Recycling thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass produced as glass–ceramics

The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directives are designed to deal with the rapidly increasing waste stream comprised of electrical and electronic equipment. Recycling electrical and electronic equipment reduces the quantity of waste going to final disposal. The demand for thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels, commonly used in everyday electronic products, is increasing. Conventionally adopted treatments of TFT-LCD waste glass cannot meet WEEE directives. This study adopts the following operating conditions in fabricating glass–ceramics: sintering temperature of 800–950 °C; sintering time of 6 h; and, temperature increase rate of 5 °C/min. The glass–ceramic samples then underwent a series of tests, including the Vickers hardness, water absorption and porosity tests, to determine product quality. The Vickers hardness was 12.1 GPa when fired at 900 °C for 6 h, and density was 2.4 g/cm³ and water absorption was 0%. Thus, TFT-LCD waste glass can be regarded as a good glass–ceramic material.     

太湖淤泥和自来水厂污泥混合制砖研究

以太湖淤泥和自来水厂污泥为原料进行烧结砖的制备研究,干原料经混合加湿搅拌,制成4 cm×4cm×4cm的砖体试样,干燥后放入马弗炉中焙烧;测试了砖坯的含水率、干燥收缩,烧结砖的烧失量、烧成收缩、表观密度、吸水率和抗压强度,并利用XRD和SEM分别测试了烧结砖的矿物成分,和微观形貌特征。研究结果表明,减少淤泥含量导致砖的密度和抗压强度降低,烧失量、烧成收缩率和吸水率上升;淤泥掺量减少到60%,成型含水率为23%,经950℃高温煅烧后,所得砖体质量较好,强度满足MU10等级。     

太湖淤泥烧结砖的制备及其性能

以太湖淤泥和粉煤灰为原料,干燥后混合加湿搅拌,压制成40 mm×40 mm×40 mm的试样,经干燥后放入电阻炉中焙烧,测试分析了不同粉煤灰掺量和焙烧温度下淤泥烧结砖的吸水率、抗压强度、腐蚀性及重金属浸出等性能。结果表明:增加粉煤灰掺量,砖体吸水率增大,抗压强度降低;当粉煤灰掺量30%、烧结温度950℃时,淤泥烧结砖强度可达到13.6 MPa,满足国家承重墙(MU10)使用标准。砖体浸出液微偏碱性,但不具有腐蚀性,高温焙烧可使淤泥中重金属得到有效固化。     

垃圾焚烧炉渣特性分析及制备免烧砖技术研究

炉渣制备免烧砖的技术作为固废建材化利用的手段之一,具有广阔的应用前景.基于炉渣基本性质,本文探讨了炉渣预处理、原料配比及养护方式等工艺条件对炉渣免烧砖的抗压强度和环保性能的影响,并提出了优化的工艺条件和参数.结果表明:炉渣的热灼减率为1.2%,物相组成与天然骨料相似,但水溶性氯离子含量为GB 50010-2010《混凝土结构设计规范》标准限值的8倍,且存在重金属超标风险,需要在固液比1:3的条件下水洗3次,使得水溶性氯离子含量削减87.5%;免烧砖原料配比较养护方式对抗压强度的影响更大,不添加炉渣的普通免烧砖的最终强度为全炉渣免烧砖的2.23倍;养护方式的影响体现在高温养护初期抗压强度增长速度较自然养护更快,但最终差异在±3%以内;选取全炉渣的免烧砖进行高温养护或者炉渣河砂配比1:1的免烧砖进行自然养护可使产品最终强度达到10 MPa或20 MPa的要求,且水溶性氯离子含量最终削减90%,重金属浸出浓度削减50%~60%,可满足不同用途对砖的标准要求.研究显示,在不同抗压强度的要求下选取适当的配比与养护条件,可以达到炉渣消纳量大且能源耗费少的目的,并削减水溶性氯离子含量与重金属浸出浓度,具有环保效益.      

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰制陶瓷砖表征

为了探索生活垃圾焚烧飞灰资源化利用途径,在对飞灰化学组成及矿物成分分析的基础上,利用飞灰、黄陶土、耐火砂及长石研制陶瓷砖,最佳配比方案为:飞灰20%,黄陶土60%,长石10%,耐火砂10%,分析了最佳配比制品的吸水率、抗压强度、微观结构及水平振荡浸出毒性。结果表明:飞灰属SiO2-Al2O3-金属氧化物体系,主要矿物成分是钙硅酸盐及铝硅酸盐等,可用于制陶瓷砖;最佳配比制品达MU15强度等级,满足抗风化的要求;随煅烧温度的升高,制品结构不断密实化,960℃烧成的制品显示出完全烧结的特点,960~1 000℃烧成的制品中出现明显的晶化、玻璃化过程。最佳配比制品重金属浸出毒性完全达标,重金属的浸出率与坯体相比大大降低。     

Assessing the recycling potential of glass fibre reinforced plastic waste in concrete and cement composites

At present glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) waste recycling worldwide is very limited due to its intrinsic thermoset properties, lack of characterisation data and non availability of viable recycling and recovery routes. In the present study, efforts were made to recycle GRP waste powder and fibre in concrete and cement composites and assess its quality to comply with the British standards for use in construction applications. Results revealed that the mean compressive strength of concrete composites using 5%–50% GRP waste powder under water curing varied from 37 N/mm² to 19 N/mm². Increase in the concentration of GRP waste decreased the compressive strength. However, increase in curing duration (14–180 days) resulted in improving the compressive strength of concrete with 5% GRP application to 45.75 N/mm². Moreover, the density of concrete with 50% GRP waste was reduced by about 12% as compared to the control sample. The bending strength in terms of modules of rupture (MOR) of 12 mm thickness cement composites developed using 5% GRP waste fibre attained 16.5 N/mm². The findings of this work pave the way for further GRP waste recycling in precast construction products for use in various applications.     

铸造旧砂制备免烧砖及经济性分析

利用东风汽车公司十堰铸造基地排放的铸造旧砂制备了免烧免蒸砖,水泥加入量控制在3%以下,自然养护2 8d的抗压强度达到15MPa以上,符合蒸压灰砂国家标准(GB1194 5 - 1999)规定的优等品MU15级的要求。通过成本核算,铸造旧砂免烧砖标砖的生产成本能够控制在0 .10元块以下,具有较好的经济性。     

热压烧结法制备新型玻璃透水砖及性能分析

针对现有透水砖在性能和工艺方面存在的问题,以铅锌尾矿为主要原料的新型玻璃透水砖进行了研究。采用二次烧结法,先将铅锌尾矿等原料熔制成基础玻璃,再将基础玻璃在不同温度和不同荷载条件下进行烧结,得到玻璃透水砖试样,并对试样的抗压强度、抗折强度、透水系数进行测试分析,结果表明:当烧结温度为680 ℃、荷载为0.82 kN/m2时,试样各项性能较为理想。此时试样的抗压强度为1.90 MPa,抗折强度为2.60 MPa,透水系数为0.6 cm/s。采用热压烧结法可以制备出具有良好透水性能和力学性能的铅锌尾矿基础玻璃透水砖,为铅锌尾矿综合利用提供了1条有效途径,具有较好的应用前景。     

Paving blocks from ceramic tile production waste

This paper presents the use of waste mud from ceramic tile production as the main component in paving blocks. Compressive strength values of the blocks were compared with the standard value as prescribed by the Thailand Industrial Standard. The waste mud was first characterized using XRD, XRF, SEM, Laser diffraction particle size analyzer and sieve analysis. Paving blocks were subsequently prepared by mixing the waste mud with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and compacted using a hydraulic press. Water was added to the cement–mud mix to assist compaction and to strengthen the blocks by hydration of OPC. Effects of water and cement content, immersion in water, as well as compaction pressure on compressive strength were subsequently studied. Increasing compaction pressure and also immersion in water for 5 min every 24 h were found to enhance densification and thus compressive strength of the test samples. The blocks containing 15 wt% cement required a long curing period of up to 28 days for their compressive strength to reach the standard requirement while the compressive strength of the blocks containing 25–30 wt% cement exceeded the standard requirement after curing for only 7 days.     

铁尾矿地砖的制备及其机理分析

简要介绍了唐山地区铁矿尾矿制备铁尾矿砖的试验研究，并设计制备铁尾矿砖生产工艺流程和最佳配比。研究结果表明，以铁尾矿为主要材料，通过掺加适量的水泥、粉煤灰、粗骨料和一定的外加剂，经常温常压养护28天后，抗压强度可达到28．30MPa，抗折强度为5．63MPa，同时长期性能研究也表明可以制备出合格的铁尾矿地砖。为铁尾矿大量资源化利用辊供了一条新的徐径．同时还对铁尾砖的微观机理作了初步研究。     

全烧垃圾流化床炉飞灰制备免烧砖的性能研究

开展了水泥固化全烧垃圾循环流化床焚烧炉飞灰特性及其制备免烧砖的研究.同时,分析了飞灰的特性,研究了水泥用量对砖体抗压强度和重金属浸出毒性的影响,并对固化前后飞灰在不同p H值溶液环境下的重金属渗滤特性和基于改进RCR连续提取法的重金属形态分布进行了对比研究.结果表明:飞灰中Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni的浸出浓度分别达到1.76、60.29、5.36、1.48 mg·L-1,远超出生活垃圾填埋标准的规定,Cd、Zn、Cu的酸可交换态部分很高,分别为48%、21.26%、20.72%.水泥基材具有良好的稳定效果,添加量达到30%时,免烧砖中重金属的浸出毒性已远低于标准值.随着水泥掺量的提高,免烧砖的抗压强度呈上升趋势,当水泥比例为30%时,强度可达到12.8 MPa,35%水泥比例的砖体,其抗压强度则达到国标建筑用砖的MU15级.与原始飞灰相比,砖体中重金属在不同渗滤液p H下的浸出趋势并未改变,浸出量却显著下降,p H的适应范围变宽.另外,重金属中酸可交换态部分降至低于1%,主要转变成了可还原态,对环境的污染风险大幅降低.     

装修垃圾典型处理工艺改进及经济效益分析

装修垃圾具有组分多且复杂、垃圾性质波动性大等特点,其处理工艺需结合垃圾来源区域内实地尽调情况确定。以上海市某典型装修垃圾处理项目为例,其工艺路线为“两级破碎+多级分选”。一级筛分单元后实际物料分布与设计物料平衡存在显著性差异,后端分选设备利用率处于较低水平,可实施的工艺改进措施包括物料分流或调整上层筛板规格。改进后,相同规格的3台箱式风选机实际接收处理负荷占比接近,物料分布均匀性趋于合理。经济效益方面,处理线运营成本折算约为114.49元/t,其中人工费、残渣焚烧处置费和残渣填埋处置费占比分别为20.69%、19.22%和14.11%;经营收入折算约为26.45元/t,以再生砖产品和再生骨料出售为主。制砖线运营成本、产品品质受水泥掺比影响显著,其中水泥掺比从10%增加至20%时,再生标砖抗压强度平均值从13.9 MPa增加至18.1 MPa;最优化水泥掺比为15%时,制砖线难以维持收支平衡。装修垃圾处理项目在无政府补贴情况下,项目投资收益和经济效益较低,这是目前该领域发展的主要瓶颈。     

铝业赤泥免烧砖中试生产及产业化

利用铝厂赤泥、自备电厂粉煤灰、矿山石渣为主要原料在国内第一条赤泥砖生产线上进行了中试生产,采用了自然养护和蒸压养护两种生产工艺。自然养护的赤泥免烧砖达到了非烧结普通粘土砖标准(JCT4221991)(1996)中15级要求,蒸压养护的赤泥免烧砖达到了蒸压灰砂国家标准(GB119451999)中优等品MU15级的要求。通过成本核算,自然养护的赤泥免烧砖的生产成本能够控制在0.11元块以下,蒸压养护的赤泥免烧砖的生产成本能够控制在0.14元块以下,具有较好的经济性。     

电解锰渣-页岩-粉煤灰烧结砖的研制

针对湖南湘潭竹埠港地区工业废渣的情况,进行了电解锰渣-页岩-粉煤灰体系烧结制砖的研制.确定了配比、烧结温度和保温时间对烧结砖性能的影响,通过SEM、EDS、抗压强度、毒性浸出、DTA和XRD等检测手段,对烧结前后砖体的结构及各项性能进行了检验.结果显示,电解锰渣、页岩和粉煤灰的配比为4:5:1、烧结温度为1000℃'保...     

碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比研究

用正交法试验分析了碎砖骨料混凝土的配合比，提出水灰比和碎砖骨料掺量分别是影响混凝土强度和流动性的主要因素。倡导用碎砖做混凝土骨料，保护生态环境。     

Winter losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from Italian ryegrass, meadow fescue and white clover in a northern temperate climate

We have studied to what degree Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) are able to preserve nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in shoots and roots from one growing season to the next in a northern temperate climate. Field experiments were performed during four consecutive winters in central southeast Norway (60°42′N, 10°51′E), and N and P in plant biomass were measured in the autumn and in the spring. We also measured the contents of total N, total P and organic carbon (C) in seepage water that percolated through the aboveground plant material. Uptake of N and P in Italian ryegrass and white clover was substantially larger than in meadow fescue. The winter losses varied greatly from year to year, depending on the winter climate. On the average for all three of the plant species, the winter losses of N from aboveground biomass were 6, 35, 68 and 10% in the four experimental years, respectively. The corresponding P losses were 11, 36, 60 and 22%. On the average for all plant species and experimental years, 43 (±12)% (S.E., n = 12) of the N, 34 (±9)% of the P and 4 (±1)% of the C that was lost from the aboveground plant biomass during the winter, was recovered in seepage water, basically as a nutrient pulse in melt water in early spring. The very low C recovery rate in seepage water suggested a considerable microbial growth on lost plant C. Assuming that all un-recovered plant C was consumed by microorganisms not included in measurements of the seepage water, modelling showed that microbial immobilisation theoretically might explain the unexpectedly low recovery rates of N and P. The study was not designed to investigate the possible effects of psychrophilic microbes on N and P cycling. Therefore, it is inconclusive and underlines the need for more knowledge on this matter.     

废弃混凝土在干混砂浆中的应用研究

废弃混凝土的循环再生利用已日益成为人类关注的重要话题,符合环境保护与可持续发展战略的迫切要求。利用废弃混凝土破碎产生的再生细骨料部分取代天然细骨料来配制干混砂浆。通过试验证明:在固定配合比条件下,再生骨料替代率为50%时,干混砂浆抗压强度、保水率和抗冻融性、强度损失率等均符合M5.0中保水的指标要求。     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

基于PPR建模的全固废材料固化盐渍土抗压强度计算模型

为了实现全固废材料在盐渍土固化中的资源利用,选用电石渣、粉煤灰和矿渣组成一种盐渍土固化剂,对其固化盐渍土的28 d抗压强度进行试验研究,采用投影寻踪回归（PPR）对试验高维数据进行分析,建立28 d抗压强度PPR计算模型,验证了模型的精度和稳定性,最后采用该模型进行仿真计算,探索各影响因素与固化盐渍土抗压强度的关系。研究结果表明:该PPR计算模型具有较高精度和较好的稳定性,各影响因子对抗压强度贡献权重系数顺序为火山灰质材料掺量 > 矿渣占比 > 硫酸盐含量 > 电石渣掺量;仿真计算结果定量描述了各影响因素与固化盐渍土抗压强度间的关系;PPR模型较深入地挖掘了固化盐渍土抗压强度高维数据的内在结构,为全固废材料固化盐渍土的力学性能研究提供参考。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰合成地聚物及重金属稳定化效果

以偏高岭土和大掺量垃圾焚烧飞灰为原料,在碱激发作用下制备地质聚合物材料。在抗压强度和重金属浸出毒性测定的基础上,研究了不同原料配比对地聚物性能的影响。实验结果表明:合成的地聚物材料有较高强度,可以达到17 MPa以上,对重金属有明显固化效果,Pb水浸、无机酸浸、有机酸浸出浓度分别为0.25,0.16,0.22 mg/L;Cd水浸、无机酸浸、有机酸浸出浓度分别为0,0,0.15 mg/L,Pb、Cd和其他重金属均达到进入生活垃圾填埋场标准。