粤西残斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

粤西残斑岩脉是由花岗斑岩脉遭受后期地质作用改造而成的 ,具有片状构造 ,片理产状与地层围岩一致。通过对该残斑岩的颗粒锆石U -Pb年龄测定 ,莸得两条不一致线 ,它们的下交点年龄分别为 40 4±6Ma和 42 8± 17Ma ,从而确定残斑岩脉的侵入年龄为 40 4～ 42 8Ma ,属加里东期。根据上交点年龄和2 0 7Pb/2 0 6Pb年龄推断 ,其源区物质较复杂 ,包含有 1737Ma、2 16 5Ma和 2 494Ma的物质 ,暗示粤西云开隆起区存在中、古元古代以及太古宙基底。     

冀西北与碱性杂岩有关的金矿床的成因探讨

冀西北的东坪、中山沟、后沟等金矿床产于碱性正长岩杂岩体的内外接触带，与岩体有成因联系。矿石为少硫化物型。矿体有三种类型：石英脉型；石英脉＋脉旁蚀变岩型；钾、硅化蚀变岩型。对微量元素、稀土元素及S、Pb、C、O和Si的同位素的研究结果表明，成矿物质主要来源于碱性杂岩体，成矿流体混合热液，成矿时代为燕山期（钾长石Ar－Ar年龄为156～177Ma）。矿床为燕山期强烈岩浆活动产生的岩浆水与大气降水作用形成的混合热液对海西期碱性杂岩体（327．4Ma）交代改造而形成的一种新的改造型热液金矿床。     

江西南部鹤仔片麻状花岗岩类Pb-Pb同位素年龄及地质意义

江西南部鹤仔一带的片麻状花岗岩体是在武夷山西南坡江西境内发现的最古老的片麻状花岗岩体.选取晶形好,无磁性锆石进行了Pb-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩体1848±20Ma、1774±20Ma,片麻状花岗闪长岩体为996±29Ma.它对进一步认识该区"中条"至"晋宁"期岩浆活动构造背景,中深变质岩时代确定等具有一定的意义.     

皖南谭山岩体的锆石定年及地质意义

皖南地区广泛分布燕山期岩浆岩,但其年代学方面的工作较为薄弱。为厘定该地区燕山期岩浆岩年代学格架,本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法对皖南谭山岩体的正长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学研究,两个样品的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为128.5±1.7Ma和128.3±1.5Ma,基本一致,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。结合本地区高精度年代学数据,皖南地区中生代岩浆岩可划分为三个峰期:第一峰期为142~139Ma;第二峰期为133~130Ma;第三峰期为128~125Ma。     

长乐—南澳构造带白垩纪“片麻状”浆混杂岩的成岩机制研究——以泉州肖厝岩体为例

闽东南长乐—南澳构造带沿线出露大面积白垩纪花岗岩岩基,普遍存在岩浆混合现象,肖厝侵入岩是其中的代表性岩体。野外观察和化学分析表明,肖厝侵入岩由二长花岗岩和辉长闪长岩、以及该两种混合端员岩浆混合形成的闪长质-花岗闪长质-花岗质过渡岩类组成;岩石总体富碱、富LREE和LILE、贫HFSE;A/CNK=0.82~1.05,属准铝质-微过铝质钙碱性系列,部分受流体交代的岩石A/CNK值可升高至1.69;岩浆混合过程中发生了元素的选择性富集/亏损和同位素组成的均一化,(87 Sr/86 Sr)i为0.7055~0.7061,εNd(t)为-1.9~-3.0。锆石年代学研究表明,肖厝侵入岩的岩浆混合开始于约136Ma,于121Ma时初始侵位于下地壳。结合区域地质特征,分析了肖厝侵入岩的成岩机制,提出岩体侵位早于长乐—南澳构造带的变质变形作用,两者不存在成因上的联系;118~100Ma时该构造带曾发生过深层次地壳逆冲推覆,使形成于中—下地壳的韧性剪切带和肖厝侵入岩共同快速上升至地表。     

首次直接测定太古代叠层石灰岩的放射性年代

本文旨在介绍用长寿命放射性衰变系统首次直接测定沉积碳酸盐岩的年龄。津巴布韦南部马斯文戈(旧称维多利亚堡)绿岩带的穆香迪克叠层石灰岩,其Pb/Pb等时线年龄为2839±33Ma。已发表的关于穆香迪克灰岩的年龄(～3.5Ga)的主张,其根据是猜想的穆香迪克花岗岩对它的侵入,据报道,该花岗岩体的Rb/Sr全岩年龄为3445±260Ma。穆香迪克花岗岩体的最新Rb-Sr和Pb/Pb同位素数据表明,该花岗岩体的侵位年龄可能为～2900Ma,新的野外证据表明,该花岗岩体构成了叠层石灰岩沉积的基底。因此,这些新年龄数据并不支持穆香迪克藻叠层石的年龄为～3.5Ga。Pb/Pb等时线方法可以测定前寒武纪含化石灰岩和不含化石灰岩的沉积年龄,因而对古生命问题的解决具有广泛的应用范围。     

北淮阳东段河棚岩体地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

河棚岩体位于北淮阳东段河棚地区,为似斑状细粒黑云钾长花岗岩,具较高的SiO_2和碱质含量,属于偏铝质碱性系列岩石。稀土元素含量中等,LaN/YbN与LREE/HREE值均较大,HREE相对于LREE明显亏损,Eu弱负异常,具较弱的Ce负异常,轻稀土分馏较明显,重稀土较平坦,属轻稀土富集型。岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K和高场强元素Th、U、Ce、Zr、Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得河棚岩体206Pb/238 U年龄为128.6±2.1 Ma,表明该岩体形成于燕山晚期,是早白垩世早期岩浆活动的产物,代表河棚岩体的成岩年龄。主、微量元素地球化学特征表明河棚岩体属于非造山A型花岗岩,形成于燕山晚期伸展构造环境。     

新疆尼勒克南部地区花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄

对巴斯陶萨依、莫斯早特套花岗斑岩地质、地球化学特点,锆石的特征进行了详细的研究和单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定。获得巴斯陶萨依岩浆结晶锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为241.3±3.6 Ma,以及继承性锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为292.3±5.6 Ma。综合各方面因素认为这两个岩体侵位时代为早三叠世(印支早期)。     

甘肃白银金属硫化物矿床及其矿区主要地质事件的同位素地质年代学研究

本文针对甘肃白银金属硫化物矿床长期争论的成矿时代问题，运用成因矿物学的方法，在对各采样点内锆石的标型特征、变生状态进行详细分类研究的基础上，采用锆石U－Pb同位素定年手段，测得成矿时代为464～440Ma，属加里东成矿期。同时结合矿区外围地层和岩体的同位素年代学研究，讨论了白银地区岩浆活动及主要地质事件的演化过程。     

北淮阳东段山七岩体地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

北淮阳东段山七岩体岩性为石英闪长岩,SiO_2、Al_2O_3含量中等,富碱质,Mg~#低,具偏铝质碱性系列岩石特征。稀土元素含量中等,LaN/YbN值和LREE/HREE值均较大,HREE相对于LREE明显亏损,具较弱的Ce负异常,轻稀土相对富集,分馏较明显,重稀土分馏不明显。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Zr、Hf、Y,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P、U。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得山七岩体~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为128.2±3.3Ma,属早白垩世早期。主量元素及微量元素地球化学特征均表明山七岩体岩浆来源于地壳,受地幔物质混染。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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