化学质量平衡模型在香港污染源解析中的应用

根据香港地区污染源排放特点,应用化学质量平衡模型（CMB8模型）进行污染源解析分析,得出每个污染源对于受体地区颗粒物样本的排污贡献率。计算结果显示,柴油车尾气排放、城市居民烧煤和城市及乡村植物烧对于大气污染程度最重;其次是机动车轮胎磨损和海洋尘的污染;燃油电厂和建筑尘及轻型机动车尾气排放对于大气环境污染也有轻度的污染。以上分析可以为污染源治理提供一定的依据。     

湿式电除尘器在人造板行业尾气治理中的应用

目前,人造板行业尾气治理主要以旋风除尘和喷淋洗涤技术为主,除尘效率较低,颗粒物排放浓度普遍在100mg/Nm~3以上,无法满足目前的环保要求。本文以西北某木业公司年产25万m~3纤维板项目的干燥尾气治理工程为例,对湿式电除尘器在纤维板尾气治理过程中的设计进行了介绍。     

BME无组织排放颗粒物综合抑尘技术

<正>由柏美迪康环保科技(上海)有限公司开发的BME无组织排放颗粒物综合抑尘技术,适用于矿山、冶金、采石场、堆场、港口、建筑、火电厂、钢铁厂、垃圾回收处理等场所的物料转运、破碎、筛分、运输或其他外力作用产生的包括扬尘在内的各类粉尘污染治理,尤其对无组织排放颗粒物有良好的治理效果。主要技术内容一、基本原理BME无组织排放颗粒物综合抑尘技术,是在深入分析应用现场作业环境、产尘情况以及不同环节的粉尘发     

数据远程监测的非道路工程机械排放治理技术应用

非道路工程机械普遍采用柴油机作为动力总成,其颗粒物排放直接影响大气环境质量。基于数据远程传输和监测技术,文章对3台典型非道路工程机械开展了排放治理技术的应用研究,并对排放治理后的机械实行了颗粒物捕集器(DPF)运行状态评估。结果表明:经排放治理,可有效降低非道路工程机械污染物排放,并可获得持续减排效果。     

ISO26262对电动汽车电磁兼容性的影响

随着化石燃料的逐渐枯竭和尾气排放法规的逐渐严格,电动汽车逐渐得到了市场的认可,但是与此同时,电动汽车的安全和可靠性问题也越来越严峻。汽车功能安全标准ISO 26262对电动汽车的功能安全相关的要求进行了规定。对ISO 26262中对EMC的要求进行了梳理总结,并研究了其与现存EMC标准的关系。最后,提出了电动汽车改进EMC性能的方法和途径,从而更好地符合ISO 26262标准。     

机动车尾气检测数据传输管理系统研究

本文通过建立荆州市机动车尾气检测数据传输管理信息系统,对在检测和治理过程中产生的信息、尾气排放等相关数据进行采样,为交通管理部门决策提供科学依据。     

电动汽车电池技术的发展及环境影响

汽车排放污染已成为各国的主要环境问题之一,积极研究开发新型、清洁型能源,电动汽车已成为人们关注的焦点。电池技术是电动汽车发展的关键,已开发出的主要有铅酸、镍、银、锂、钠、空气、燃料及飞轮系列电地。电动汽车大大降低了汽车排放污染,但同时又造成了重金属污染等环境问题。     

国内外工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制标准研究

工业企业颗粒物无组织排放是环境空气中颗粒物的主要来源之一。长期以来,由于我国工业生产粗放型发展,环境管理不够精细,企业重视程度不够,从而导致颗粒物无组织排放问题越发突出,严重影响了我国大气环境质量的根本改善。工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制标准是我国大气污染物排放标准体系的重要组成部分,亦是颗粒物无组织排放管理和执法监管的重要技术依据。了解国内外当前工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制标准的发展现状、体系特点及存在的问题,有助于科学指导我国工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制标准的制定。本文系统研究了中国、美国、德国和日本的工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制法规及标准,通过对比分析,指出了我国工业源颗粒物无组织排放控制标准存在的问题,并提出完善标准的建议,为优化我国现行大气污染物排放标准体系、深化颗粒物污染防治和管理提供参考依据。     

燃料燃烧细颗粒物生成特性研究进展

大气污染首要污染物为颗粒物,尤其粒径小于2.5 μm的细颗粒物,被认为是引起我国雾霾天气的元凶,人们对细颗粒物生成、释放与控制问题更加关注.燃料燃烧排放的微细颗粒物是大气细颗粒物污染的主要来源之一.介绍了煤、生物质及有机固体废弃物3种燃料能源利用过程颗粒物的产生、释放特性,提出燃烧细颗粒物控制技术的未来发展方向.     

2014年大连星海三站点位空气污染原因分析

对2014年大连星海三站点位污染物浓度和污染日特征进行了分析。结果表明:星海三站点位采暖期颗粒物和二氧化硫污染较重,主要是受冬季采暖和区域性污染影响;臭氧在非采暖期尤其是7月污染较重,主要是太阳辐射加剧了光化学反应,使臭氧的转化率增高;二氧化氮浓度居高不下,主要受持续性工业污染及机动车尾气排放的影响。     

橡胶制品工业工艺废气排放因子探讨——以轮胎企业为例

介绍AP-42、GB27632—2011中橡胶制品工艺废气污染物情况,并与轮胎企业工艺废气污染物实测数据进行比较分析,探讨了工艺废气的排放因子。结果表明轮胎企业工艺废气主要来自于炼胶、硫化工序,排放主要污染物为颗粒物、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和二硫化碳,排放因子可参照AP-42确定。     

基于VMAS四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气污染削减预测

针对四川省在用车辆尾气污染情况开展了详细的调查研究,结果表明四川省机动车尾气污染中约71.3%的CO、68.6%的HC、95.3%的NOx和99.2%的PM均来自于汽车尾气。同时分析得出简易瞬态工况法是在用车辆尾气排放控制的有效控制方法,有利于四川省大气环境质量的改善,经预测采用简易瞬态工况法以及简易瞬态工况法排放标准后可使四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气排放的CO削减约28.76%~50.48%,HC+NOx削减约1.53%~23.24%。     

Policy evaluation of vehicle exhaust standards in Japan from 1995 to 2005 based on two human health risk indices for air pollution and global warming

Measures for vehicle exhaust emissions aimed at reducing either air pollution or global warming could have counterproductive effects on one another. Increasing diesel passenger vehicles, which generally have lower CO₂ emissions than gasoline counterparts, leads to increasing particulate matter (PM) emissions, while gasoline has lower PM emissions than diesel. It is said that stringent limits on PM emission factors discourages improved CO₂ emission factors. Without including both effects in a risk evaluation, one cannot evaluate whether the total risk is reduced or not. Hence, we evaluated representative exhaust emission measures based on risk evaluation for both air pollution and global warming. Considering consumer choice between diesel and gasoline passenger vehicles and emissions standards adopted in Japan from 1995 to 2005, we built five cases for vehicle policy evaluation. For each case, we estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as an index of human health risk caused by lung cancer linked to inhalation exposure of elemental carbon in PM as well as due to global warming linked to CO₂. The results of our risk evaluation reveal that the case adopting the 2005 new long-term Japanese emission standard reduces the human health risk caused by lung cancer due to air pollution by 0.6 × 10³ DALY, but would increase the risk due to global warming by 31.9 × 10³ DALY compared with the case of adopting EURO 4, for the same conditions of passenger vehicle choice from 1995. These results suggest that the characteristics of Japanese emissions standards are mainly designed to reduce air pollution.     

泸州市主城区2019年3月至2020年2月大气颗粒物污染特征及防治对策研究

为了解泸州市主城区颗粒物污染变化特征及成因,选取2019年3月至2020年2月空气自动监测数据,运用Origin2017等技术手段对PM2.5与PM10的时间变化特征、污染来源方向以及污染物之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:PM2.5与PM10在不同季节的变化趋势均具有较好的一致性,不同站点污染物相关性特征明显。分析表明:泸州市主城区颗粒物污染成因为工业企业排放、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧、燃煤、扬尘以及不利气象条件等,建议对6类污染排放进行管控。     

作业机废气减排技术研究

柴油发动机尾气排放中含有比汽油发动机更多的颗粒污染物。文章叙述了尾气净化装置反应原理,触媒及化学稳定性,柴油氧化催化剂和颗粒催化过滤器优点。通过外部加装尾气净化装置,解决了尾气污染问题,具有较好的发展前景、较强的实用性和可操作性。     

民爆企业废气排放现状及治理措施研究

通过对某民爆企业废气排放现状进行分析发现,该厂废气主要来源于稀硝酸配制产生的硝烟和粉尘、硫化氢、爆炸烟气、硝烟、一甲胺的无组织排放。针对该企业废气排放现状,提出了采用新建硝烟吸收罐对稀硝酸配制过程中产生的硝烟进行吸收处理和拟采用碱液吸收系统对产生的硫化氢气体进行处理等治理措施。     

Simple estimates of vehicle-induced resuspension rates

Road dust emissions are considered to be a major source of airborne particulate matter (PM). This is particularly true for industrial environments, where there are high resuspension rates of deposited dust. The calculation of roads as PM emission sources has mostly focused on the consequences of this emission, viz. the increase in PM concentrations. That approach addresses the atmospheric transport of the emitted dust, and not its primary origin. In contrast, this paper examines the causes of the emission. The study is based on mass conservation of the dust deposited on the road surface. On the basis of this premise, estimates of emission rates were calculated from experimental data obtained in a road in a ceramic industrial area.     

秦皇岛市空气质量指数AQI现状分析

通过对秦皇岛市2012—2013年的空气质量对比分析,得出2013年空气质量优良率明显下降,由2012年的96.5%下降到59.4%,其中,1月份空气污染最为严重,其次是8月份。秦皇岛市出现频率较高的前三个首要污染物分别为PM10、PM2.5、O3。提高秦皇岛市的空气质量应着重控制颗粒物和臭氧的排放及形成,更需注重1月份和8月份的空气质量状况。建议通过对重污染企业限排、机动车限行以及增加道路洒水次数等方法提高秦皇岛市的空气质量。     

应用CALINE4模式估算机动车排放污染物的浓度——以济南市主干道为例

随着经济的快速发展,机动车排气污染已成为我国城市空气污染的重要来源,而且在一定时段,机动车排气污染已成为空气污染最主要的污染源之一。以济南市经十路为例,采用实地调查的方法,得出各时段的车流量,选用大气环评助手EIAA中的CALINE4模式对机动车尾气中的主要污染物CO、NOx、THC的排放浓度进行估算,得出3种污染物CO、NOx、THC最大值均出现在7:00—8:00之间,最小值均出现在12:00-13:00之间,排放强度由大到小为:CO、THC、NOx。     

Forecasting environmental equity: air quality responses to road user charging in Leeds, UK

Sustainable development requires that the goals of economic development, environmental protection and social justice are considered collectively when formulating development strategies. In the context of planning sustainable transport systems, trade-offs between the economy and the environment, and between the economy and social justice have received considerable attention. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to environmental equity, the trade-off between environmental and social justice goals, a significant omission given the growing attention to environmental justice by policy makers in the EU and elsewhere. In many countries, considerable effort has been made to develop clean transport systems by using, for example, technical, economic and planning instruments. However, little effort has been made to understand the distributive and environmental justice implications of these measures. This paper investigates the relationship between urban air quality (as NO2) and social deprivation for the city of Leeds, UK. Through application of a series of linked dynamic models of traffic simulation and assignment, vehicle emission, and pollutant dispersion, the environmental equity implications of a series of urban transport strategies, including road user cordon and distance-based charging, road network development, and emission control are assessed. Results indicate a significant degree of environmental inequity exists in Leeds. Analysis of the transport strategies indicates that this inequity will be reduced through natural fleet renewal, and, perhaps contrary to expectations, road user charging is also capable of promoting environmental equity. The environmental equity response is, however, sensitive to road pricing scheme design.