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随着纳米材料的广泛应用,相关工作人员面临的潜在风险逐渐引起社会的重视。从监管角度看,纳米材料职业安全成为一个主要问题。本文参考奥地利科学院技术评估研究所出版的文章,概述了健康风险、检测和测量方法修订、工作场所评估等重要论题及权威机构和工业界已有的对工人安全和预防保健方面的建议。同时也介绍了我国开展的相关标准制定及研究、重要纳米材料的生物效应与安全性评价等基础性工作,以期为我国纳米材料职业安全的监管和评估提供参考。 相似文献
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纳米技术产业的快速发展促使纳米材料需求量不断增长,纳米材料的规模化生产及使用,增加了暴露于超细颗粒物的职业人群数量,且工种复杂多样,尤其在自动化程度低、工人职业卫生防护意识薄弱的作业场所,对接触者有潜在的职业暴露风险.从现场暴露评估策略、检测方法、接触限值以及风险评估手段,综述针对超细颗粒物这一新型职业危害因素的研究进... 相似文献
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通过比较纳米材料与常规材料风险评价方法的差异,在综合国内外研究的基础上,分析了作业场所纳米材料潜在健康危害及其影响因素,从危害发生的可能性与严重度两方面进行评价,建立危险度模糊综合评价模型,确定危险度评价等级。运用模糊综合评价方法对纳米材料潜在健康风险进行综合评估,根据评价结果采取控制措施,避免和减少作业场所纳米材料可能对健康带来的风险。 相似文献
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近些年来,纳米材料和纳米技术发展势头迅猛,由于纳米材料具有与传统晶体和非晶体材料完全不同的独特性质,使纳米材料和纳米技术在电子学、光学、化工、陶瓷加工、生物工程和医药学等领域得到应用,并相继取得重大进展. 相似文献
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任跃 《中国个体防护装备》2012,(5):53-53
最近ISO公布了一份技术报告ISO/TR13014:2012《纳米技术-工程纳米材料的理化特性毒理学评估指南》,帮助专家进行针对纳米物体的毒理试验。 相似文献
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袁凤 《中国个体防护装备》2013,(4):53
最近,AST纳米技术委员会E56制定了2项新的标准,将为纳米材料测量领域的各类用户提供帮助。第一项标准是:ASTME2834《利用纳米粒子跟踪分析法(NTA),测量悬浮纳米材料粒子尺寸分布指南》;第二项标准是:ASTME2859《利用原子力显微镜法(AFM)测量纳米粒子 相似文献
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纳米科技的快速发展及纳米材料的广泛应用导致纳米材料不可避免地释放到环境中。进入环境中的纳米材料可能会对环境中的许多物种,包括从微生物到更复杂的生物体及生物种群和群落,产生毒性作用,甚至会通过食物链传递,给生态系统带来潜在的危险。因此,纳米生态毒理学的研究引起了人们的高度重视。系统评述了纳米生态毒性的主要影响因素,以及纳米材料对单一生物(微生物、藻类、大型溞和鱼)、经食物链传递、在种群和群落水平上的生物毒性效应和纳米材料与环境中其他污染物结合产生的复合效应,最后在总结目前研究现状的基础之上,提出了纳米材料生态毒性效应还需深入研究的若干方面。 相似文献
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纳米二氧化钛对肺部损伤研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着纳米技术的不断发展,纳米材料被广泛地应用于工业、农业、食品和医药卫生等领域.一些原本无毒或低毒的材料,当粒径达到纳米级时,毒性明显增强.纳米二氧化钛广泛应用于化妆品和工业产品中,它对生物系统的影响受到了世界广泛的关注.目前就纳米二氧化钛整体和体外生物效应或安全性已经进行了大量的研究.本文围绕纳米二氧化钛对肺部损伤的研究进展及挑战进行综述.认为纳米二氧化钛粒径与损伤之间的关系还不十分明确,今后还需进一步探索纳米材料与生物分子、细胞的相互作用及其过程. 相似文献
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纳米材料对生物体的毒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用Einstein第一扩散公式和沉降公式,半定量、定量地说明纳米粒子沉降速度大约是微米粒子的千万分之一,更易悬浮在大气和溶液中,被生物体通过呼吸系统和循环系统所吸收;运用范德华力引起的相互作用势能公式,半定量地说明纳米粒子比微米粒子更容易吸附和团聚,通过大气中粒子转化、水体及土壤中的迁移传播等途径,由食物链富集到生物体内。可见,纳米粒子要比微米粒子的毒性更加严重,更能影响生物体的健康。同时,从纳米材料毒性影响因素对生物体的作用上看,纳米粒子也是严重影响着生物体的健康,给生物体带来极大的危害,并根据纳米材料的毒性研究结果为今后纳米技术的良性发展提出了新的方向。 相似文献
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Highly destructive combustible dust explosions, which is prone to cause secondary explosion, has been a concern in industrial processes. To understand the current development and status of research on dust explosions, 1276 publications related to dust explosions from 1998 to 2021 were indexed through the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize and analyze the collected literature information. The number of articles related to dust explosions has increased from 12 in 1998 to 191 in 2021. China, the United States, and Canada are the major contributors in this field. Dalhousie University, Beijing Institute of Technology, and Dalian University of Technology are at the core of dust explosion research. Wei Gao, Paul Amyotte, and Chi-Min Shu are the most prolific researchers. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Powder Technology, and Process Safety and Environmental Protection are the major sources of publications related to dust explosions. The research topic of dust explosions mainly evolves into four aspects: explosion characteristics and influencing factors, research media, explosion suppression, and numerical simulation. New research hotspots have appeared related to gas–dust hybrid mixtures, nanomaterials, and powder suppressants. The results can help researchers in the dust explosion field to quickly determine the research frontier and the overall situation. 相似文献
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物联网在公共安全领域中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
公共安全是物联网的重要应用领域,以公共安全发展及创新的科技需求为出发点,提出公共安全物联网的概念,并设计出公共安全物联网的结构示意图;以物联网的四大关键技术——RFID技术、传感网络技术、智能技术和纳米技术为基础,结合具体的应用案例,详细分析这些关键技术在监测监控、人员定位、信息采集、智能探测和消防装备等方面的应用。结果表明,将物联网技术与公共安全相结合具有重要意义,下一步的工作重点是研发并应用基于物联网技术的新型公共安全设备和系统。 相似文献
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New forms of careers have received increased attention in contemporary organizational research. A prominent focus in this research has been whether and how, in an increasingly unpredictable career environment, individuals are taking responsibility for their own career development. The implication is that career is becoming less central to organizational management practices. At the same time there is evidence that organizational changes typically described in this literature (such as delayering the organization in a quest for flexibility) have had a negative impact on career progress, resulting in resistance to change. The implication here is that career concerns are more central to organizational management practices. This in‐depth qualitative case study examines whether individuals do in fact take more responsibility for their career development during times of organizational change. We also examine whether this does indeed mean that the organization takes less responsibility for career management. Our data indicate that individuals are, in fact, taking more responsibility for their own careers. At the same time we found that the organization in our case study also became more actively involved in career development and management. However, this active approach did not resemble traditional top‐down career management and development. To us, the pattern of organizational and individual career development actions appear to constitute a kind of ‘organizational dance,’ a highly interactive mutual influence process, in which both parties are at once the agent and the target of career influence. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as are directions for future research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献