基于空间自相关的安徽省市域发展空间格局研究

选取具有一定跨度的典型年份人均GDP统计数据,采用空间自相关方法分析了安徽省市级单元的经济发展分布空间特征和规律。结果表明,全省Moran’s I指数为0.11,经济上存在较弱的正空间自相关,经济发展呈多种类型,市域间有差异,呈现局部经济区化的雏形。根据人均GDP指标,结合空间自相关系数,将安徽省市域经济发展模式分为5类:集聚发展型、极核发展型、集中贫困型、贫困核型、一般发展型,并对其成因进行了分析。     

基于地统计的区域气象要素空间插值与分布研究

利用地统计学的理论与方法,以黄土高原南部地区为例,分别运用径向基函数法、普通克里格法和反距离权重法对研究区内139个气象台站2010年的年平均气温和年降水量进行了空间插值,并利用交叉检验方法对插值精度进行了评估。评估结果表明,3种空间插值方法对研究区域内的气象要素进行统计内插的效果都较好。对气温来说,径向基函数法最好,其均方根预测误差值仅为2.263,其次是反距离权重法和普通克里格最好,均方根预测误差值分别仅为2.377和2.38;对降水来说,则是普通克里格法最优,均方根预测误差最小,且其标准均方根预测误差值为0.8205,接近于1。由此可见,对年均降水量采用普通克里格插值法的精度较高。     

我国漂流旅游景区的空间分布研究

近年来漂流旅游逐步成为我国夏季旅游的新兴热点,在各地发展迅速。以我国漂流旅游景区为研究对象,运用地理集中指数、不平衡指数、基尼系数等计量地理学方法和ArcGIS分析软件对其在全国的空间分布特征进行了定量与定性分析。研究表明,我国610处漂流旅游景区主要分布在中东部地区,呈集中和空间凝聚态势,且分布的均衡度很低;而在地势第三级台阶内的山地丘陵地区呈现明显的条带状凝聚,多位于降水充沛的季风性气候区。同时,漂流旅游景区的分布与区域经济发展水平之间存在一定的空间耦合关系,体现出明显的城市指向。     

山东省城镇空间格局

城镇是人类活动影响地表的最主要形式,是土地利用/土地覆盖变化的主要方面.山东省是中国东部沿海大省,土地利用处于不断地调整过程中.在全省城镇空间分布格局现状的基础上,结合中心地理论,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法进行了具体分析,对全国土地利用/土地覆盖的深入研究具有重大意义.     

阜康绿洲景观空间格局分析

基于景观生态学理论分析景观空间格局，选用阜康市1999年LANDSAT TM影像，运用ARC／INFO对影像进行目视判读和数字化工作，利用景观统计软件Fragstats For Arcview分别计算一些常用的景观指数，通过运用景观空间理论对景观指数分析，得出阜康绿洲总体景观格局特征。     

地统计学理论在旅游空间结构研究中的应用

在总结现有旅游空间结构理论和方法的基础上,介绍了地统计学理论基础、研究方法、应用领域与应用技术,探讨地统计学理论在旅游空间结构研究中的方向与领域,以期丰富旅游研究的理论与方法。     

Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in Guna Tana landscape

This study focuses on investigating the quality of groundwater for irrigation and drinking water purposes. Spatial distribution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters was assessed from samples collected from springs, hand‐dug wells, and boreholes found the Guna Tana landscape. A total of 70 samples were considered for physical, chemical, and bacteriological water quality determination. The results revealed that most of the groundwater quality index (WQI) values lie between good and excellent. The maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of each water quality parameter were prepared for evaluating groundwater quality. According to the WQI values, more than 83% of the water samples were classified as excellent water for drinking. More than 92% of the water samples showed low sodium hazards for irrigation and about 48% and 46% of the water samples were classified as within the excellent and good water classes for irrigation based on their electrical conductance levels. Therefore, the groundwater that is found in the Guna Tana landscape could be used for drinking and irrigation purposes without any advanced treatment.     

上海市ATM机空间分布特征与机制

自我国加入WTO后,上海市银行业发展迅速,国外大型银行开始进入上海市场,中资银行与外资银行竞争激烈.以上海市ATM机空间分布的点数据为基础,基于GIS空间分析模块与空间统计模块,运用K函数分析方法、核密度估计法分析了上海市ATM机空间布局特征及其形成机制,并归纳总结其空间分布的基本模式.研究发现,ATM机分布具有显著的集聚趋势,呈现出单核心—边缘结构特征,中心城区与陆家嘴金融贸易区是样本密度最大区域,其空间分布受商业活动、公共场所、交通等城市要素影响.     

中国红色旅游资源空间结构分析

红色旅游是20世纪90年代以来在中国兴起的一种新型主题旅游形式。以国家公布的118个红色旅游经典景区为例，运用最邻近点指数、基尼系数，从空间分布、区域空间差异以及红色旅游资源分区等角度分析了中国红色旅游资源的空间结构特征。结果表明，中国红色旅游资源在全国和全国八大一级旅游分区两种尺度的测度中都呈集聚型分布，不同区域的红色旅游资源具有不同的历史主题。最后，提出在今后的红色旅游发展和新的红色旅游景区开发中做好规划和宣传工作，加强基础设施建设，对红色旅游资源进行区域整合，推进红色旅游产品向主题方向发展。     

河南省林业经济差异与空间演变

采用经济重心研究法和变异系数法对河南省林业经济进行了计量分析,发现该省林业经济差异在不断扩大,林业经济重心偏向东南方向,有北移和西移的趋势,对此现象进行了合理的解释.在此基础上,提出了河南省林业经济发展的建议：①转变林业经济增长方式;②豫北山区培育形成特色经济林基地;③豫南山区加强名优经济林种植及深加工;④豫东豫中平原区大力发展速生丰产林和用材林.     

成都市热力景观空间格局分析

城市热力景观空间格局是城市附属物和城市活动性在热场方面的综合表现。使用2008年11月23日的Landsat5/TM数据,将第6波段反演为亮温,并按温度值的高低把热力景观分为7个类型;借鉴景观生态学的原理和方法,以破碎度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数为评价指标,对成都市三环路内约200km2热力景观空间格局的研究结果表明：5个行政区的热力景观格局指数存在显著差别,如锦江区的破碎度指数最大,为0.924,成华区的最小,为0.559,指数大小与城市热力景观类型的分布特点密切相关。这些结果对于分析和研究城市整体格局、城市规划和环境保护等具有应用意义。     

成渝经济区区域空间结构分析

区域空间结构的发展状况对区域经济的健康成长起着重要的影响,空间结构的合理与否直接影响到区域系统社会经济整体发展水平的提高与协调发展.作为跨区域的成渝经济区,它具有自身独特的区域空间结构.2007年成渝经济区被国家确定为重点开发区.随着重庆市和成都市被批准为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的实现,内陆首个保税港区在重庆的设立,成渝经济区有望成为中国第四增长极.利用区域空间结构理论、点轴系统理论等,借助地理信息系统空间分析方法,对成渝经济区区域统筹发展空间结构进行分析,确定了成渝经济区的核心范围和辐射范围,"两极三轴"空间发展战略格局.     

山东省区域经济差距的空间分解

采用Thell指数将1990-2005年山东省区域经济差距分解为地带内差距和地带间差距,认为地带内差距的变化是影响全省总体差距的关键因素,是全省总体差距的主要贡献者;进一步分解地带内差距发现,中部地带内差距对总体差距的影响比东部、西部显著。     

九华山国内客源市场空间结构与出游行为研究

在实地调查的基础上，分析了九华山国内客源市场空间结构及其演变特征，得出国内客源市场集中程度降低、客源吸引力不断增强、波浪式推进的演变结论，并探讨了九华山旅游行为空间模式主要以单一目的地旅游模式和区域旅游模式为主，根据旅游意向调查结果显示，九华山与黄山在客源市场方面具有较强的互补性。     

Quantifying Forest Visibility with Spatial Data

We use spatial data representing transportation networks, elevation, stand height, and recreation use to construct and compare models of recreation use patterns and visibility in a forest. The recreation use pattern model depicts use frequencies along travel corridors. The visibility model quantifies visibility for all forest areas. We find that the models provide different but complementary types of information. Forest managers who are involved in scheduling harvest operations and want to address the visual concerns of forest visitors may benefit most from the visibility model. Managers who wish to know more about travel patterns or to reroute forest visitors affected by operations may benefit from the use pattern model. A combination of the two models has the highest potential for providing planning assistance in multiple-use forests. Both models may be able to enhance visual resource management (VRM) systems already in use by providing spatially explicit recreation use and visibility data.     

我国省域投保行为的空间统计分析

通过空间自相关度量检验与空间关联局域LISA分析,对我国2009年省域寿险、财险、健康险、意外险投保行为的空间分布进行空间统计研究,并对我国1999-2009年10年间的人身保险、财产保险的购买行为进行空间演变研究.研究认为,2009年我国投保行为在空间上分布呈不均衡特征；2009年寿险与财险的投保行为空间集聚程度比健康险与意外险的集聚程度高；1999-2009年,我国省域投保行为在我国版图空间分布上呈强弱分化现象,趋势明显.该研究价值在于通过空间统计分析,了解我国省域居民投保行为在空间上的分布特征,从而为保险企业制定宏观经营战略,为国家保险监管部门提供可视化的数据.     

安徽省沿江城镇空间发展研究

通过对安徽省沿江地区发展现状的深入分析,运用因子分析法对沿江城镇的综合发展潜力进行了评价,构建了安徽沿江城镇空间网络,最后针对性地提出了沿江城镇网路化发展的对策与建议。     

Spatial representations,a wayfinding perspective

Wayfinding, conceptualized in terms of spatial problem solving, subsumes decision making, decision executing and information processing. Spatial representations are a product of the latter. In this paper, rather than relying on the practice of inferring wayfinding characteristics from studies done on spatial representations, I shall inverse the argument and explore characteristics of spatial representations, in particular the notion of accuracy, from a wayfinding perspective.Wayfinding decisions are hierarchically structured into plans which not only helps to memorize routes in behavioral terms, but helps to organize and record environmental information in the form of sequential, route-type representations. Survey-type representations also rely on memory supportive structures but these are directly inferred from the spatial configuration of a setting.Both types of representations induce metric and topological distortions, but these are not necessarily detrimental to wayfinding. Travelling on routes, experienced on previous occasions, requires an act of recognizing but not recalling environmental features. Spatial representations based on recall are only required when planning new routes, and even then, they do not need to be recalled in great detail. It is argued that the question of accuracy in spatial representations ought to be posed in respect to practical use rather than cartographic parameters.     

北京市地热资源开发的时空变化

简要介绍了北京地热资源特点,分析了北京地热资源开发的时空演变规律.在搜集资料和实地调查的基础上,绘制出了北京城区地热井分布示意图,并针对其开发利用中可能出现的问题提出了对策.     

Spatial analysis of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Iran

Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.