硼氢化钠还原法处理化学镀镍废液

采用硼氢化钠作为还原剂处理化学镀镍废液。研究了硼氢化钠投加量、反应时间、温度及pH对镍处理效果的影响。试验表明，投加一定量硼氢化钠溶液，控制pH为6、温度为50℃，反应10min后可以将废液中的镍由6000mg/L降至10mg/L以下。每升废液可获得54g淀淀物，其中镍质量分数达到66.1%。     

化学镀镍清洁生产工艺的研究

根据清洁生产的特征和实施原则,结合我们长期在化学镀镍领域内工作的实践及目前化学镀镍的现状,分析了在该领域内实施清洁生产的必要性、可行性,提出了建立化学镀镍清洁生产工艺的方案。     

化学气浮法处理庆大霉素废液研究

对较难进行固液分离处理的高浓度有机废水——庆大霉素废液,采用化学气浮法处理取得较好的分离效果,分离后的庆大霉素废液固体悬浮物含量可达到国家排放标准,去除率在97%以上。该方法投资小、耗能低、工艺简单、维修方便,但不能有效地去除废液中的可溶性有机物,尚需用生化法作进一步处理。     

印制电路板酸性蚀刻废液的回收利用

综述了酸性蚀刻废液的污染危害及处理现状,全面介绍了酸性蚀刻废液回收利用的方法.金属置换法、中和酸溶法方法简便、投资少;酸性蚀刻废液、碱性蚀刻废液自中和法制备碱式氯化铜经济、高效,是大型印制电路板制造企业间收利用蚀刻废液的优选方法;电解再生法不仪使蚀刻废液恢复原有的蚀刻效能,而且产出具有商业价值的铜,成为印制电路板制造企业的首选方法.     

化学镀铜废液的处理方法

该发明涉及降解化学镀铜废液中的有机污染物并回收正磷酸盐的一种化学镀铜废液处理方法。通过氧化方法将化学镀铜废液中的有机污染物氧化分解,同时把废液中的次磷酸根和亚磷酸根氧化成正磷酸根,正磷酸根与废液中的铜离子产生化学反     

维生素B12发酵废液治理技术

筛选了一株能较好利用维生素B12发酵废液并能得到单细胞菌体蛋白(SCP)的菌株。通过正交试验研究该菌株，得到其利用废液的最佳发酵条件。研究结果表明，使用该菌株能大大降低发酵废液的化学需氧量(COD)，COD去除率达到90％以上，有效减少或消除废液对环境的污染。     

J酸生产废液冷冻分离的研究

采用冷冻分离法处理J酸生产过程中产生的酸性废液,具有设备简单、能耗小、处理费用低的特点。该法的主要步骤:①将废液冷冻至-10——20℃,使其中的Na_2SO_4结晶析出,然后进行过滤去除;②将滤液进行换热、浓缩后,送回原生产工序循环使用。采用该法处理这种酸性废液,不但可消灭这种污染源,而且回收了资源。     

太阳能晶硅片切割废液资源化回收处理工艺研究

采用纯物理法，通过固液分离、脱色、精滤、真空蒸馏、指标调节等工艺技术，对太阳能晶硅片切割废液进行资源化回收处理，切割废液回收得到的产品各项性能指标满足使用要求，可以再次作为太阳能晶硅片切割液使用，实现切割废液资源化循环利用，以及社会、环境和经济效益的有机统一和协调发展。     

从铜氨废液中回收铜

分别采用化学沉淀法和电解法从电镀污泥水热合成铁氧体后过滤分离的铜氨废液中回收铜。实验结果表明：采用化学沉淀法处理铜氨废液，以体积比为1：1的盐酸调节铜氨废液pH为5．4～6．4，沉淀出碱式氯化铜固体，铜回收率在98％以上，1L铜氨废液可回收碱式氯化铜5．83g（合铜3．50g）；采用电解法处理铜氨废液，在电流密度250A／m^2、电解时间5h、电解温度60℃的条件下，1L铜氨废液可回收3．54g铜粉，铜回收率超过99％，铜粉的粒径和纯度均可达到GB5246-85《电解铜粉》的要求。     

碱性蚀刻废液的萃取电积再生

简要分析了碱性蚀刻废液的特点,总结了萃取电积法再生碱性蚀刻废液的基本原理,并进行了工程应用和环境效益分析。结果表明,碱性蚀刻再生液的蚀刻速率达60 m/min,蚀刻因子为3.5以上,回收铜纯度为99.95%。     

柠檬酸生产废水处理技术

分析了柠檬酸生产废水的来源及水质特性,综述了厌氧生物法、厌氧-好氧生物组合法、乳状液膜法等在柠檬酸废水处理中的应用,介绍了中和废水回用和利用柠檬酸发酵废液开发糖化酶制剂的技术。     

Bioleaching of metals from spent lithium ion secondary batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioleaching of spent lithium ion secondary batteries, containing LiCoO2, was attempted in this investigation. The present study was carried out using chemolithotrophic and acidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which utilized elemental sulfur and ferrous ion as the energy source to produce metabolites like sulfuric acids and ferric ion in the leaching medium. These metabolites helped dissolve metals from spent batteries. Bio-dissolution of cobalt was found to be faster than lithium. The effect of initial Fe(II) concentration, initial pH and solid/liquid (w/v) ratio during bioleaching of spent battery wastes were studied in detail. Higher Fe(II) concentration showed a decrease in dissolution due co-precipitation of Fe(III) with the metals in the residues. The higher solid/liquid ratio (w/v) also affected the metal dissolution by arresting the cell growth due to increased metal concentration in the waste sample. An EDXA mapping was carried out to compare the solubility of both cobalt and lithium, and the slow dissolution rate was clearly found from the figures.     

Organic oxalate as leachant and precipitant for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Spent lithium-ion batteries containing lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium are considered as an attractive secondary resource. In this work, an environmentally compatible process based on vacuum pyrolysis, oxalate leaching and precipitation is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries. Oxalate is introduced as leaching reagent meanwhile as precipitant which leaches and precipitates cobalt from LiCoO(2) and CoO directly as CoC(2)O(4)·2H(2)O with 1.0 M oxalate solution at 80°C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L(-1) for 120 min. The reaction efficiency of more than 98% of LiCoO(2) can be achieved and cobalt and lithium can also be separated efficiently during the hydrometallurgical process. The combined process is simple and adequate for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.     

从废弃镍氢电池负极板中回收稀土金属

通过废弃镍氢电池负极板在稀硫酸中的浸出实验，考察了稀硫酸浓度、稀硫酸体积与废弃镍氢电池负极板质量比（液固比）、浸出时间、搅拌转速等因素对稀土金属（RE）浸出率的影响。通过正交实验确定的最佳浸出条件：稀硫酸浓度为2．5mol／L，液固比为10，浸出时间为60min，搅拌转速为800r／min。在此条件下，RE浸出率为92．50％。基于RE的硫酸盐和无水硫酸钠生成RE复盐沉淀的原理，向稀硫酸浸出废弃镍氢电池负极板后得到的硫酸盐溶液中加入无水硫酸钠，得到RE复盐沉淀，通过正交实验确定的最佳沉淀条件为：溶液pH为2．0，无水硫酸钠与浸出液中RE^3＋的摩尔比为4，反应温度为60℃。在此条件下，RE回收率为94．6％。用X射线衍射仪对RE复盐进行了表征。     

Recovery of nickel oxide from spent catalyst

This study investigates the possibility of recovering nickel from the spent catalyst (NiO/Al2O3) resulting from the steam reforming process to produce water gas (H2/H2O) in many industries. In the extraction process, nickel is recovered as sulfate using sulfuric acid as a solvent. The considered parameters affecting nickel recovery were acid concentration, temperature and time of digestion solid:liquid ratio, particle size and stirring rate. Nickel was to be directly recovered as a sulfate salt by direct crystallization method. The conversion was 99% at 50% sulfuric acid concentration, solid: liquid ratio (1:12) by weight, particle size less than 500 micron for more than 5 h and 800 rpm at 100 degrees C.     

我国废炼油催化剂的产生量、危害及处理方法

根据我国每年的石油消费量估算了当年的废炼油催化剂产生量,预测2015年我国废炼油催化剂的产生量将达到2.07×105 t。介绍了废炼油催化剂的主要成分、含量与危害,分别论述了废流化催化裂化催化剂、废催化加氢催化剂和废催化重整催化剂的处理和利用方法,指出废炼油催化剂的再生及资源化和无害化应是未来的重点研究方向。     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理染料结晶废母液

采用Fenton试剂氧化法处理分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝3种染料结晶废母液。研究了H₂O₂加入量、n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）和废母液pH对COD去除率或TOC去除率的影响。对TOC去除反应分段进行了动力学方程拟合，并探讨了反应机理。实验得到的分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝的废母液处理工艺条件：H₂O₂加入量分别为264.4，352.9，441.2mmol/L；n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）分别为20，10，20；废母液pH=3。3种废母液在0~20min和20~120min两个阶段的反应与二级动力学拟合方程的相关性最好。3种废母液经Fenton试剂氧化处理后，部分有机物降解为小分子有机酸，部分有机物完全矿化。     

废催化裂化催化剂的危险性及污染特征

为考察我国废催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的危险性及污染特征,以国内典型FCC装置的废催化剂为研究对象,分析其易燃性、反应性、腐蚀性、浸出毒性、毒性物质含量及急性毒性。研究发现:废FCC催化剂无易燃性、反应性、腐蚀性、急性毒性危险;未检测出具有致癌致突变性的有机污染物;废FCC催化剂的特征污染物为Ni及其化合物,Ni的浸出浓度低于国家标准限值,Ni的存在形态为Ni Al2O4尖晶石,而非具有致癌性的Ni O形态。     

Co-pyrolysis of swine manure with agricultural plastic waste: Laboratory-scale study

Manure-derived biochar is the solid product resulting from pyrolysis of animal manures. It has considerable potential both to improve soil quality with high levels of nutrients and to reduce contaminants in water and soil. However, the combustible gas produced from manure pyrolysis generally does not provide enough energy to sustain the pyrolysis process. Supplementing this process may be achieved with spent agricultural plastic films; these feedstocks have large amounts of available energy. Plastic films are often used in soil fumigation. They are usually disposed in landfills, which is wasteful, expensive, and environmentally unsustainable. The objective of this work was to investigate both the energetics of co-pyrolyzing swine solids with spent plastic mulch films (SPM) and the characteristics of its gas, liquid, and solid byproducts. The heating value of the product gas from co-pyrolysis was found to be much higher than that of natural gas; furthermore, the gas had no detectable toxic fumigants. Energetically, sustaining pyrolysis of the swine solids through the energy of the product gas could be achieved by co-pyrolyzing dewatered swine solids (25% m/m) with just 10% SPM. If more than 10% SPM is used, the co-pyrolysis would generate surplus energy which could be used for power generation. Biochars produced from co-pyrolyzing SPM and swine solid were similar to swine solid alone based on the surface area and the ¹H NMR spectra. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of using pyrolysis technology to manage two prominent agricultural waste streams (SPM and swine solids) while producing value-added biochar and a power source that could be used for local farm operations.     

酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴

采用酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴。实验结果表明:废锂离子电池在600℃下煅烧5 h可将正极材料上的有机黏结剂与正极活性物质分离;正极活性物质在Na OH溶液浓度为2.0 mol/L、n(Na OH)∶n(铝)=2.5、碱浸温度为20℃的条件下碱浸反应1 h后,铝浸出率达99.7%;已除铝的正极活性物质在硫酸浓度为2.5 mol/L、H_2O_2质量浓度为7.25 g/L、液固比为10、酸浸温度为85℃的条件下酸浸反应120 min,钴浸出率高达98.0%;酸浸液在p H为3.5、萃取剂P507与Cyanex272体积比为1∶1的条件下,经2级萃取,钴萃取率为95.5%;采用H_2SO_4溶液反萃后在硫化钠质量浓度为8 g/L、反萃液p H为4的条件下沉淀反应10 min,钴沉淀率达99.9%。