五种土壤吸附喹乙醇特性的研究

用振荡平衡法研究了喹乙醇在东北黑土、常熟水稻土、陕西潮土、南京黄棕壤和江西红壤中吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,喹乙醇在5种土壤中的吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行良好的线性拟合.其吸附系数KF很小,分别为2.813,1.740,0.446,0.309和0.201,显示很难被土壤吸附.其KF与土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量呈良好的相关性.而与土壤pH值及黏粒含量相关性较差.温度和离子强度均对喹乙醇在土壤中的吸附有一定影响,较低的温度和离子强度均有利于土壤对喹乙醇的吸附.     

表面活性剂对2,4-二氯苯酚在黄土中吸附行为的影响

 研究了用阳离子表面活性剂单独改性和用阴、阳离子表面活性剂共同改性的黄土对水中2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附行为以及环境pH值和离子强度的影响.结果表明,天然黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的等温吸附曲线满足Freundlich方程;改性后的黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附能力明显增强,吸附率提高2～9倍,且随着阳离子表面活性剂加入量的增多而增大,等温吸附曲线与天然黄土有所不同,并且阴离子表面活性剂的存在会减小相应阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附;随着pH值的逐渐增大,2,4-二氯苯酚的离子形态逐渐增多不利于改性黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附,而离子强度对吸附的影响程度却随着pH值的逐渐增大而增强.     

土壤腐殖酸对毒死蜱的吸附

采用平衡振荡法进行农药毒死蜱在5种土壤腐殖酸上的吸附试验.结果表明,毒死蜱在不同土壤腐殖酸上的吸附行为表现出一定的差异,并均可Linear方程和Freundlich方程来描述;5种土壤腐殖酸对毒死蜱吸附能力都很强,吸附率均较高(平均值在72.57%～88.21%之间),大小顺序为:紫色潮土HA＞黄壤HA＞中性紫色土HA＞酸性紫色土HA＞腐殖土HA,此顺序与腐殖酸腐殖化程度一致;pH=2时,腐殖酸对毒死蜱的吸附能力显著增大;离子强度对毒死蜱的吸附影响不明显;腐殖酸添加量越大,单位质量的腐殖酸吸附量越小.     

Sorption of a triazol derivative by soils: importance of surface acidity

The sorption of a triazol derivative,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)penten-3-ol with a common name of s3307D,on fifteen soils and three H2O2-treated soils was investigated.The sorption isotherm for each untreated and treated soil was nonlinear,and was best fitted to Freundlich sorption equation.Soils containing hith amount of clay content or organic matter or both sorbed much higher amounts of the chemical than soils that had low contents of these soil constituents.H2O2-treated soils showed sonsiderable sorptive affinity for S3307D.It was concluded that both organic matter and mineral fraction in natural soils contributed to the sorption of the basic compound.Sorption by the H2O2 treated soils increased as suspension pH decreased,but all suspension pHs exceeded the pKa of the compound by more than two units.This implies that organic base protonation can occur on surfaces of soil components,and surface acidity (exchangeable acidity)is important in sorption process of the organic base rather than suspension pH.     

Effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the “soft” carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coe cient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 0.007) g/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

Effect of biosurfactant[0] on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and "soft" carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the "soft" carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coefficient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the "soft" carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 ± 0.007) μg/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

Sorption of tetracycline to sediments and soils: assessing the roles of pH, the presence of cadmium and properties of sediments and soils

Batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption behavior of tetracycline (TC, H₃L) on sediments and soils in the presence and absence of cadmium (Cd), as affected by pH and properties of sediments and soils. The results indicated stronger nonlinearity and higher capacity of TC sorption on sediments than on soils. Sorption of TC also strongly depended on environmental factors and sediment/soil properties. Lower pH facilitated TC sorption through a cation exchange mechanism, which also took place at pH values above 5.5, where TC existed as a zwitterion (H₂L⁰) or anions (HL⁻ and L²⁻). When pH was above 7, however, ligand-promoted dissolution of TC might occur due to TC weakening the Al-O bond of aluminum oxide and the Fe-O bond of iron oxide. Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a more important role in TC sorption than cation exchange capacity (CEC) and clay contents. The presence of Cd (II) increased TC sorption on both sediments and soils, which resulted from the decrease of equilibrium solution pH caused by Cd²⁺ exchange with H⁺ ions of sediment/soil surfaces. The increase of TC sorption was also related to the formation of TC-Cd complexes, where Cd²⁺ acted as a bridge between the sediment/soil and TC.     

Sorption of uranyl ions on TiO2: Effects of pH, contact time, ionic strength, temperature and HA

Sorption of U(VI) onto TiO₂ as functions of pH, ionic strength, contact time, soil humic acid (SHA), solid-to-liquid ratio and temperature was studied under ambient conditions using batch and spectroscopic approaches. The sorption of U(VI) on TiO₂ was significantly dependent on pH and ionic strength. The presence of SHA slightly enhanced the sorption of U(VI) on TiO₂ below pH 4.0, while it inhibited U(VI) sorption in the higher pH range. U(VI) sorption on TiO₂ was favored at high temperatures, and the sorption process was estimated to be endothermic and spontaneous. Reduction of U(VI) to lower valent species was confirmed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. It is very interesting to find that U(VI) sorption on TiO₂ was promoted in solutions with higher back-ground electrolyte concentrations. In the presence of U(VI), higher back-ground electrolyte made more TiO₂ particles aggregate through (001) facets, leading more (101) facets to be exposed. Therefore, the reduction of U(VI) was enhanced by the exposed (101) facets and more U(VI) removal was observed.     

黄河水体沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷的吸附

以黄河水及沉积物为研究对象 ,探讨了有机磷农药水胺硫磷和辛硫磷在黄河水体中的迁移规律 ,同时还研究了 pH值和离子强度等因素对迁移规律的影响。结果表明 ,沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷均有一定程度的吸附 ,且对辛硫磷的吸附量大于水胺硫磷 ,即辛硫磷在黄河水体中的迁移性小于水胺硫磷 ;其吸附等温线呈线性 ,是分配作用的结果。降低pH值和增加离子强度均使沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷吸附量减小。     

双酚S在两种典型地带性土壤中的吸附/解吸行为研究

采用批平衡实验方法研究了双酚S（BPS）在两种典型地带性土壤中的吸附/解吸行为.结果表明,吸附动力学曲线符合拟二级动力学方程.吸附等温线呈非线性,且同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程.相比而言,BPS更易吸附在高有机质含量的黑土中,298 K反应温度下BPS在黑土和红壤上的最大吸附容量分别为497.8和156.6 mg·kg^-1.吸附到两种土壤中的BPS存在解吸滞后现象,这可能是由于BPS以化学吸附和微孔扩散的形式存在于土壤中的缘故.溶液pH与BPS在土壤中的吸附容量呈负相关关系,即中性形态的BPS比阴离子形态的BPS具有更高的吸附容量.与结构类似物双酚A（BPA）的吸附相比,BPS在土壤中的吸附量更低,因此具有更高的迁移能力,可能会引起更高的环境健康风险.本研究结果为了解BPS在土壤中的迁移规律提供了数据支持.