely on quantitative emission estimates as well as approaches that take into account spatial, temporal and climatic variability as well as parameter uncertainty will increase in importance. Finally, the relationship between modelling POPs and models of other pollutant issues is addressed, as are potential interactions between POPs and pollutant issues such as eutrophication, acidification and global climate change.     

Green pre-concentration techniques during pesticide analysis in food samples

The ever-increasing demand for determining pesticides at low concentration levels in different food matrices requires a preliminary step of pre-concentration which is considered a crucial stage. Recently, the parameter of “greenness” during sample pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic solvents during sample preparation. Developing new green pre-concentration techniques is one of the key subjects. Thus, to reduce the impact on the environment during trace analysis of pesticides in food matrices, new developments in pre-concentration have gone in three separate directions: the search for more environmentally friendly solvents, miniaturization and development of solvent-free pre-concentration techniques. Eco-friendly solvents such as supercritical fluids, ionic liquids and natural deep eutectic solvents have been developed for use as extraction solvents during pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices. Also, miniaturized pre-concentration techniques such as QuEChERS, dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction and hollow-fiber liquid-phase micro-extraction have been used during trace analysis of pesticides in food samples as well as solvent-free techniques such as solid-phase micro-extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction. All these developments which are aimed at ensuring that pesticide pre-concentration in different food matrices is green are critically reviewed in this paper.     

Toxic effects of arsenic on Sinorhizobium-Medicago sativa symbiotic interaction

Recently, the Rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction has been proposed as an interesting tool in bioremediation. However, little is known about the effect of most common contaminants on this process. The phytotoxic effects of arsenic on nodulation of Medicago sativa have been examined in vitro using the highly arsenic resistant and symbiotically effective Sinorhizobium sp. strain MA11. The bacteria were able to grow on plates containing As concentrations as high as 10 mM. Nevertheless, as little as 25-35 microM arsenite produced a 75% decrease in the total number of nodules, due to a 90% reduction in the number of rhizobial infections, as could be determined using the strain MA11 carrying a lacZ reporter gene. This effect was associated to root hair damage and a shorter infective root zone. However, once nodulation was established nodule development seemed to continue normally, although earlier senescence could be observed in nodules of arsenic-grown plants.     

Meteorological conditions at the release site during the two tracer experiments

The state of the boundary layer at the release site during the two tracer experiments is described, based on measurements of atmospheric turbulence carried out by a sonic anemometer, profiles of horizontal and vertical wind by a SODAR as well as frequent radiosonde releases. The boundary layer height is derived from radiosoundings, modelled and discussed. The study is meant as background for discussions of the tracer behaviour near the release site, and possible influence of the local meteorology at the release site on the long-range dispersion. The difference in the initial meso-meteorological conditions between the two experiments is discussed and some of its consequences for the dispersion of the released tracer are clarified. It is concluded that the first experiment is well suited for validation of long-range transport and dispersion models, whereas the second experiment calls for further model development. It is concluded that the micrometeorological measurements are very important as background information for the understanding of plume behaviour on small as well as long scales.     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂，邻氯酚为吸附质，氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂，采用微波间歇辐照的方法，对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究。系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响，并确定了最佳脱附条件。结果表明，微波辐照再生速度非常快。与传统热脱附不同，微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高，微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显。树脂经多批次微波辐照，吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定。