2012年夏季天津城区BTEX污染特征与臭氧潜势分析

采用AMA GC5000BTX在线色谱仪监测天津城区2012年夏季大气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯和间-对二甲苯(苯系物,BTEX)的浓度,并结合其最大增量活性因子(MIR)计算各组分的最大臭氧生成潜势量.结果表明,观测期间BTEX浓度均值为38.72μg/m3,其中甲苯和间-对二甲苯浓度最高,乙苯和苯次之,邻二甲苯最低, BTEX存在明显的日变化特征,受大气光化学反应和边界层扩散能力共同影响,午后浓度最低,夜间BTEX浓度维持在较高水平,各BTEX日变化趋势一致.苯与甲苯质量浓度的比值为0.77,表明机动车排放是BTEX的主要来源,但石油化工和涂料挥发等因素也对其存在影响.经计算,间-对二甲苯的最大臭氧生成潜势量最高,甲苯、乙苯和邻二甲苯相当,苯最低, 表明BTEX中间-对二甲苯的光化学反应活性最强.     

天津大气中BTEX的变化特征与健康风险评估

采用AMA GC5000BTX在线色谱仪监测天津城区2012年10月~2013年2月大气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯和间-对二甲苯(苯系物,BTEX)的浓度,采用气溶胶生成系数(FAC)计算各组分的SOA生成潜势,采用US EPA的健康风险评价模型对BTEX的人体健康风险进行评估.结果表明,观测期间BTEX浓度均值为40.02±23.66μg/m~3,其中甲苯浓度最高,苯和间-对二甲苯次之,邻二甲苯最低,雾-霾日BTEX平均值为49.78±25.03μg/m~3,远高于非雾-霾日(28.57±15.18μg/m~3).BTEX浓度日变化差异明显,非雾-霾日B/T均值为0.70,雾-霾日增至0.77,表明观测期间以机动车排放污染为主,雾-霾污染期间BTEX来源复杂,生物质燃烧和燃煤等的贡献增大.甲苯对SOA的贡献最大,间、对-二甲苯次之,雾-霾日BTEX对SOA的贡献值高于非雾-霾日.观测期间BTEX的HI为0.455,其中雾-霾日HI为0.578,非雾-霾日HI为0.309,均低于EPA认定安全范围,表明苯系物非致癌风险在安全阈值范围内,但苯的致癌风险值为7.64×10-5,高于EPA规定的安全阈值,需要引起高度关注.     

厦门不同功能区VOCs的污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解厦门市不同功能区大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征和健康风险,于2014年3—8月在厦门市开展大气样品的采集,利用预浓缩系统和气相色谱质谱联用技术进行VOCs含量的定量分析,并采用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价方法对VOCs进行人群健康风险的初步评价.结果表明,各功能区VOCs的平均质量浓度差异较明显,表现为工业区(120.88μg·m-3)交通区(104.41μg·m-3)开发区(84.06μg·m-3)港口区(80.78μg·m-3)居民区(58.75μg·m-3)背景区(41.46μg·m-3).背景区、居民区、交通区、开发区和港口区各类VOCs浓度均表现为烷烃芳香烃烯烃,工业区则表现为芳香烃烷烃烯烃.除背景区外各功能区VOCs浓度在6月最低,而除工业区外各功能区浓度在8月最高.温度和风等气象因素是导致VOCs浓度变化的重要原因.苯、甲苯、乙苯、间,对二甲苯和邻二甲苯(BTEX)在各功能区总芳香烃中所占的比例为65.20%~78.73%.各功能区BTEX的非致癌风险均表现为甲苯乙苯邻二甲苯间,对二甲苯苯,在9.73×10-4~1.33×10-1之间,均在安全范围内,而苯的致癌风险在1.23×10-5~3.08×10-5之间,超出安全范围,存在较大的致癌风险.     

兰州市大气苯系物的化学活性特征与健康风险评价

利用热脱附-气相色谱质谱法测定了2017年12月—2018年6月兰州市5个采样点大气环境中14种苯系物的浓度,利用OFP(臭氧生成潜势)、L~(OH)(羟基消耗速率)和SOAFP(二次有机气溶胶生成潜势)分析其化学活性特征,应用特征物种比值法探讨了BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)的来源,并进行其健康风险评估.结果表明:兰州市大气苯系物的浓度为4.64～32.13μg·m~(-3),平均浓度为14.71μg·m~(-3),且具有冬季夏季春季的特点,5个采样点苯系物总浓度大小顺序为D(18.27μg·m~(-3)) B(17.75μg·m~(-3)) C(14.28μg·m~(-3)) E(12.97μg·m~(-3)) A(10.26μg·m~(-3)).苯系物的L~(OH)为2.64 s~(-1),而苯乙烯和2-甲基萘是关键活性物种;苯系物的OFP为65.05μg·m~(-3),其中甲苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯和1,2,4-三甲苯的OFP值较大;苯系物的SOAFP为0.98μg·m~(-3),甲苯和2-甲基萘的贡献较高.B/T(苯/甲苯)值表明,兰州市大气苯系物主要来源于生物质燃料和煤炭燃烧排放;X/E(二甲苯/乙苯)和E/B(乙苯/苯)值表明,污染物气团主要来自本地排放源.人体健康风险评估结果表明,兰州市大气苯系物的非致癌风险(HI=0.05)均小于USEPA建议安全阈值(HI1),致癌风险是安全阈值(1×10~(-6))的3.6倍,显示苯系物对暴露人群存在潜在致癌风险.     

秋季长江口海域海水和大气中BTEX的分布及环境效应

以苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯和邻二甲苯为代表(简称BTEX)的单环芳烃是大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要组分，它们对臭氧(O₃)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成具有重要作用.于2020年10月分析了长江口及邻近海域海水和大气中BTEX的分布特征，并评估了其海-气通量及大气环境效应.结果表明，研究海域表层海水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的浓度平均值分别为(17.4±21.9)、(91.2±64.0)、(25.9±16.9)、(52.9±34.9)和(26.7±19.3) ng·L^-1.BTEX浓度总体呈现近岸高、外海低的分布趋势，底层海水浓度略高于表层.大气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为(90.4±46.6)×10^-12、(255±284)×10^-12、(139±115)×10^-12、(196±202)×10^-12和(131±116)×10^-12，在舟山群岛附近海域浓度较高.大气中乙苯和二甲苯...     

福州清洁地区夏季和秋季VOCs浓度特征及化学反应活性

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的臭氧生成潜势引起广泛关注.2014年夏季和秋季对福州清洁地区鼓山挥发性有机物浓度特征及化学反应活性进行监测研究.鼓山夏季总挥发性有机物平均浓度为(262.57±256.71)μg·m-3,低于秋季(330.74±254.38)μg·m-3.两季平均VOCs浓度组成为烷烃(115.37±20.99)μg·m-3,含氧化硫烃(66.54±2.10)μg·m-3,卤代烃(63.17±13.96)μg·m-3,烯烃(34.20±5.50)μg·m-3,芳香烃(17.38±5.65)μg·m-3.VOCs浓度日变化趋势表现出明显的季节特征.通过比较VOCs各物种的化学反应活性,发现鼓山站点两季中烯烃类浓度远低于烷烃,但其具有最大臭氧生成潜势,约为烷烃的3倍,其次是烷烃和芳香烃.此外,异戊二烯对臭氧生成的贡献亦大.对优势物种进行分析,并选取间/对-二甲苯和乙苯环境浓度的比值作为评价气团老化程度的指标,结果表明:鼓山VOCs主要来源于交通源,夏季主要来自于大气的远程输送,而秋季受局地交通排放源影响较大.     

上海市某石化周边区域VOCs污染特征及健康风险

为了解石化周边区域大气VOCs污染特征,使用在线GC-FID监测仪于2017年10月对上海市某近石化周边居民区大气VOCs进行了为期1个月的连续观测;通过最大增量反应活性(MIR)法估算了VOCs对臭氧(O3)生成的贡献,并进行了健康风险研究.结果表明,观测期间VOCs总浓度的范围16.4~1947.8μg·m-3,平均浓度为40.7μg·m-3;烷烃、烯/炔烃和芳香烃的平均占比分别为66.2%、25.9%和7.9%.VOCs总浓度日变化特征呈现单峰型变化,峰值浓度为127.9μg·m-3(07:00).VOCs总浓度的平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)为249.7μg·m-3,烯、炔烃对OFP的贡献最高,达到153.4μg·m-3;丙烯、反-2-丁烯、乙烯是关键的活性组分.己烷、苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻-二甲苯和间/对-二甲苯的健康风险较小.     

北京市冬季灰霾期NMHCs空间分布特征研究

2005年冬季一个典型灰霾期,在北京市城区和郊区选择了6个代表性采样点(北四环、天安门、苹果园、垡头、首都机场和密云)同时采集并分析了非甲烷烃(NMHCs)和NO x样品.采样期间NMHCs污染水平从高到低依次是:北四环(1 101.29μg·m-3)>垡头(692.40μg·m-3)>天安门(653.28μg·m-3)>苹果园(370.27μg·m-3)>首都机场(350.36μg·m-3)>密云(199.97μg·m-3),采样期北京大气苯污染较严重.北京市城区采样点NMHCs/NO x(2.1~6.3)指示采样期北京市大气臭氧峰值浓度受挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)控制;丙烯等效浓度和臭氧生成潜势均显示,NMHCs的反应性从高到低的次序为:北四环>垡头>天安门>苹果园>首都机场>密云.苯/甲苯比值(0.52~0.76)表明北京冬季除机动车污染外,还存在煤燃烧等其它排放源的影响;异戊烯的区域变化特征表明,北京市冬季异戊烯的人为源有所增加而植物排放减少;丙烷和丁烷浓度的区域变化表明,北京存在城区液化石油气排放.     

佛山市冬夏季非甲烷烃污染特征研究

2014年冬季和2015年夏季在佛山市采集了30个非甲烷烃(NMHCs)的样品,定量分析了多种化合物.结果表明,采样期间佛山市冬季和夏季NMHCS的浓度分别为122.30μg·m~(-3)和56.22μg·m~(-3).其中冬季和夏季NMHCs中浓度最高的5个物种由大到小依次为:甲苯(25.12μg·m~(-3))、间/对-二甲苯(13.76μg·m~(-3))、丙烷(9.17μg·m~(-3))、乙苯(7.25μg·m~(-3))、乙烯(6.77μg·m~(-3))和甲苯(6.18μg·m~(-3))、间/对-二甲苯(5.21μg·m~(-3))、邻-二甲苯(4.15μg·m~(-3))、β-蒎烯(3.75μg·m~(-3))、丙烷(3.29μg·m~(-3)).相比2008年,NMHCs有大幅度下降.冬季芳烃、烷烃、烯烃和炔烃所占比例分别为51.20%、34.70%、10.04%和4.05%;夏季芳烃、烷烃、烯烃和炔烃所占比例分别为43.93%、33.99%、19.20%和2.88%.因为NMHCs/NOx的冬、夏季值分别为0.90和1.88,表明采样期间佛山市大气臭氧峰值浓度都是受NMHCs控制,还应继续加强NMHCs的控制.佛山市NMHCs冬季和夏季的丙烯等效浓度和臭氧生成潜势分别为45.09μg·m~(-3)和40.64μg·m~(-3)、392.77μg·m~(-3)和207.77μg·m~(-3).间/对-二甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯、异戊二烯分别对冬季和夏季的臭氧生成潜势起到很重要的贡献.采样期间佛山市冬季和夏季的苯/甲苯的值为0.15和0.20,表明佛山市冬夏季NMHCs的主要来源是工业过程.相对2008年,本研究中异戊烷不属于佛山市NMHCs中浓度最高的5种污染物,说明佛山市在防止汽油挥发对环境造成影响方面的措施取得了明显成效.     

成都市大气环境VOCs污染特征及其健康风险评价

于2012年9月,在成都市分别选取代表城市大气环境和路边大气环境的两个采样点对大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行采样,对不同大气环境中VOCs的浓度水平与变化特征、组成和反应活性进行分析,并对其中的芳香烃化合物进行健康风险评价.结果表明,成都市城市大气环境和路边大气环境中TVOCs的平均质量浓度分别为(108.57±52.43)μg·m~(-3)和(132.61±49.31)μg·m~(-3),不同大气环境中各烃类物质浓度均呈现出烷烃芳香烃烯烃炔烃的趋势;城市和路边大气环境中芳香烃和烯烃对臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献较大,关键物种均为间/对二甲苯、甲苯、乙烯、邻二甲苯和丙烯;不同大气环境中的苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)对人体的非致癌风险和危害指数均小于1,对暴露人群不存在非致癌风险;致癌物质苯对人体的致癌风险高于安全阈值1.00E-06,对暴露人群可能存在致癌风险.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.