The effect of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption

The effects of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption were investigated.After combination with DBM,the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of kaolinite and goethite improved compared with the application of the minerals independently.The modeling results of potentiometric titration data proved that the site concentrations of kaolinite and goethite increased by 80%and 30%,respectively after combination with DBM.However,the involvement of functional groups in the DBM/mineral combinations resulted in lower concentrations of observed sites than the theoretical values and led to the enhancement of desorption rates by NH_4NO_3 and EDTA-Na_2.The DBM-mineral complexes might also help to prevent heavy metals from entering DBM cells to improve the survivability of DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.During the combination process,the extracellular proteins of DBM provided more binding sites for the minerals to absorb Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ).In particular,an especially stable complexation site was formed between goethite and phosphodiester bonds from EPS to enhance the Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacity.So,we can conclude that the DBM–mineral complexes could improve the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of minerals and protect DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.     

Phylogenetic analysis and arsenate reduction e ect of the arsenic-reducing bacteria enriched from contaminated soils at an abandoned smelter site

Microbial reduction of As(V) (i.e., arsenate) plays an important role in arsenic (As) mobilization in aqueous environment. In this study, we investigated As(Ⅴ) reduction characteristics of the bacteria enriched from the arsenic-contaminated soil at an abandoned smelter site. It was found that As(Ⅴ) was completely reduced to As(Ⅲ) (i.e., arsenite) in 21 h. After 3-d incubation, a yellow solid was precipitated and the concentration of As(Ⅲ) decreased sharply. After 150 h incubation, ca. 65% of soluble arsenic was removed from the solution. The analysis of the precipitate by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the main component was crystalline arsenic sulfide (ASS). Microbial mediated reduction and mobilization of adsorbed As(Ⅴ) on ferric hydroxide was also examined. In the microcosm slurry experiment, ca. 53% of the adsorbed As(V) was reduced to As(Ⅲ) by the bacteria, which resulted in an appreciable release of arsenic into aqueous phase. The released arsenic was present predominantly as As(Ⅲ). The microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rDNA-dependent molecular phylogeny. A near-full-length 16S rDNA gene clone library was constructed. The 197 clones were analyzed using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 72 OTUs were obtained, which contributed 51% of the content for total clone number in six OTUs. Six bacterial clones in these six OTUs were selected for sequencing and the sequenced clones were found to belong to the group Caloramator, Clostridium, and Bacillus.     

Arsenic uptake and transport of Pteris vittata L. as influenced by phosphate and inorganic arsenic species under sand cu｜ture

In order to understand the similarity or difference of inorganic As species uptake and transport related to phosphorus in As-hyperaccumulator, uptake and transport of arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) and arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) were studied using Pteris vittata L. under sand culture. Higher concentrations of phosphate were found to inhibit accumulation of arsenate and arsenite in the fronds of P. vittata. The reduction in As accumulation was greater in old fronds than in young fronds, and relatively weak in root and rhizome. Moderate increases, from 0.05 to 0.3 mmol/L, in phosphate reduced uptake of As(Ⅲ) more than As(Ⅴ), while the reverse was observed at high concentrations of phosphate (≥ 1.0 mmol/L). Phosphate apparently reduced As transport and the proportion of As accumulated in fronds of P. vittata when As was supplied as As(Ⅴ). It may in part be due to competition between phosphorus and As(Ⅴ) during transport. In contrast, phosphate had a much smaller effect on As transport when the As was supplied as As(Ⅲ). Therefore, the results from present experiments indicates that a higher concentration of phosphate suppressed As accumulation and transport in P. vittata, especially in the fronds, when exposure to As(Ⅴ); but the suppression of phosphate to As transport in the root or rhizome may be insignificant when P. vittata when exposure to As(Ⅲ) under sand culture conditions. The finding will help to understand the interaction of P and As during their uptake process in P. vittata.     

Rates and processes affecting As speciation and mobility in lake sediments during aging

Sediments from an arsenic(As) contaminated groundwater vent site were used to investigate As( Ⅲ) binding, transformation and redistribution in native and iron oxide amended lake sediments using aging spiked batch reactions and a sequential extraction procedure that maintains As(V) and As( Ⅲ) speciation. In the native sediments, fractionation analysis revealed that 10% of the spiked As( Ⅲ) remained intact after a 32-day aging experiment and was predominantly adsorbed to the strongly sorbed(NH_4H_2PO_4 extractable) and amorphous Fe oxide bound(H_3PO_4 extractable) fractions. Kinetic modelling of the experimental results allowed identifying the dominant reaction path for depletion of dissolved As( Ⅲ) to As( Ⅲ)absorbed on to the solid phase, followed by oxidation in the solid phase. Arsenite was initially adsorbed primarily to the easily exchangeable fraction((NH_4)_2SO_4 extractable), then rapidly transformed into As(V) and redistributed to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. Oxidation of As( Ⅲ) in recalcitrant fractions was less efficient. The iron oxide amendments illustrated the controls that iron oxides can have on As( Ⅲ) binding and transformation rates. In goethite amended samples As( Ⅲ) oxidation was faster and primarily occurred in the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. In these samples,19.3 μg Mn was redistributed(compared to the native sediment) from the easily exchangeable and crystalline Fe oxide bound fractions to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions, indicating that goethite may act as a catalyst for Mn(Ⅱ) oxidation, thereby producing sorbed Mn( Ⅲ/Ⅳ ), which then appears to be involved in rapidly oxidizing As( Ⅲ).     

Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions using waste textiles/poly(acrylic acid) composite synthesized by radical polymerization technique

Waste textiles(WTs) are the inevitable outcome of human activity and should be separated and recycled in view of sustainable development. In this work, WT was modified through grafting with acrylic acid(AA) via radical polymerization process using ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as an initiator and microwave and/or UV irradiation as energy supply. The acrylic acid-grafted waste textiles(WT-g-AA) thus obtained was then used as an adsorbent to remove Pb(Ⅱ) from Pb(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The effects of p H, initial concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ) and adsorbent dose were investigated, and around 95% Pb(Ⅱ) can be removed from the aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L at p H 6.0–8.0. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of35.7 mg Pb/g WT-g-AA. The Pb-absorbed WT-g-AA was stripped using dilute nitric acid solution and the adsorption capacity of Pb-free material decreased from 95.4%(cycle 1) to91.1%(cycle 3). It was considered that the WT-g-AA adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ) may be realized through the ion-exchange mechanism between \COOH and Pb(Ⅱ). The promising results manifested that WT-g-AA powder was an efficient, eco-friendly and reusable adsorbent for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

Influence of the structure and composition of Fe–Mn binary oxides on rGO on As(Ⅲ) removal from aquifers

Fe–Mn binary oxide(FMBO) possesses high efficiency for As(Ⅲ) abatement based on the good adsorption affinity of iron oxide and the oxidizing capacity of Mn(Ⅳ), and the composition and structure of FMBO play important roles in this process.To compare the removal performance and determine the optimum formula for FMBO, magnetic graphene oxide(MRGO)–FMBO and MRGO–MnO_2 were synthesized with MRGO as a carrier to improve the dispersity of the adsorbents in aquifers and achieve magnetic recycling.Results indicated that MRGO–FMBO had higher As(Ⅲ) removal than that of MRGO–MnO_2,although the ratios of Fe and Mn were similar, because the binary oxide of Fe and Mn facilitated electron transfer from Mn(Ⅳ) to As(Ⅲ), while the separation of Mn and Fe on MRGO–MnO_2 restricted the process.The optimal stoichiometry x for MRGO–FMBO(Mn_xFe_(3-x)O_4) was 0.46, and an extraordinary adsorption capacity of 24.38 mg/g for As(Ⅲ) was achieved.MRGO–FMBO showed stable dispersive properties in aquifers, and exhibited excellent practicability and reusability, with a saturation magnetization of 7.6 emu/g and high conservation of magnetic properties after 5 cycles of regeneration and reuse.In addition, the presence of coexisting ions would not restrict the practical application of MRGO–FMBO in groundwater remediation.The redox reactions of As(Ⅲ) and Mn(Ⅳ) on MRGO–FMBO were also described.The deprotonated aqueous As(Ⅲ) on the surface of MRGO–FMBO transferred electrons to Mn(Ⅳ), and the formed As(Ⅴ) oxyanions were bound to ferric oxide as inner-sphere complexes by coordinating their "–OH" groups with Mn(Ⅳ)oxides at the surface of MRGO–FMBO.This work could provide new insights into highperformance removal of As(Ⅲ) in aquifers.     

Arsenic species analysis in porewaters and sediments using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

It was observed that the atomic fluorescence emission due to signal during the determination of As（Ⅲ） in the mixture of As（Ⅲ） and As（V） could has a 10% to 40% of fluorescence emission As（V）. Besides, interferes from heavy metals such as Pb（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ） can cause severe increase of the signals as compared to the insignificant effects caused by Cd（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ）, Mn（Ⅱ） and Fe（Ⅲ）. On the basis of further studies, the masking agent of 8-hydroxyquinoline was used as an efficient agent to eliminate interference of As（V） emission and the heavy metal of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ in the measurements of arsenic species, After a series standard additions and CRM researches, a sensitive and interference-free analytical procedure was developed for the speciation of arsenic in samples of porewaters and sediments in Poyang Lake, China.     

Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

The massive production and wide use of surfactants have resulted in a large amount of surfactant residuals being discharged into the environment,which could have an impact on arsenic behavior.In the present study,the influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether(Triton X-100) on arsenic behavior was investigated in batch and column tests.The presence of SDBS and Triton X-100 reduced arsenic retention onto ferrihydrite(FH),enhanced arsenic transport through FH coated sand(FH-sand) columns and promoted arsenic release from the FH surface.With coexisting surfactants in solution,the equilibrium adsorbed amount of arsenic on FH decreased by up to 29.7% and the adsorption rate decreased by up to 52.3%.Pre-coating with surfactants caused a decrease in the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate of arsenic by up to 15.1% and 58.3%,respectively.Because of the adsorption attenuation caused by surfactants,breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) with SDBS in columns packed with FH-sand was 23.8% and 14.3%faster than that in those without SDBS,respectively.In columns packed with SDBS-coated FH-sand,transport of arsenic was enhanced to a greater extent.Breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) was 52.4% and 43.8% faster and the cumulative retention amount was 44.5% and 57.3% less than that in pure FH-sand column systems,respectively.Mobilization of arsenic by surfactants increased with the increase of the initial adsorbed amount of arsenic.The cumulative release amount of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) from the packed column reached 10.8% and 36.0%,respectively.     

Rapid adsorption of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution using multiwall carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave chemical vapor deposition technique

Multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb(Ⅱ)binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller(BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) analysis, and the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal(99.9%) of Pb(Ⅱ) are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb(Ⅱ) adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves

Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

Fe(II)、Fe(III)对砷与不同分子量腐植酸络合性能的影响

以腐植酸（HA）代表天然有机质,采用平衡透析和超滤的方法研究铁离子（Fe （II）、Fe （III））对不同分子量HA与砷离子（As （V）、As （III））络合作用的影响,并利用红外光谱（FT-IR）表征其络合特征.结果发现,Fe （II）和Fe （III）均能增强HA络合As能力,且对As （V）络合能力的增强作用大于As （III）;pH值显著影响HA络合As能力;溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度由5mg/L增大到200mg/L,As络合百分比随之增加,此时HA-Fe （III）络合As （III）百分比最大,为24.55%;初始As浓度由10μg/L增加1000μg/L,As络合百分比随之降低,其中HA-Fe （III）络合As （III）百分比最低,为3.11%.相同环境条件下,分子量>100kDa络合As百分比最大,其中HA-Fe （II）络合As （III）的百分比最高为26.43%;分子量小于10kDa的HA络合As百分比明显高于其他分子量的HA.Fe的增强作用主要源于Fe与羧基形成桥梁再与As络合形成三元络合物.     

Amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous composite microspheres for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@mesoporous SiO/ core-shell composite microspheres NH2-MS in created in multiple synthesis steps have been investigated for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption. The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer. Batch adsorption tests indicated that NH2-MS exhibited higher adsorption affinity toward Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） than MS did. The Langmuir model could fit the adsorption isotherm very well with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 and 51.81 mg/g for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）, respectively, implying that adsorption processes involved monolayer adsorption. Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics model, and was found to be strongly dependent on pH and humic acid. The Pb（Ⅱ）- and Cd（Ⅱ）-loaded microspheres were effectively desorbed using 0.01 mol/L HC1 or EDTA solution. NH2-MS have promise for use as adsorbents in the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） in wastewater treatment processes.     

Ligand effects on arsenite removal by zero-valent iron/O2: Dissolution, corrosion, oxidation and coprecipitation

Ligands may increase the yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zero-valent iron (ZVI)/O₂ systems. To clarify the relationship between the properties of ligands and their effects on the oxidative removal of contaminants, five common ligands (formate, acetate, oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and phosphate) as well as acetylacetone (AA) were investigated with arsenite (As(III)) as the target contaminant at three initial pH values (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). The addition of these ligands to the ZVI/O₂ system resulted in quite different effects on As(III) removal. EDTA enhanced the oxidation of As(III) to arsenate (As(V)) but inhibited the removal of As(V). Oxalate was the only ligand in this work that accelerated both the removal of As(III) and As(V). By analyzing the ligand effects from the four aspects: dissolution of surface iron (hydr)oxides, corrosion of ZVI, reaction with ROS, and interference with precipitation, the following properties of ligands were believed to be important: ability to provide dissociable protons, complexation ability with iron, and reactivity with ROS. The complexation ability is a double-edged sword. It could enhance the generation of ROS by reducing the reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple, but also could inhibit the removal of arsenic by coprecipitation. The elucidated relationship between the key property parameters of ligands and their effects on the ZVI/O₂ system is helpful for the rational design of effective ZVI/ligand/O₂ systems.     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

草海湖沉积物中重金属污染现状及生态风险评价

贵州草海湖是典型的高原天然淡水湖泊,属于长江上游金沙江支流的上源湖泊,研究其沉积物中重金属分布特征及生态风险评价对该区域及下游的水质监控与污染防治具有重要意义. 2017年7月采集贵州草海湖柱状沉积物,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪法和双道原子荧光光度计法分析沉积物中Zn、Cd、Ni、Fe、V、Cr、Pb、Cu、As等9种重金属元素的质量分数,并利用地累积指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行重金属污染评价.结果表明:草海湖表层沉积物各重金属质量分数平均值表现为w（Fe）（31 400.00 mg/kg）> w（Zn）（219.18 mg/kg）> w（V）（59.76 mg/kg）> w（Cr）（56.16 mg/kg）> w（Pb）（54.01 mg/kg）> w（Ni）（33.58 mg/kg）> w（Cu）（20.35 mg/kg）> w（As）（15.41 mg/kg）> w（Cd）（0.84 mg/kg）.表层（0~10 cm）沉积物中w（Fe）、w（Cr）、w（V）、w（As）、w（Cu）、w（Ni）分布较均匀,其元素主要来源于岩石风化、土壤侵蚀等自然源;w（Zn）、w（Cd）、w（Pb）分布相对离散,主要来源于农业、炼锌业和交通运输等人为源;在垂直（0~25 cm）方向上,w（Pb）、w（Cu）、w（V）、w（Ni）以波动型为主,w（Zn）、w（Cd）、w（As）主要为稳定型,w（Cr）和w（Fe）为富集型.重金属污染评价结果显示,草海湖沉积物中元素Zn、Pb均为偏中度污染、Cd为中度污染,其潜在生态风险高低表现为下游 > 上游 > 中游.研究显示,草海湖下游区域为中等潜在生态风险,Cd为主要的潜在生态风险因子,重金属的质量分数主要受土法炼锌和农业施肥等人为活动的影响.      

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by hydrous manganese dioxide: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the sulfite-induced autoxidation of Fe(II) in acidic aqueous solution

A spectrophotometric study employing stopped-flow techniques was performed of the sulfite-induced autoxidation of Fe(II) in acidic aqueous solution (pH < 3.9). In the presence of an excess Fe(II), simultaneous autoxidation of Fe(II) and sulfite occurs, and completes the catalytic cycle for the Fe(III) catalyzed autoxidation of sulfite. In the presence of an excess sulfite, the rapid formation of Fe(III) is followed by a slower redox process during which Fe(II) and sulfate are produced. The sulfite-induced autoxidation of Fe(II) is independent of the Fe(II) concentration. The suggested mechanism involves the rate-determining formation of SO₃⁻, followed by the formation of SO₅⁻and the subsequent oxidation of Fe(II).     

不同Fe(III)对活性污泥异化铁还原及除磷影响研究

以SBBR反应器活性污泥作为铁还原菌菌种来源,采用兼性厌氧/严格厌氧恒温培养试验,投加不同Fe(III)考察各条件下的异化铁还原能力,同时比较对磷的去除效果.结果表明:2种条件下Fe(III)还原能力具有较好的一致性,依次为:Fe(OH)3>氧化铁皮>青矿>红矿,其中严格厌氧条件下较好.同时,除磷效果与其呈正相关,富集培养至7d, Fe(OH)3及氧化铁皮体系出水磷浓度均达到2mg/L以下,之后继续降低,最终达到0.5mg/L以下.结合异化铁还原除磷机理,可以证明,不同Fe(III)表面吸附作用对TP的去除贡献较小,其主要作用为铁还原菌驱动下的化学沉淀去除.