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/ Contemporary trends in natural resource management are reviewed, with specific reference to the shift in conservation management strategies away from law enforcement-based strategies towards strategies aimed at facilitating local community participation in the management of natural resources. This review lays a foundation for the presentation of a conceptual framework, the partnership forum framework, for the planning, implementation, and evaluationof protected area outreach programmes. The framework proposes that protected areas should function as integral components of the local social, economic, and environmental systems and that the integration of the protected area into these systems should be managed through comanagement institutions. The establishment of such institutions is discussed, and it is argued that the development of comanagement institutions can be characterized into four progressive phases: a preliminary communication phase, a problem-solving phase, a pilot project phase, and a comanagement phase. The framework proposes that during the three initial phases the partnership forum members will develop management procedures that they will use during the comanagement phase. The framework is presented as a design skeleton around which the site-specific characteristics of specific protected area outreach programs will combine to form an outreach program, i.e., the framework is process rather than project based.KEY WORDS: Sub-Saharan Africa; Integrated conservation and development 相似文献
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中央两办于2015年11月印发《开展领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点方案》,标志着环境责任追究试点工作正式展开,并且启动了环境审计帷幕。环境保护和环境管理问题在我国当前经济社会发展中日益凸显,推动着环境审计主题被提出并列入重要议事日程。鉴于环境审计并不是一个历史长久的成熟概念,在世界上尚且没有统一的内涵外延界定,本文基于中国的审计体系现状,提出环境审计多纬度架构模型,并针对政府环境审计机关、企业内部环境审计机构、社会独立环境审计机构这三类环境审计主体,阐释环境审计功效、环境审计职业化,以及职业化中的知识基础、胜任能力、后续教育培训问题,提出加快推进环境审计职业化的实现策略。 相似文献
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A new framework for environmental assessment is needed because no existing framework explicitly includes all types of environmental
assessments. We propose a framework that focuses on resolving environmental problems by integrating different types of assessments.
Four general types of assessments are included: (1) condition assessments to detect chemical, physical, and biological impairments;
(2) causal pathway assessments to determine causes and identify their sources; (3) predictive assessments to estimate environmental,
economic, and societal risks, and benefits associated with different possible management actions; and (4) outcome assessments
to evaluate the results of the decisions of an integrative assessment. The four types of assessments can be neatly arrayed
in a two-by-two matrix based on the direction of analysis of causal relationships (rows) and whether the assessment identifies
problems or solves them (columns). We suggest that all assessments have a common structure of planning, analysis, and synthesis,
thus simplifying terminology and facilitating communication between types of assessments and environmental programs. The linkage
between assessments is based on intermediate decisions that initiate another assessment or a final decision signaling the
resolution of the problem. The framework is applied to three cases: management of a biologically impaired river, remediation
of a contaminated site, and reregistration of a pesticide. We believe that this framework clarifies the relationships among
the various types of assessment processes and their links to specific decisions. 相似文献
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Framework for Measuring Sustainable Development in Catchment Systems 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Walmsley JJ 《Environmental management》2002,29(2):195-206
Integrated catchment management represents an approach to managing the resources of a catchment by integrating environmental,
economic, and social issues. It is aimed at deriving sustainable benefits for future generations, while protecting natural
resources, particularly water, and minimizing possible adverse social, economic, and environmental consequences. Indicators
of sustainable development, which summarize information for use in decision-making, are invaluable when trying to assess the
diverse, interacting components of catchment processes and resource management actions. The Driving-Forces–Pressure–State–Impact–Response
(DPSIR) indicator framework is useful for identifying and developing indicators of sustainable development for catchment management.
Driving forces have been identified as the natural conditions occurring in a catchment and the level of development and economic
activity. Pressures include the natural and anthropogenic supply of water, water demand, and water pollution. State indicators
can be split into those of quantity and those of quality. Impacts include those that affect the ecosystems directly and those
that impact the use value of the resource. It core indicators are identified within each of the categories given in the framework,
most major catchment-based management issues can be evaluated. This framework is applied to identify key issues in catchment
management in South Africa, and develop a set of indicators for evaluating catchments throughout the country. 相似文献
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一个有生态素养的现代公民,其重要标志就是具有有关环境过程和环境系统的知识,即认识构成环境(包括自然环境和人文环境)的过程和系统及其影响。这种认识应该以综合各个传统学科(如科学、地理、社会等)的知识为前提。利用综合实践活动实施环境教育研究性学习时,很多教师的一个困惑是如何构建均衡、连贯的学习内容。我们建议在构筑环境和发展知识框架时,可以参考发展罗盘(图1)将知识框架划分成四个维度。发展罗盘图的四个角代表影响地表某个地点地理环境的四个主要方面或过程,这个地点可以是一个乡村、集镇、县市、省区、国家甚至… 相似文献
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环境风险评价构架的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文归纳并概括了国际上和我国环境风险评价的一般构架,从环境风险评价、安全评价、健康评价、生态评价、最大可信灾害事故及最大可接受水平等几个方面对我国环境风险评价一般构架进行了探讨,分析了我国环境风险评价构架中存在的问题,提出了进一步完善我国环境风险评价一般构架的方法,并辅以了案例分析。 相似文献
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Parker J. Wigington Scott G. Leibowitz Randy L. Comeleo Joseph L. Ebersole 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(1):163-182
Wigington, Parker J., Jr., Scott G. Leibowitz, Randy L. Comeleo, and Joseph L. Ebersole, 2012. Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes: A Classification Framework. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12009 Abstract: There is a growing need for hydrologic classification systems that can provide a basis for broad‐scale assessments of the hydrologic functions of landscapes and watersheds and their responses to stressors such as climate change. We developed a hydrologic landscape (HL) classification approach that describes factors of climate‐watershed systems that control the hydrologic characteristics of watersheds. Our assessment units are incremental watersheds (i.e., headwater watersheds or areas draining directly into stream reaches). Major components of the classification include indices of annual climate, climate seasonality, aquifer permeability, terrain, and soil permeability. To evaluate the usefulness of our approach, we identified 30 rivers with long‐term streamflow‐gauging records and without major diversions and impoundments. We used statistical clustering to group the streams based on the shapes of their annual hydrographs. Comparison of the streamflow clusters and HL distributions within river basin clusters shows that the Oregon HL approach has the ability to provide insights about the expected hydrologic behavior of HLs and larger river basins. The Oregon HL approach has potential to be a useful framework for comparing hydrologic attributes of streams and rivers in the Pacific Northwest. 相似文献
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The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have recently launched themselves as the UN-sanctioned instrument for conserving nature. They seek to establish themselves as the authority in this field alongside the well-known Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in climate science. Quickly following or even before recent publication of their conceptual framework in two biology journals, they were already underway building upon it. This headlong push, we believe, is ill advised. We show how the framework is unsound as a foundation for further work—in a number of ways and perhaps even by its authors’ own lights. It is therefore urgent that the IPBES thoroughly and thoughtfully reconsider their framework before too much effort is wasted. 相似文献
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Carroll S Goonetilleke A Thomas E Hargreaves M Frost R Dawes L 《Environmental management》2006,38(2):286-303
Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are becoming increasingly important for the treatment and dispersal of effluent
in new urbanised developments that are not serviced by centralised wastewater collection and treatment systems. However, the
current standards and guidelines adopted by many local authorities for assessing suitable site and soil conditions for OWTS
are increasingly coming under scrutiny due to the public health and environmental impacts caused by poorly performing systems,
in particular septic tank-soil adsorption systems. In order to achieve sustainable onsite wastewater treatment with minimal
impacts on the environment and public health, more appropriate means of assessment are required. This paper highlights an
integrated risk based approach for assessing the inherent hazards associated with OWTS in order to manage and mitigate the
environmental and public health risks inherent with onsite wastewater treatment. In developing a sound and cohesive integrated
risk framework for OWTS, several key issues must be recognised. These include the inclusion of relevant stakeholders throughout
framework development, the integration of scientific knowledge, data and analysis with risk assessment and management ideals,
and identification of the appropriate performance goals for successful management and mitigation of associated risks. These
issues were addressed in the development of the risk framework to provide a generic approach to assessing risk from OWTS.
The utilisation of the developed risk framework for achieving more appropriate assessment and management techniques for OWTS
is presented in a case study for the Gold Coast region, Queensland State, Australia. 相似文献
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David R. Maidment 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(2):245-257
The National Flood Interoperability Experiment is a research collaboration among academia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, and government and commercial partners to advance the application of the National Water Model for flood forecasting. In preparation for a Summer Institute at the National Water Center in June‐July 2015, a demonstration version of a near real‐time, high spatial resolution flood forecasting model was developed for the continental United States. The river and stream network was divided into 2.7 million reaches using the National Hydrography Dataset Plus geospatial dataset and it was demonstrated that the runoff into these stream reaches and the discharge within them could be computed in 10 min at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. This study presents a conceptual framework to connect information from high‐resolution flood forecasting with real‐time observations and flood inundation mapping and planning for local flood emergency response. 相似文献
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Co-management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Co-management acknowledges pragmatic developments and progression of institutional choice theories in natural resource management. This innovative concept embraces a pluralistic management approach based on the principle of subsidiarity and creates opportunities for the reconciliation of competitive property claims. This article reviews definitions of co-management, distinguishes it from other property rights regimes, and develops an organizational structure of the major elements involved. Synthesis of both experiences and literature leads to the development of a conceptual framework. Co-management is structured in terms of context, components, and linking mechanisms. In concert, these elements offer insight into the practice of co-management, address the shortcomings of institutional theories, and respond to critical issues raised in related literature. The framework contributes to natural resource management by acting as a means of identification and evaluation for such arrangements, as well as a systematic guide for future inquiries. 相似文献
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Patricia L. Machemer Michael D. Kaplowitz 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2002,45(6):773-795
While theoretical aspects of transferable development rights (TDR) programmes have been explored, there is little research into programmatic elements of successful TDR programmes. The reported research systematically analyses characteristics of TDR programmes that correspond with successful programme implementation. After describing the basic elements of TDR programmes, this paper uses an iterative, case-study approach to: (1) identify and classify TDR programmatic characteristics; and (2) develop a TDR evaluative framework. This TDR evaluative framework is then used to examine three TDR programmes: Manheim Township, PA; Montgomery County, MD; and New Jersey Pinelands. A comparison of these programmes' strengths and weaknesses, and discussion of their programme elements, demonstrate the utility of the TDR evaluative framework for analysing TDR and other growth management programmes. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that a high degree of knowledge of local land use demands and patterns, programme leadership and presence of a TDR bank are important for TDR programme success. 相似文献
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This paper explores the concept of packaging stewardship to establish methods that could be used formatively in the development of packaging stewardship programmes or in a post hoc fashion after their implementation. It argues that an independent set of values criteria for evaluation are important at this juncture because of the number of jurisdictions considering packaging stewardship programmes. Additional urgency is added by industry's tendency to promote sales of products through their participation in such programmes. A framework is developed that provides a pathway for future packaging programmesto converge on stewardship.The framework is developed around the notion of a steward, as explored by Lerner and Bookchin, and the principles proposed for the Canadian National Packaging Protocol. The frameworkis illustrated with examples from Germany, France, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Canada. 相似文献
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Nancey Green Leigh Matthew J. Realff 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2003,46(2):147-165
This paper has three primary objectives. First, it seeks to demonstrate that recycling is an important component of sustainable human systems, particularly in the case of electronics, where environmental impacts of disposal are potentially severe. Second, it presents a methodology that could be used to estimate the volumes of electronics or other consumer durable goods that are available for recycling. Third and last, it illustrates, through a case study of Atlanta focused on computers, that metropolitan areas may fruitfully be viewed as opportune centres from which to mine, recycle and reuse cast-off electronic goods. From an environmental and economic development policy perspective, doing so presents an important opportunity to provide new economic opportunities in the most distressed portions of metropolitan areas which have been disproportionately impacted by previous environmentally destructive industrialization practices. 相似文献
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Bruce Tonn Mary English Cheryl Travis 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2000,43(2):163-183
This paper presents a framework for understanding and improving public sector environmental decision making. Within the framework, four interrelated components are discussed: (1) the environmental and cultural context-understanding this context includes understanding what people consider to be environmental problems, the goals and values that they bring to environmental problems and decision processes, specialized and common knowledge about environmental problems, and the institutional settings within which problems are addressed; (2) planning and appraisal activitiesthese activities include forecasting and monitoring exercises, evaluations of past decisions, and decisions that processes ought to be launched to solve specific environmental problems; (3) decision-making modes-these include six typical ways of conducting an environmental problem-solving process, modes which, in the framework, are called emergency action, routine procedures, analysis-centred, elite corps, conflict management and collaborative learning; (4) decision actions-these include five generic steps that are undertaken, formally or intuitively, in virtually any decision-making situation: issue familiarization; criteria setting; option construction; option assessment; and reaching a decision. In the course of describing the framework, we show a decision-making process can be adapted to incorporate sustainability concerns, including fostering sustainable environmental and social systems, meeting obligations to future generations, and searching for robust and reasonable (rather than rigidly optimal) decisions. The framework also helps to illuminate intriguing questions regarding institutional responsibility, decision process complexity and paradigms for environmental decision making. 相似文献