浅谈医用X射线CT机房辐射环境监测

本文从监测仪器、监测方法、监测布点等方面,简要说明了医用X射线CT机房辐射环境监测要点,对做好医用X射线CT机房辐射环境监测具有一定现实意义。     

飞机外场腐蚀损伤检测方法研究

目的研究飞机外场条件下适用的腐蚀损伤检测方法。方法针对某型飞机铝合金和结构钢的腐蚀损伤特点,采用X射线CR(计算机放射成像系统,Computed Radiography,简称CR)、X射线DR(Digital Radiography,简称DR)、红外热波检测等无损检测方法对铝合金和结构钢的典型腐蚀损伤件进行检测,优选及并验证适合用于飞机腐蚀损伤的外场检测方法。结果 X射线CR检测方法可检测铝合金和结构钢单层隐蔽腐蚀损伤和多层隐蔽裂纹,X射线DR检测方法可检测铝合金和结构钢单层/多层隐蔽腐蚀损伤/裂纹,红外热波检测方法只可检测铝合金和结构钢单层隐蔽腐蚀损伤。结论相较于X射线CR和红外热波检测方法,X射线DR成像检测方法能够更可靠、便捷地检测铝合金和结构钢单层/多层结构隐蔽腐蚀/裂纹损伤,更适于飞机结构腐蚀损伤的外场检测。     

某高砷煤电厂SCR脱硝催化剂性能检测与评价

为分析燃煤电厂平板式抗砷中毒SCR脱硝催化剂在高砷燃煤烟气中的运行效果,测试了抗砷中毒SCR脱硝催化剂和新鲜催化剂的脱硝活性,通过X射线原子荧光(XRF)、N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方式表征催化剂样品.结果表明:运行一年的催化剂在150～450℃烟气条件下的脱硝活性与新鲜催化剂非...     

大气中不同悬浮微粒的解析法

为了掌握柴油机排气中微粒 ( DEP)和轮胎磨损粉尘微粒等大气环境中微粒的准确特性 ,碳等轻元素组成情报就是一个重要的因素。虽以前用散能 X射线光谱仪 ( EDS)检测原子序数 1 0以下的轻元素困难 ,但近年来开发了聚丙烯超薄膜检测孔的散能 X射线光谱仪 ( EDS)析测器 ,就可以测定这些轻元素特性 X射线。如使用备有电子探针 X射线显微分析 ( EPMA)装置新的散能 X射线显微分析 ( EDS)和新开发的试样前处理法及试样捕集法 ,就能实现掌握柴油机排气中微粒 ( DEP)和轮胎磨损粉尘微粒等的准确的特性。另外 ,根据扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观测…     

核电与环境

在约100年前,科学家发现某些物质能放出三种射线;α(阿尔法)射线、β(贝塔)射线、γ(伽玛)射线。以后的研究证明,α射线是α粒子(氦原子核)流,β射线是β粒子(电子)流,统称粒子辐射。类似的还有中子射线、宇宙射线等。γ射线是波长很短的电磁波,称为电磁辐射。类似的还有X射线等。     

X射线结晶学在地学中的应用现状

本文概略地述评了X射线衍射方法在地学方面的应用现状:单晶结构分析和结构矿物学及其发展;X射线粉末法,特别是晶胞参数测定方法在造岩矿物研究中的应用;用单晶X射线照相研究造岩矿物调制结构;X射线粉末法在粘土矿物学及煤岩学上的应用,等等。 同时,还介绍了笔者在用X射线粉末法及单晶分析研究造岩矿物方面的主要成果。     

辐射与核

辐射存在于整个宇宙空间.辐射防护是研究保护人类和其他生物种群免受或少受辐射危害的应用性学科,辐射分为电离辐射和非电离辐射两类.α射线、β射线、γ射线、X射线、质子和中子等属于电离辐射,而红外线、紫外线、微波和激光则属于非电离辐射.     

美国X射线光谱分析的现状和发展——访美工作见闻之二

<正> 四、质子激发X射线发射光谱(PIXE) 和重离子散射谱分析质子激发X射线发射光谱(Proton InducedX-Ray Emissian,简称PIXE)分析是60年代末发展起来的一种新的微量分析技术,其发展是与粒子加速器技术愈来愈广泛的应用分不开的。与基于光电效应的X射线荧光法不同,这属于带电粒子激发的X射线发射,与电子激发X射线的过程类似。带电粒子激发X射线的截面随粒子能量的升高和被激发原子序数的降低而增大,而且呈单调连续变化。这与光电效应的过程恰恰相反。首先,光电效应的截面随光子能量呈     

新疆某X射线探伤室放射性防护水平调查分析

通过对某型号X射线探伤室在运行期间放射性防护水平,为新建同型号X射线探伤室提供数据参考,掌握X射线探伤所需探伤室屏蔽的基本资料,为开展环境辐射水平评价提供科学依据。     

X射线晶体学对造岩矿物研究的应用

本文主要叙述XRD（X射线衍射）及单晶X射线回摆图在选岩矿物研究中的应用，不涉及X射线晶体结构分析。     

An improved procedure for analysis of PM10 filters by X-ray powder diffraction

Speciation results from earlier methods of quantitative analysis of TSP, dichotomous, and PM₁₀ filters for compounds by XRD were often marginal to unacceptable because of very light loadings and the interfering effects of substrate fibres in cases of ultrasonic extraction and concentration. A method for analysis of very lightly loaded PM₁₀ filters has been developed, using ultrasonic particle stripping, X-ray transmission of unloaded blank filters, substrate diffraction X-ray analysis, and mass absorption balance, along with the usual X-ray diffraction scanning. Analysis of a set of filters having less than 105 μg m cm⁻² sample load is used to illustrate the improved procedure.     

可吸入颗粒物中非晶质含量的原样XRD分析

为了获取尽可能完整的样品信息,直接利用采集的大气PM10原样进行非晶质X射线衍射(XRD)的定量分析.按照实际PM10的构成用玻璃纤维滤膜采集人为模拟大气结晶颗粒物样品,结合实验拟合得到的滤膜衍射图,推导出根据空白滤膜衍射强度计算不同样品载量时滤膜的衍射强度公式,从而消除了滤膜的基底效应的影响,并计算出实际大气样品中非晶质的衍射强度.采用无定形碳模拟大气中的非晶质,通过测定纯碳的衍射强度,得到纯碳比空白玻璃纤维滤膜的参比强度K为0.59,类比绝热法求出非晶质的质量百分比.应用该方法对北京市2010年冬季采集到的一组大气可吸入颗粒物样品进行了原样XRD分析,得出其非晶质含量分别为10.44%、13.83%、15.12%、15.88%和11.96%.     

Analytical study of the deterioration of sandstone,marble and granite

The deterioration of sandstone, marble and granite has been studied under ambient atmospheric conditions. Specially constructed sampling devices, called “micro catchment units”, were installed to sample the run-off water, i.e. the rain water that flows over the stones. Several analysis techniques were invoked for the analysis of the bulk run-off water, as well as electron probe X-ray microanalysis for individual particles in the run-off. An overview of the work is given and preliminary results are discussed.     

X射线荧光光谱分析法在土壤样品多元素分析中的应用

用Epsilon5偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定土壤样品中27种元素。方法的准确度用GBW07323和GSS-32标准样品验证,结果均在标准值范围内。方法的精密度用GBW07401标准样品检验,除Ni、Mo、Se和Pr四种元素的RSD〉10%外,其余被测元素的RSD均〈6.3%。实验表明用X射线荧光光谱分析法测定土壤样品中多种元素,具有方法简便、灵敏、准确,检出限低等特点。     

Study on preparation and microwave absorption property of the core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La

Microwave absorbing material plays a great role in electromagnetic pollution controlling, electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology, etc. The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, which is applied to the electromagnetic wave absorption. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with La. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating, which caused outstanding magnetic properties. The microwave absorbing property of the sample was measured by reflectivity far field radar cross section of radar microwave absorbing material with vector network analyzer. The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction enhanced magnetic loss of composite materials. Therefore, in the frequency of 5 GHz, the reflection coefficient can achieve ?24 dB. It is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

Study on preparation and microwave absorption property of the core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La

Microwave absorbing material plays a great role in electromagnetic pollution controlling, electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology, etc. The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, which is applied to the electromagnetic wave absorption. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with La. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating, which caused outstanding magnetic properties. The microwave absorbing property of the sample was measured by reflectivity far field radar cross section of radar microwave absorbing material with vector network analyzer. The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction enhanced magnetic loss of composite materials. Therefore, in the frequency of 5 GHz, the reflection coefficient can achieve -24 dB. It is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

新型混凝剂聚磷氯化铝的基础研究

提出以碱氯化度B_p作为新型混凝剂聚磷氯化铝的控制参数,以使聚磷氯化铝与聚合氯化铝有可比较的基准。推导出B_p的计算公式为B_p=B~·+2R,并通过酸解聚实验解释了B_p的理论意义和工程意义.用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射分析鉴定了固体聚磷氯化铝。      

Modeling of the influence of sample preparation sequences when measuring selectively induced residual stress depth profiles

The selective introduction of compressive residual stresses is gaining increasing importance as design tool in today's manufacturing process chains. Manufacturing processes such as shot peening or hydraulic autofrettage are used to improve the surface integrity, and hence the fatigue life of the components. However, measuring the corresponding residual stress depth profiles is a challenging task as the results will always include the manufacturing and preparation history of the components. In this paper, results of residual stress measurements with X-ray diffraction and optical hole-drilling after autofrettage and sample preparation are presented and compared to a finite element analysis for two representative geometries. The presented approach can be used to predict the influence of the mandatory sample preparation procedure. As a consequence, the effectiveness of the manufacturing process to improve the surface integrity can be predicted more precisely and wrong interpretations of the measured residual stress depth profiles can be avoided.     

利用城市污水处理厂污泥生产生态水泥

使用城市生活污水处理厂污泥作为水泥熟料煅烧过程中的添加剂,并以生产标号为P.O42.5的普通硅酸盐水泥作对比,研究了向单位生料掺入污泥量(质量分数)为0%、0.50%、1.00%、1.50%、2.00%和2.50%时生产出水泥样品的性能.对水泥熟料XRD、显微结构、生料和熟料的粒度分析、物质变化以及水泥的凝结时间、比表...