印染废水处理技术难点浅析

印染废水是一种有机物含量高、色度高、生化性能差的难降解有机废水,本文结合我国印染行业及其废水处理技术实际情况,综合讨论了目前印染废水处理技术中COD难以降低和高色度废水难以脱色的两大难点.     

沉淀-活性污泥-沉淀工艺处理印染废水

对印染废水采用沉淀-活性污泥-沉淀进行连续处理。结果表明：该处理工艺具有废水处理效果好、出水水质稳定、操作管理方便等优点，是处理印染废水的有效方法之一。     

粉煤灰处理印染废水的现状及分析

本文综述了粉煤友在印染废水中的应用。粉煤灰作为吸附剂可直接处理印染废水，处理效率较低，改性后粉煤灰可提高吸附性；利用粉煤灰的混凝作用对COD的去除率一般为50％-60％，色度去除率为80％左右；当粉煤灰与铁屑产生电化学作用时，用于印染废水预处理是行之有效的；作为印染废水助凝助沉剂，结合其他工艺，可使印染废水中COD和色度去除率分别达到90％和95％以上，并列举了粉煤灰处理印染废水成功的实例。但仍应加强理论研究，解决工程与设备问题是今后的工作方向。     

我国印染废水处理概况及研究进展

综述了我国印染行业的环保概况,分析了印染废水的来源与特点,介绍了印染废水的物化处理和生化处理方法,以及目前国内印染废水处理的工艺概况,提出了清洁生产、末端治理与行业导向等相关建议。     

改性凹土处理印染废水的研究

文章讨论了凹凸棒土的热处理改性方法，利用改性凹凸棒土对印染废水进行吸附脱色和降低COD性能研究，考察了改性温度、pH值、凹凸棒土投加量、吸附时间等因素的影响。结果表明：改性凹凸棒土对印染废水CODcr和色度有较好的去除能力，CODcr的去除率可达80％，脱色率可达98％以上，具有工业应用前景。     

广州新洲环保工业园水质净化厂工程

一、项目概况 新洲环保工业园水质净化厂位于增城市新塘镇，日处理综合印染废水5万吨。综合印染废水主要包括牛仔服装洗漂废水、牛仔纱线浆染废水、梭织布印染废水、针织布印染废水等。该工程由广州中环万代环境工程有限公司设计承建，采用了以生化处理为主、结合选择性物化处理的工艺方法（CEAO印染废水处理技术）。该工程于2003年4月动工建设，2004年5月投入运行，出水达到了广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》（DB44／26-2001）。     

厂州新洲环保工业园水质净化厂工程

一、项日概况 新洲环保工业园水质净化厂位于增城市新塘镇，日处理综合印染废水5万吨。综合印染废水主要包括牛仔服装洗漂废水、牛仔纱线浆染废水、梭织布印染废水、针织布印染废水等。该工程由广州中环万代环境工程有限公司设计承建，采用了以生化处理为主、结合选择性物化处理的工艺方法（CEAO印染废水处理技术）。该工程于2003年4月动工建设，2004年5月投入运行，出水达到了广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》（DB44／26—2001）。     

臭氧氧化法处理印染废水

本实验通过印染废水处理装置的建立,研究了臭氧处理印染废水的消耗量与废水ＣＯＤ值变化、废水色度去除率的关系,,以及不同ｐＨ值的印染废水和臭氧处理时间的关系。实验结果表明：经过处理后废水的ＣＯＤ却除率为３３９％,色度去除率为９９９％。     

生物技术在治理印染废水中的应用

印染废水属于难降解的工业废水,排放量巨大,对自然环境和人类健康构成了严重的威胁。介绍了印染废水的特点,并综述了生物技术在治理印染废水中的应用现状及取得的成果。     

纺织印染行业清洁生产和废水处理

文章介绍了“十五”期间我国纺织印染行业推行清洁生产的状况及废水治理技术的发展和生产工艺的创新,分析了印染废水的污染状况及水质水量的变化情况,并提出了制定印染废水治理的技术路线。     

回顾 总结 部署

3月26日至3月28日,备受关注的2003年度中国石油集团公司安全生产环境保护职业健康工作会议在青岛召开。 会议期间王海森主任做了题为“与时俱进,开拓创新,推进安全环境健康工作再上新水平”的报告,指出此次会议的主要任务是:总结回顾过去三年安全生产,环境保护和职业健康工作,分析形势,安排部署2003年工作,推进安全环境健康工作再上新水平。回顾三年的成绩,主要体现在:安全环保健康目标和责任制不断落实;安全环保健康规章制度逐步完善;安全环保机构得到加强和充实;健康安全环境管理体系全面推进;建设项目环境管理规范进行;安全环保科技创新…     

Atrazine, isoproturon, mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone adsorption onto iron oxides

Iron oxides are important components influencing the adsorption of various inorganic and organic compounds in soils and sediments. In this study the adsorption on iron oxides of nonionic and ionic pesticides was determined as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, and pesticide concentration. The investigated iron oxides included two-line ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite. Selected pesticides comprised atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea)], mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid], 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. The adsorption of the nonionic pesticides (atrazine and isoproturon) was insignificant, whereas the adsorption of the acidic pesticides (mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone) was significant on all investigated iron oxides. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing pH, with maximum adsorption reached close to the pKa values. The addition of CaCl2 in concentrations from 0.0025 to 0.01 M caused the adsorption capacity to diminish. The adsorption of bentazone was significantly lower than the adsorption of mecoprop and 2,4-D, illustrating the importance of a carboxyl group in the pesticide structure. The adsorption capacity on the iron oxides increased in the order: lepidocrocite < goethite < two-line ferrihydrite. The maximum adsorption capacities of meco-prop and 2,4-D on goethite were found to be equivalent to the site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups on the faces of the dominant (110) form, suggesting that singly coordinated hydroxyl groups are responsible for adsorption. Differences in adsorption capacities between iron oxides can be explained by differences in the surface site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups. The maximum measured adsorption capacity of mecoprop on two-line ferrihydrite was equivalent to 0.2 mol/mol Fe.     

Tillage, intercrop, and controlled drainage-subirrigation influence atrazine, metribuzin, and metolachlor loss

Atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] have been found with increasing occurrence in rivers and streams. Their continued use will require changes in agricultural practices. We compared water quality from four crop-tillage treatments: (i) conventional moldboard plow (MB), (ii) MB with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercrop (IC), (iii) soil saver (SS), and (iv) SS + IC; and two drainage control treatments, drained (D) and controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDS). Atrazine (1.1 kg a.i. ha-1), metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one] (0.5 kg a.i. ha-1), and metolachlor (1.68 kg a.i. ha-1) were applied preemergence in a band over seeded corn (Zea mays L.) rows. Herbicide concentration and losses were monitored from 1992 to spring 1995. Annual herbicide losses ranged from < 0.3 to 2.7% of application. Crop-tillage treatment influenced herbicide loss in 1992 but not in 1993 or 1994, whereas CDS affected partitioning of losses in most years. In 1992, SS + IC reduced herbicide loss in tile drains and surface runoff by 46 to 49% compared with MB. The intercrop reduced surface runoff, which reduced herbicide transport. Controlled drainage-subirrigation increased herbicide loss in surface runoff but decreased loss through tile drainage so that total herbicide loss did not differ between drainage treatments. Desethyl atrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] comprised 7 to 39% of the total triazine loss.     

Sustainability,eco-efficiency,life-cycle management,and business strategy

This article outlines some of the rationale for integrating environment and sustainablility issues into core business practises and provides some guidance on how companies can begin to take a strategic view when selecting environmental management tools. Two of these tools, life cycle management and eco-efficiency, are outlined in brief.© 1999 Five Wind International. Reprinted with permission by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Environmental concentrations of agricultural herbicides in Saskatchewan, Canada: bromoxynil, dicamba, diclofop, MCPA, and trifluralin

Herbicides are the most commonly used group of agricultural pesticides on the Canadian Prairies and, in 1990, more than 20000 Mg of herbicides were applied in the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The present paper reports on environmental concentrations of five herbicides currently used in the prairie region. The herbicides bromoxynil [3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile], dicamba [3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid], diclofop [(RS)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy]propanoic acid], MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid], and trifluralin [alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-isopropyl-p-toluidine] were measured in the atmosphere, bulk atmospheric deposits, surface film, and dugout (pond) water at two sites near Regina, Saskatchewan, during 1989 and 1990. All five herbicides were detected in air and surface film and all but trifluralin were detected in the bulk atmospheric deposits and dugout water. Trifluralin was most frequently detected in air (79% of samples) whereas bromoxynil was present in maximum concentration (4.2 ng m(-3)). MCPA was present in maximum levels in bulk atmospheric (wet plus dry) deposits (2350 ng m(-2) d(-1)), surface film (390 ng m(-2)), and dugout water (330 ng L(-1)), whereas dicamba was most frequently detected in surface film (47%) and dugout water (97%). The highest quantities of the herbicides tended to be present during or immediately after the time of regional application.