江苏省水质自动监测系统建设与运行管理

江苏省水质自动监测系统自20世纪80年代初开始酝酿,经过多年发展,目前已建成水质自动监测站37个,其中国家投资建设7个,省全额投资21个,省环保厅定额补助8个,地方完全自建1个;省际交界断面3个,市际交界断面16个,太湖出入湖8个,饮用水源9个,南水北调东线源头1个.配备的自动监测仪器主要有德国WTW公司、英国ABB公司、澳大利亚Aqaulab公司的五参数分析仪,法国Series公司的I Mn、TOC、NH 3-N、TN、TP、挥发酚、粪大肠菌群分析仪,以及部分德国科泽公司、WTW公司、湖南力合公司的I Mn、NH 3-N分析仪等.     

水质自动监测站的运行管理与水质预警

水质自动监测站在环境管理中发挥着重要的作用,结合东台市环境监测站水质自动监测站的运行实践,客观地分析了水站运行中的存在问题,提出建立科学的管理方式,确保运行经费的投入,建立畅通的信息响应和预警机制,加强基层站对水质自动监测数据的应用以及上下游信息共享等建议。     

船载自动监测系统在水质监测中的应用

水质监测是开展水生态环境评价、监管的基础性工作之一。随着对水生态环境保护与管理要求的提高,人工水质监测与自动水质监测相结合的模式应用越来越普遍。以船舶为载体的水质自动监测系统开展巡测,可实现高密度样品采集、检测及信息的实时传输,在长江泸州以下干流水域的实践中取得了良好效果。系统的应用可弥补常规监测断面间距过大、人工监测频次低、固定站房式水质自动监测站近岸取样等不足,对人工监测和自动监测形成有效补充;船载水质自动监测系统能够实现定点、定深、定时监测,可以在河流污染带监测、入河排污行为的监管以及偷排行为的溯源、水污染应急动态监测等工作中发挥有效作用,既可应用于长江干流等河道较宽且水质可能存在岸别差异的河流,也可应用于滇池、太湖、丹江口等大型湖泊、水库水生态环境监管。     

水质自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证和控制

本文以常州市武进水质自动监测站的工作为例,阐述了水质在线监测系统在水质自动监测过程中的质量保证措施和质量控制措施．     

建立水质自动监测系统的思考

结合章郭水质自动监测系统的可行性研究,在建立水质自动监测系统过程中对监测站位的选取、监测项目的选择、水质自动监测系统的组成、数据的采集与处理、系统的维护及管理、存在的问题等方面进行探讨,水质自动监测系统的建设可以弥补水质监测的不足,同时为实施总量控制及环境管理提供了可靠的依据。     

河流水质自动监测系统建设与运行中常见问题分析

工程设计、基础设施建设、分析仪器、辅助系统、采样系统等方面探讨了水质自动监测系统建设及运行中常见的问题,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

水质自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证和质量控制

以常州市武进水质自动监测站的工作为例,根据水质自动监测系统的技术特点,提出健全各项规章制度,培训技术人员,建立质量保证体系和自动监测系统运行的质量控制方法,以保证水质自动监测系统的正常运行。     

谈水质自动监测

自动监测是环境监测技术发展的一个方向,这主要因为它能连续反映环境污染的动态变化和及时监测.还能减少或消除手工误差.提高恻定精度,担负大量样品的分析.本文简要介绍了水质监测系统的构成和水质自动监测分析技术的分类与特点以及该技术的进展,着重谈了水质自动监测在实施排污总量控制和在强化污染源监督监测与水源保护等应用中的必要性和迫切性等看法.并评论了对开展水质自动监测在认识上的两种片面观点.     

水质自动监测系统的研究与探讨

对水质自动监测系统五参数、氨氮、总有机碳进行了比对测定,结果显示,该系统灵敏、准确、快捷、省力,与常规监测数据吻合较好.提出解决TOC与CODCr转换系数有关问题的建议.     

空气自动监测系统运行管理故障处理

结合宿迁市空气质量自动监测系统运行实践,解析API点式仪器SO2、NOX分析仪校标不稳、测值偏低,BAM-1020BETA射线颗粒物监测仪纸带易破,数据采集系统线路不畅、数据不完整等常见故障,提出相应的解决方法和预防对策.     

江苏省环境监测质量管理的探索与实践

针对目前交界断面水质监测与空气自动监测站质量管理工作中存在的质控难点,介绍了江苏省的解决办法。通过统一技术细节、联合监测及强化监测人员持证上岗自认定考核等手段,解决了交界断面水质监测技术纠纷;通过设立省级质管站、进行可信度评估等措施,强化空气自动监测站的质量管理。     

山东省生态环境质量现状及动态变化研究

以2005年和2009年美国陆地卫星（Landsat TM）影像为基本数据源,利用遥感与GIS技术对山东省生态环境状况进行了监测,并依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》（HJT 192-2006）,对山东省生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明,山东省生态环境质量总体处于一般水平;2005—2009年山东省生态环境质量状况基本稳定,局部地区有所改善。     

江苏省“十四五”地表水监测网优化调整思路与实践

分析了江苏省“十三五”地表水监测网状况及存在的问题,根据新形势下水环境管理和水生态保护的新要求,提出了该省“十四五”地表水监测网优化调整思路及预期目标。比对评估表明,优化调整后的地表水监测网实现了“三提升,一突破”,河湖覆盖率、跨界水体覆盖率和重点区域监控密度明显提升,农业面源监测有所突破,在助力发现水质薄弱区域、推动重点区域有效截污控源、促进化解跨界地区污染纠纷等方面具有实践成效。     

山东省生态环境监测网络建设发展建议

介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。     

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing has been studied in Finland for many years. But there are still few discussions on water quality monitoring using remote sensing technology in support of water policy and legislation in Finland under the WFD. In this study, we present water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the Gulf of Finland, and focus on the spatial distribution of water quality information from satellite-based observations in support of water policy by a case study of nitrate concentrations in surface waters. In addition, we briefly describe instruments using a system of river basin districts (RBD), highlighting the importance of integrated water resources and river-basin management in the WFD, and discuss the role of water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the implementation of water policy in Finland under the WFD.     

Integrating sentinel watershed-systems into the monitoring and assessment of Minnesota’s (USA) waters quality

Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires States and Tribes to list waters not meeting water quality standards. A total maximum daily load must be prepared for waters identified as impaired with respect to water quality standards. Historically, the management of pollution in Minnesota has been focused on point-source regulation. Regulatory effort in Minnesota has improved water quality over the last three decades. Non-point source pollution has become the largest driver of conventional 303(d) listings in the 21st century. Conventional pollutants, i.e., organic, sediment and nutrient imbalances can be identified with poor land use management practices. However, the cause and effect relationship can be elusive because of natural watershed-system influences that vary with scale. Elucidation is complex because the current water quality standards in Minnesota were designed to work best with water quality permits to control point sources of pollution. This paper presents a sentinel watershed-systems approach (SWSA) to the monitoring and assessment of Minnesota waterbodies. SWSA integrates physical, chemical, and biological data over space and time using advanced technologies at selected small watersheds across Minnesota to potentially improve understanding of natural and anthropogenic watershed processes and the management of point and non-point sources of pollution. Long-term, state-of-the-art monitoring and assessment is needed to advance and improve water quality standards. Advanced water quality or ecologically-based standards that integrate physical, chemical, and biological numeric criteria offer the potential to better understand, manage, protect, and restore Minnesota’s waterbodies.     

Water quality assessment of Ogun river, South West Nigeria

The quality of Ogun river in South-West, Nigeria was studied by a field survey for a period of 1 year (covering dry season and rainy season). Water samples were collected from thirteen sites and analysed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters as well as heavy metals using standard methods. Generally, the values obtained for turbidity, phosphate, oil and grease, iron and faecal coliform from all the sites in both seasons were above the maximum acceptable limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Also, the manganese content from all the sites in the dry season, lead concentrations from three sites in the dry season and cadmium concentrations from some sites in both seasons were above the WHO limit. The values obtained for total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen and chloride at site M in the dry season and nitrate at site J in the rainy season were also above the WHO limit. Pollution of Ogun river water along its course is evidenced by the high concentrations of pollution indicators, nutrients and trace metals above the acceptable limit. This poses a health risk to several rural communities who rely on the river primarily as their source of domestic water. The study showed a need for continuous pollution monitoring programme of surface waters in Nigeria.     

在线自动监测与手工分析地表水总氮的可比性研究

对比浙江省地表水水质自动监测站总氮在线监测与实验室手工方法,分析进口水质总氮自动监测仪在国内的适用性以及与手工方法的可比性。结果表明,一些国外引进的自动监测仪在国内使用时要根据我国水体的实际情况在实验条件上作一定的改进,改进后的监测数据与手工方法才具有可比性。     

山东省省级自然保护区人类活动遥感监测与评价

基于2018年高分系列遥感影像数据,提取山东省省级自然保护区人类土地利用活动信息,探讨人类活动对山东省省级自然保护区的影响。结果表明,自然保护区人类活动总面积占保护区总面积的22.2%,人类活动影响指数介于0~0.01368。不同类型的自然保护区人类活动面积不同,主要影响因子差异明显,森林生态类保护区以农业用地为主,内陆湿地类保护区以养殖场为主。内陆湿地类保护区是受到人类干扰程度最为严重的保护区类型,野生动物类保护区受到人类影响最小。     

和田地区环境监测质量管理工作初探

结合和田地区环境监测站环境监测质量管理现状,就提高环境监测质量管理水平,充分发挥其在环境管理中的基础性作用,初步探讨了环境质量管理的必要性和基本思路。