LaCl3对桃树优质增产的生理学探讨

在桃树果实膨大期喷施ＬａＣｌ３（１５ｍｇ／Ｌρ）３次，能明显提高桃树座果率和单果重，增加产量，改善品质．实验显示，这与稀土镧增加桃树叶片叶绿素含量，提高光合速率，比叶重，希尔反应活力，硝酸还原酶活性，促进光合产物输出等多重生理学作用相关．     

含磷酸盐的三氯化铁水解溶液的化学特征

通过对含磷酸盐三氯化铁水解溶液的ｐＨ驰豫，电导率，可见光光谱和不同化学反应活性组分的分布等一系列化学物理性质的表征，说明在ＦｅＣｌ３－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４－ＮａＨＣＯ３溶液体系中，ＰＯ４＾３参与了Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的水解－聚合反应，形成了Ｆｅ－ＯＨ－Ｆｅ－ＰＯ４－Ｆｅ结构共同控制溶液性质。使溶液性质发生了从量变到质变的过程，证明ＰＯ４＾３对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）溶液的水解形态有重要影响。     

酸性降水中甲醛的测定方法及其稳定性研究

本文研究了测定酸雨中游离甲醛和络合甲醛总量的方法，在液相中ＨＣＨＯ与Ｓ（Ⅳ）络合生成ＨＭＳＡ，通过加入Ｉ２丙酮溶液使甲醛游离出，再使用ＮａＳｈ试剂（乙酰丙酮和铵）在６０℃水浴中显色３０ｍｉｎ后在４１５ｎｍ光度测定，甲醛总量的检出率≥９７％。１９９２年夏季用该方法测定北京市雨水，其络合甲醛和游离甲醛各占５０％左右。测定甲醛总量时，雨样的最佳保护剂是ＮａＨＳＯ３。测定游离甲醛时，雨样的最佳保护剂是Ｈｇ     

磷和硫对空心菜吸收砷的影响

本文通过水培空心菜中砷与磷以及砷与硫配比试验，研究了ＰＯ＾３－４和ＡｓＯ＾３－４以及ＳＯ＾２－４和ＡｓＯ３＾３－４共存对空心菜生长及砷累积的影响。结果表明：５ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ＰＯ＾３－４或ＳＯ＾２－４时，ＡｓＯ＾３－４显著降低空心菜产量，ＰＯ＾３－４和ＳＯ＾２－４含量提高到３０－１００ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１时，空心菜产量明显提高。．     

NO_2─SO_2─水稻─空气体系中臭氧生成的初步研究

在一定自然光照条件下，采用动态烟雾箱，模拟ＮＯ＿２—空气、ＮＯ＿２—ＳＯ＿２—空气、ＮＯ＿２—水稻—空气和ＮＯ＿２—ＳＯ＿２—水稻—空气４种体系中的光化学反应。得出不同起始浓度ＮＯ＿４在上述各体系中起光化学反应时生成的Ｏ－３稳态浓度。研究发现，在ＮＯ＿２—ＳＯ＿２—空气体系中Ｏ＿３稳态浓度比在ＮＯ＿２—空气体系中平均增加７％，比ＮＯ＿２—水稻体系中平均增加１４％。     

离子色谱法测定雨水中模拟S（Ⅳ）—O3氧化反应速度常数

本文以广州雨水为基体，采用经典化学动力学实验方法和模拟雨水和Ｓ与Ｏ３的氧化反应，用离子色谱法测定反应在不同时间Ｓ的浓度。结果表明，在「Ｓ」〉〉「Ｏ３」时，该反应为准一级反应。反应速度常数ｋ与文献中所列举的ＨＳＯ＾－３与Ｏ３反应的速度常数ｋ１的数值相一致。     

硝酸盐对毛萼田菁茎瘤固氮的影响

ＫＮＯ３对毛萼田菁（Ｓｅｓｂａｎｉａｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）茎瘤和根瘤固氮的抑制作用与瘤中积累，碳水化合物减少（特别是蔗糖）以及豆血红蛋白（ｌｇｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ，Ｌｂ）浓度减少和功能受阻相关．经ＫＮＯ３处理的植株的茎瘤类菌体的呼吸作用和固氮活性明显下降．从ＫＮＯ３处理的植株茎瘤中提取的类菌体悬液加上未经ＫＮＯ３处理的正常Ｌｂ可提高固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２；加５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＮＯ２于正常的茎瘤类菌体悬液和Ｌｂ反应体系，引起固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２都降低，证明是Ｌｂ功能受阻的重要因素．施ＫＮＯ３可能还导致茎瘤Ｏ２扩散的阻力增加．     

SO2和O3动态胁迫烟草致病的暴露试验

ＳＯ_２和Ｏ_３动态胁迫烟草致病的暴露试验陈锦云，兰志斌，苏珍山，曾军，王阳青（福建龙岩地区烟科所龙岩３６４０００）关键词Ｓ）_２和Ｏ_３；烟草；气候斑点病，动态胁迫暴露ＴＨＥＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＴＲＥＳＳＥＸＰＯＳＵＲＥＴＥＳＴＯＮＴＯＢＡＣＣＯＢＬＡＤＥ...     

Fe2O—SiO2对燃煤过程中石灰石固硫特性的影响

本文探讨了不同温度条件下，Ｃａ／Ｓ摩尔比，添加剂Ｆｅ２Ｏ３或ＳｉＯ２以及不同比例Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＯ２的混合物对石灰石固硫能力的影响。实验结果表明，温度能够大幅度地影响Ｃａ／ｓ比与石类石固硫能力的关系。同时添加一定比例的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＯ２时，其促进作用较大，固硫能力大大优于纯石灰石。     

烟气中N2O生成反应的动力学研究

采用静态法 模拟道气中对Ｎ２Ｏ生成有影响的组分ＮＯ，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ，以及温度进行了动力学研究。结果表明，随着ＮＯ，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ浓度的增加反反应时间的加长，Ｎ２Ｏ的生态量增加，反应温升高，Ｎ２Ｏ的生成速率下降。将实验数据用尝试法和微分法进行处理，得到如下结果在Ｎ２Ｏ的生成反中对ＮＯ，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ均为一级反应，反应速率常数分别为：２．０＊１０＾－５，８．９＊１０＾－６，８．８＊１０＾－８ｍ＾３．ｍ     

Modelling coupled peach tree-aphid population dynamics and their control by winter pruning and nitrogen fertilization

Nitrogen fertilization and winter pruning are commonly used to control crop production in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchards. They are also known to affect the dynamics of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) aphid populations via bottom-up regulation processes. Interactions between crops and pests can cause complex system behaviour in response to management practices. An integrated approach will therefore improve the understanding of the effects of these two cultural practices on aphid and peach performances.We developed a simulation model that describes the cultural control of interacting peach tree and aphid population dynamics. It uses the principles of common trophic models while gathering available knowledge and explicit assumptions on peach and aphid functioning and the effects of cultural practices.The model was able to qualitatively reproduce the system behaviour observed in the field. It accounted for actions and feedback such as stimulation of foliar growth by winter pruning, consecutive aphid population increase, subsequent damage to foliage, and partial compensatory growth of foliage. The model also reproduced low losses in fruit production due to aphid infestations. However, it called for further integration of ‘long-term’ effects. Analysis of the model showed the complexity of peach tree and aphid responses to leaf N × winter pruning interactions. Simulations indicated that fruit production losses remained low within a range of realistic values of leaf N and pruning intensity, whereas manipulating peach and aphid dynamics, their interactions and their relationships to practices could result in higher losses.The model is useful to evaluate the relevance of cultural practices for a bottom-up regulation of aphid dynamics in crop-pest management. After considering other control methods and fruit quality, it can be used to find a combination of practices that optimises trade-offs between fruit production and environmental conservation goals. A modelling approach that links crop growth and pest population dynamics and integrates management practice effects has strong potential for improving crop-pest management in an integrated crop production context.     

桃ACC合酶基因组DNA（pACSG01）的序列分析及其表达

以桃基因组DNA为模板，用套式PCR技术扩增并克隆了桃ACC合酶基因片段，将其克隆（定名为pACSG01）并进行序列测定，表明该自然全长1320bp，并富含HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ位点，与其它ACC合酶基因结构序列有一定的相似性，内含有两个内含子，编码的氨基酸序列与已克隆桃ACC合酶cDNA推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为57．4％和56．8％，pACSG01与我们已克隆的两个桃ACC合酶cDNA基因表达有所不同，RNA点杂交和RT－PCR结合Southern杂交分析表明，该基因在成熟和乙烯处理的果实均不表达，伤处理、LiCl和生长素处理也不能诱导核基因的表达，在衰老花瓣中也不表达，图3参18。     

A population model for the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), in a Korean orchard system

A population model for the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, was constructed to understand the population dynamics of this pest species and to develop an effective management strategy for various orchard (apple, peach, apple + peach) systems. The model was structured by the five developmental stages of C. sasakii: egg, larva, pupa, larval-cocoon (overwintering larva), and adult. The model consisted of a series of component models: (1) a bimodal spring adult emergence model, (2) an adult oviposition model, (3) stage emergence models of eggs, larvae, and pupae, (4) a larval survival rate model in fruits, (5) a larval-cocoon formation model, and (6) an insecticide effect model. Simulations using the model described the typical patterns of C. sasakii adult abundance in various orchard systems well, and was specific to the composition of host plants: three adult abundance peaks (first peak, mid-season peak, and last peak) a year with decreased peaks after the first peak in monoculture orchards of late apple, two adult peaks a year with a much higher last peak in monoculture orchards of early peach, and three adult peaks a year with much higher later peaks in mixed orchards of late apple and early peach. The average deviation between model outputs and actual records for first and second adult peak dates was 2.8 and 3.9 d, respectively, in simulations without an insecticide effect. The deviation decreased when insecticide effects were incorporated into the model. We also performed a sensitivity analysis of our model, and suggest possible applications of the model.     

上海地区果树根癌病发生与土壤环境的关系

果树根癌病(致病菌为根癌土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens)目前在上海地区大面积发生,严重危害桃(Amygdalus persicaL.)、梨(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)、苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)等果树的生长。本文采用化学分析及微生物培养等方法,研究了上海地区桃树和梨树根癌病的发生与土壤因子(土壤含水量、pH值、有机质含量),土壤细菌以及与不同果树品种之间的关系。结果表明:土壤含水量、pH值、有机质含量、土壤中微生物的多样性和微生物总体数目与病害的发生没有显著的相关性,但是土壤中存在的个别菌种对病害的发生有显著的影响,初步分析显示Agrobacterium sp.和Bacillus sp.对根癌病的发生具有抑制作用,而Psuedomonas sp.对根癌病的发生可能具有一定的促进作用。同时不同果树品种的病害发生率之间有显著性的差异。     

模拟酸雨对龙眼幼果纤维素酶活性和内源激素含量的影响

酸雨胁迫后，龙眼幼果IAA、GA1 3、ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs含量下降，ABA含量升高，生长抑制物ABA和生长促进物(IAA、GA1 3)的比值提高，酸雨胁迫还使纤维素酶活性上升，促进幼果脱落．易脱落幼果的纤维素酶活性和ABA含量高于正常幼果，而IAA、GA1 3、iPAs、ZRs、DHZRs含量低于正常幼果．图6表1参14     

土荆芥不同发育期根际土壤养分、酶活及微生物数量的变化

采用盆栽试验,通过比较土荆芥营养期和果期根际土壤中养分、土壤酶活和微生物数量的变化规律,明确土荆芥入侵对土壤生态系统的影响效应,为进一步了解土荆芥入侵机理和制定防控措施提供理论依据.结果表明：（1）土荆芥入侵对土壤养分具有一定的影响.与对照相比,除了土荆芥营养期根际土壤总钾的含量增加了12.26%外,所测其它土壤养分指标均不同程度下降.其中,果期总钾含量降低3.27%,营养期和果期的有机质含量分别降低20.41%和1.22%、总氮含量分别降低27.87%和16.39%、总磷含量分别降低29.41%和14.71%、速效磷含量分别降低49.24%和34.69%、速效钾含量分别降低76.65%和57.22%;（2）土荆芥的生长对土壤胞外酶具有-定的影响.与对照相比,营养期和果期土壤硝酸还原酶活性显著升高（P〈0.05）,分别升高了87.23%和137.23%;营养期的脲酶活性降低了45.92%,与对照差异显著（P〈0.05）;营养期和果期根际土壤的蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化均未达到显著程度（P〉0.05）;（3）土壤微生物数量随着土荆芥生长而增加,但只有真菌数量与对照的差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）,营养期和果期真菌数量分别增加32.11%和86.18%;（4）与果期相比,营养期土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量普遍较低,推测土荆芥生长初期通过降低土壤营养水平,抑制其周围对营养水平要求较高的植物生长,以获得竞争优势,而果期则通过释放根系分泌物增加了土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活,使土壤养分回升,从而为其繁殖提供有利条件.     

不同寄主植物上烟蚜的染色体组型研究

对采自桃树、油菜和烟草上的烟蚜的核型研究表明：在红、黄绿两种体色的烟蚜中发现５种核型，即２ｎ＝１２，正常；２ｎ＝１２，Ａ１与Ａ３易位；２ｎ＝１１；２ｎ＝１３；３ｎ＝１８，Ａ１与Ａ３易位。同时，在核型为２ｎ＝２３的烟蚜中，体色为红色的个体全为Ａ１与Ａ３易位个体，体色为绿色的个体中既有Ａ１与Ａ３易位个体，又有正常个体。寄主植物不同的烟蚜的各条染色体相对长度在２ｎ＝１２核型中差异不显著（α＝０．０５）。     

氮磷钾对寒害腰果植株恢复生长结果的影响

通过观测不同施肥处理区寒害腰果植株重新开花坐果状况,分析施肥对寒害腰果植株恢复生长的影响,并分析腰果叶片养分含量与结果量之间的关系。结果表明:氮对寒害腰果植株重新开花的花枝数影响最大,钾次之,磷影响最小,随着氮施用量的增加,植株的花枝数逐渐增大;氮是影响寒害腰果植株结果量的主要因素,植株结果量随着氮施用量的增加而增加,磷、钾各处理间的结果量均未达到统计上显著差异;在施氮肥的基础上,配施磷钾肥,可以提高寒害腰果植株结果量,9个施肥处理中以N3P3K2处理的结果量最多。     

包膜材料对土壤酶活性的影响

以自然资源＂水冬瓜果油＂为包膜材料,利用盆栽试验,共设5个处理,研究在有菊花吸收养分的情况下,水冬瓜（Idesia polycarpa maxim.var.vestita dies）油包膜材料在土壤中的降解性能及对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：水冬瓜油包膜材料随土壤含水量的增加,降解速率加快。种植菊花的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性也呈现先上升、后下降的趋势。在土壤含水量为30%时,包膜材料半衰期只有62 d;在处理3（果油85%＋调理剂15%）中,土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶数量增加最多。因此,水冬瓜果油85%＋调理剂15%和土壤含水量30%,有利于土壤酶活性的提高,从而加快包膜材料的降解速度。     

The enumeration and characterization of bacteria and fungi associated with marine wood-boring isopods,and the ability of these microorganisms to digest cellulose and wood

Bacteria and fungi associated with the marine wood-boring isopods Limnoria lignorum and Sphaeroma serratum, and with their wood burrows and seawater were investigated. Plate counts using nutrient agar and Czapex Dox agar media in natural and in artificial seawater were used. The diversity and number of bacteria associated with the two isopods were much higher than those associated with wood or seawater, whereas the opposite was true for fungi. The hydrolytic activity of the predominant genera on carboxymethylcellulose and on different types of wood was investigated. The magnitude of fungal cellulase activity exceeded that of bacteria. Activities of bacterial extracellulases exceeded those of intracellulases, while the opposite was observed for fungi. Cellulolytic activity of the predominant isolates biodegraded labkh, peach, white oak and mahogany in decreasing order of activity. Evidence provided by the cellulolytic activities, detected in woodcontaining cultures, suggests that the predominant micro-organisms isolated may play an important role in the woodboring process. Specimens used in the present study were collected from Port Fouad at Port Said Harbour, Egypt.