中空纤维膜生物反应器处理造纸废水

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合而开发的新型系统,是近年来新发展起来的高效废水处理技术。本实验采用了中空纤维膜组件和活性污泥反应器组成的分置式膜生物反应器,研究其在造纸废水处理中的特性影响因素。     

膜生物反应器的研究进展

膜生物反应器（ＭＢＲ）是通过膜技术来强化生物反应器的废水处理新工艺。其工艺形式已从分离好氧或厌氧活性污泥,发展到对生物反应器的无泡曝气和对有害工业废水中优先污染物的萃取。介绍了这三种ＭＢＲ工艺的最新进展和面临的问题,并指出,在进一步解决膜污染和能耗问题的基础上,ＭＢＲ有望成为传统废水处理方法的一种替代工艺。     

一种新型的生物处理技术—膜生物反应器

膜生物反应器是近年来发展起来的一种新型的处理技术,现就膜生物反应器的应用类型,机理进行阐述,并对膜生物反应器存在问题和应用前景作了说明,指出膜生物反应器将会成为２１世纪的一种重要的污水处理技术。     

生物吸附-膜反应器富集生活污水中碳源物质的特性

设计并构建了生物吸附-微滤膜反应器,利用活性污泥的吸附作用及微滤膜的高效分离作用,处理来自不同生活污水处理厂的进水,分析典型城市污水中碳源物质的形态分布,以及生物吸附-微滤膜反应器对生活污水中含碳物质的富集分离效果。结果表明,生物吸附-微滤膜反应器对胶体COD的去除率较高,为60%~76%,对溶解态COD的去除率较低,为29%~38%;不同HRT对反应器的运行效果影响不大,综合考虑COD富集率及系统运行的经济性,本研究推荐的运行参数为SRT=2 d,HRT=22 min,藉此,生物吸附-膜反应器对碳源物质的富集回收率可达到50.0%左右。     

膜生物反应器组合工艺处理餐饮废水试验研究

一体式膜生物反应器组合工艺用于处理经隔油、混凝预处理后的餐饮废水具有很好的处理效果 ,对 CODCr、NH3- N、TP、油、浊度、SS的平均去除效率分别达到 92 .5 2 %、91.94 %、94 .2 0 %、93.98%、96 .6 0 %、10 0 % ,其出水水质良好 ,且稳定。在一体式膜生物反应器中 ,活性污泥对污染物起主要作用 ,膜的分离对于保证稳定的出水起着关键作用。     

膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状

膜生物反应器及其组合工艺能实现水源水中微污染物的有效去除,是一种新型高效水处理工艺.总结了膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状、污染物去除效果和机制;在分析膜污染机制基础上归纳了膜污染控制和污染膜清洗方式,展望了膜生物反应器在给水领域应用需克服解决的技术难点.     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水研究进展与展望

中国是抗生素生产大国,抗生素生产过程伴随产生大量的含抗生素残留的有机废水,通常采用厌氧生物技术进行处理。然而传统的厌氧处理技术对抗生素废水存在效能不高的问题,并且难以实现废水中常规污染物、抗生素与耐药基因的协同控制。厌氧膜生物反应器同时具有厌氧处理与膜处理技术的优点,在处理抗生素废水方面展现出很好的应用前景。本文总结了厌氧膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水的研究进展,从常规污染物去除和耐药基因削减两方面阐述了厌氧膜生物反应器的处理优势;重点梳理了抗生素对厌氧膜生物反应处理过程中生物效能的抑制和耐药基因赋存的影响。在此基础上,提出“强化水解预处理去除抗生素残留效价(抑菌活性)-厌氧膜生物反应器”组合处理工艺作为短流程的抗生素废水处理最佳策略,在提升污水处理效能的同时实现对耐药性的协同控制,为制药废水绿色、高效和安全处理提供参考。     

糖类对正渗透膜的膜污染研究简

正渗透膜（FO）是一种低能耗的膜处理工艺，而膜生物反应器（MBR）是一种高效的污水处理工艺，其最大的瓶颈就是严重的膜污染问题，将FO应用到MBR中，即正渗透膜生物反应器。根据传统膜生物反应器的膜污染特点，研究SMP和EPS的主要组成成分中的糖类物质对膜的污染情况，利用海藻酸钠模拟糖类物质，并根据生活污水的特点，在海藻酸钠中加入钙、镁离子，研究其在含有不同金属离子时膜不同放置方式时的膜污染情况，将运行后的污染膜片剪下做SEM、AFM、FTIR-ATR分析。研究表明，海藻酸钠加不同金属离子的膜污染情况不一致，其膜污染大小顺序为藻酸钠+钙>藻酸钠+钙+镁>藻酸钠+镁，且不同膜放置方式的膜污染不同，活性层面向驱动液的通量较大。     

气升循环分体式膜生物反应器污水处理与回用技术

介绍了一种新型膜生物反应器——气升循环分体式膜生物反应器污水处理和再生回用技术。该技术膜单元和生物单元分置，生物单元和膜单元间的水力循环利用气升动力，无需循环水泵，系统具有维护方便、运行能耗低和建设投资省等特点。采用该技术处理生活污水和厕所污水，处理水质可达到建设部颁布的《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ25．1-89)。给出了该技术处理生活污水和厕所污水的工程建设投资指标、水处理成本和水处理能耗指标，处理能耗0．6-0．8kWh／m^3。该新型膜生物反应器污水再生回用技术具有良好的市场应用前景，技术经济可行。     

纳米材料对膜生物反应器影响的试验研究

通过向一体式膜生物反应器中投加纳米材料来改变料液性质，预防膜污染和提高膜生物反应器对污染物的去除效率，并利用扫描电镜分析中空纤维膜的表观结构的变化情况，通过红外光谱分析活性污泥性质的变化，以探讨防治膜污染的机理。试验结果表明，纳米材料的投加对COD和NH₃-N的去除无明显影响，提高了TP的去除率，TP去除率达70%。而且投加纳米材料可改变活性污泥的性质和生物膜的表观结构，减缓膜污染。     

Use of chemical coagulants to control fouling potential for wastewater membrane bioreactor processes.

Chemical coagulation with ferric chloride, alum, and an organic polymer were used to control the fouling potential of mixed liquors for submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes in treating municipal wastewater. Their filterability was evaluated using a submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration apparatus operated in constant permeate flux mode. The collected transmembrane pressures over filtration time were used to calculate the membrane fouling rates. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment can reduce fouling rates when MBRs were operated above the critical flux. Even though coagulation with the organic polymer formed larger mixed liquor suspended solids particles and had shorter time-to-filtration than those with ferric chloride and alum, the filterability for membrane filtration were similar, indicating that the membrane fouling in MBR systems was mainly controlled by the concentration of smaller colloidal particles.     

膜生物反应器在水处理中的研究及应用

膜生物反应器(MBR)是通过膜强化生化反应的水处理新技术.本文对MBR的特点、应用类型、水处理机理进行了阐述;综述了该技术在国内外的研究进展以及应用现状;并对MBR存在的问题与应用前景作了讨论,MBR有望在新世纪成为传统水处理方法的一种替代工艺.     

A modeling study of fouling development in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment.

Membrane fouling is a primary concern in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in wastewater treatment because it strongly affects both system stability and economic feasibility. A mathematical model was developed in this study for membrane fouling in submerged MBR systems for wastewater treatment, in which both reversible and irreversible fouling were quantified. While mixed liquor suspended solids are the major components of the reversible fouling layer, dissolved organic matter is thought to be the key foulant, in particular, responsible for the long-term irreversible fouling of the filtration unit. The model was calibrated (parameter identification) with a set of operational data from a pilot MBR and then verified with other independent operational data from the MBR. The good agreement between theoretical predictions and operational data demonstrates that the outlined modeling concept can be successfully applied to describe membrane fouling in submerged MBR systems.     

好氧颗粒污泥用于膜污染的控制

膜生物反应器在运行过程中容易引起严重的膜污染,从而限制了膜生物反应器在实际废水处理工程中的应用.从污泥特性角度分析了好氧颗粒污泥的特点和减缓膜污染的原因,并且与活性污泥比较,提出好氧颗粒污泥减缓膜污染的优势,为膜污染的控制提出了新的思路和方法.     

Treatment of municipal wastewater by membrane bioreactor: a pilot study

The operational performance of a submerged hollow fibre Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) for treatment of municipal wastewater on pilot scale was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal efficiency for SS, COD, NH₄-N, turbidity, bacterium, iron (Fe²⁺) and Manganese (Mn²⁺) was 100%, 94.5%, 98.3%, 99.7%, lg6, 99%, 92.3%, respectively. The water quality of the effluent was quite good. The reclaimed water could be reused either directly or indirectly for municipal or industrial purposes. The MBR had a strong ability to resist loading shock and DO was a crucial factor to membrane fouling.     

MFC-MBR耦合系统运行效果

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能有效降解污泥中的胞外生物有机质(EBOM)并回收电能.将MFC与MBR联用,建立了一套能够有效抑制膜污染同时回收电能的新系统——MFC-MBR耦合系统,MBR的剩余污泥经MFC处理后回流.以传统MBR为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况和污泥混合液的性质进行研究.研究表明,耦合系统的污水处理效果没有明显恶化,COD去除率为94％,NH4+-N的去除率为92％.耦合系统能够有效减缓膜污染的发生,清洗周期延长了28％.污泥混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在80％ ～ 88％,系统内几乎没有无机颗粒积累.松散结合态胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)降低了48％,使污泥混合液性质得到改善.较低的污泥比阻(2.69×1012m/kg)和标准化毛细吸水时间(1.67 s·L/g MLSS),证明耦合系统污泥混合液脱水性能提高了.     

膜生物反应器应用于脱氮除磷的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种新型高效的污水处理工艺,近年来在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注。文中综述了MBR工艺在脱氮、除磷方面的研究成果以及多种工艺的处理效果,同时还介绍了影响MBR脱氮除磷效率的因素。     

Membrane Bioreactor Model for Removal of Organics from Wastewater

Abstract

The persistence of trace organics in wastewater effluent is a major environmental concern. Possible use of fixed microbial films in wastewater treatment processes is currently an active area of research that may be able to address many of these problems. In the waste effluent, the persistence of trace organics is attributed, in part, to the inability of microbial populations to extract energy from dilute environments at a rate fast enough to sustain themselves. To address this problem, a novel wastewater treatment scheme is considered. On the basis of previous hollow fiber biomass growth studies, we believe that an anaerobic biofilm supported by hollow fibers could achieve greater biomass density than a film grown on traditional impermeable supports. This in turn could lead to improved substrate removal efficiency in a reactor of a given volume. Using this concept, we developed a mathematical model to test the potential of hollow fiber membrane reactors for biodegradation of acetate solution. A computer simulation has shown that it would be possible to remove about 90% from feed solutions containing 0.1 mg-cm^-3 acetate with biomass density 25 mg-cm^-3 in the hollow fiber supported biofilm. More concentrated feeds could be effectively treated if sufficiently high biomass density could be attained. This process, therefore, shows promise in wastewater treatment. The advantages of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors are their high surface-to-volume ratio, separation of cells from flow, and high cell concentration. All of these are essential requirements for optimum utilization of biomass in wastewater treatment. The hollow fiber membrane bioreactor concept, therefore, may provide a new and unique approach to treating organics.