Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status,body weight gain,and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng·kg^?1 BW per day; the third group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg·kg^?1 BW per day. The fourth group (TCDD + CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney, and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain, and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment. In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity induced by subchronic TCDD exposure.     

Ameliorated effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on biomarkers of subchronic acrylamide hepatotoxicity and brain toxicity in rats

Acrylamide (ACR) exerts its toxicity through stimulation of the oxidative stress; yet, its effect on neurotransmitter catabolic enzymes has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of ACR exposure on brain and hepatic tissues antioxidant enzymes activities and different markers such as, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and lipid profile, and to evaluate the protective effects of garlic against ACR toxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ACR (1 mg kg^?1 body weight) with or without diet containing 1.5% of garlic powder for 40 days. ACR administration showed a decrease in AChE activity associated with an increase in MAO activity in both brain and hepatic tissues. In addition, ACR administration increased the lipid peroxidation and NO levels of both tissues while decreased the activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). On the other hand, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities increased as a consequence of GSH depletion after ACR exposure. Finally, ACR exposure increased the brain and liver lipid profile of cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipid, while phospholipids level was decreased. Coadministration of garlic powder with ACR significantly attenuated oxidative stress, MAO activity, and inflammation in brain and hepatic tissues but did not ameliorate AChE activity. In conclusion, our results emphasized the role of garlic as a potential adjuvant therapy to prevent ACR neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.     

Post natal antioxidant enzyme activity of rat brain regions during developmental lead exposure

This study reports the effects of low level developmental Pb exposure on specific brain regions like hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres of antioxidant enzyme activities. Wistar dams were exposed to 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 500 ppm of Pb acetate in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation (gestation day 6 through PND 21 (post natal day) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres of pups during treatment period (PND 7, 14, and 21 days) and also during withdrawl period (PND 35, 45, 60 and 90 days). During treatment period, SOD activity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in all regions of all the treated groups with maximum decrease in 500 ppm treated group of 21 days, while GSH-Px and GR activities increased with maximum increase in 21 days aged 500 ppm group. During withdrawl period, the activities of all enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed. Thus the perinatal exposure of dams to variable dosages of low level lead results in characteristic neurochemical alterations in rat brain regions due to impaired antioxidants function.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯污染对苦草生理生化指标的影响

以沉水植物苦草为试验材料,通过模拟实验研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期暴露对苦草的生长状况以及丙二醛、可溶性糖、叶绿素、谷胱甘肽、蛋白质和氨基酸的含量等生理生化指标的影响,试验结果表明：高浓度DBP长期暴露对苦草生长有严重伤害,DBP对苦草丙二醛和可溶性糖含量以及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响比较相似,都有一定的起伏．在DBP胁迫下,苦草中氨基酸总量和蛋白质含量与对照组相比呈下降趋势．苦草体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量明显低于对照,且随DBP浓度的升高GSH含量下降,统计分析表明有显著性差异．因此,谷胱甘肽含量可以考虑作为DBP对沉水植物早期伤害的指标．     

Glutathione antioxidant status of frozen meat samples

Lipid oxidation is a process, which results in rancidity and deterioration of fats posing a major problem in food industry. Antioxidants are of interest, which presumably protects food from oxidative deterioration during storage. The glutathione antioxidant system of different meat samples were noticed for six months under refrigerated storage. Activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and level of glutathione (GSH) decreased during six months storage in all the four meat samples. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity increased gradually during storage. It seems possible that glutathione antioxidant system protected the meat samples against quality loss during its storage.     

谷胱甘肽对甲醛所致Hela细胞毒性的影响

为研究还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对甲醛所致Hela细胞毒性的影响,采用体外染毒方式,应用KC1-SDS法和MTT法分别检测GSH对甲醛引起Hela细胞DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)和细胞活性的影响.结果表明,250μmol·L-1浓度下,DNA-蛋白质交联实验中甲醛染毒组所致的DPC显著高于对照组(p＜0.01),GSH+...     

Tissue-specific stress and hepatic DNA damage in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco caused by low concentrations of cadmium

Physiological stress and DNA damage in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by continuous exposure to cadmium at concentrations of 170 and 1700 µg/L for up to 28 days was evaluated. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in brain tissue, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and glutathione in gill tissue, and superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver tissue were measured. In studying random amplified polymorphic DNA to evaluate cadmium-induced hepatic genotoxicity, both the appearance of new bands and the disappearance of existing bands were observed, as well as increased levels of monoamine oxidase and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results suggest that continuous exposure to cadmium at the studied levels can induce biochemical and physiological changes and DNA damage in P. fulvidraco.     

Antioxidant effect of L-cysteine on sodium-valproate-induced oxidative stress in rat liver: biochemical and ultrastructural approaches

L-Cysteine has protective efficacy in cases of oxidative tissue injury. Sodium valproate is widely used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant in spite of hepatotoxicity as side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of L-cysteine in liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate overdose. Release of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of lipid profiles, as well as the oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant were assessed. Liver damage was judged histologically. L-Cysteine decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as improved the level of lipid profile, increased the enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. L-Cysteine administration inhibited liver injury of sodium valproate.     

Impact of environmental concentrations of beta-cypermethrin on the antioxidant system in the brain and liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Beta-cypermethrin (beta-CYP) is a widely used pyrethroid pesticide, the extensive application of which may potentially cause damage to non-target organisms. To investigate the effect of beta-CYP on the antioxidant system of aquatic animals, adult zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant dosages (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L) of beta-CYP. The activities of four antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish liver and brain tissue were tested after 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure. Our results showed that exposure of beta-CYP could induce different levels of increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities at 7 and 15 days post exposure (dpe), but caused apparent inhibition of hepatic SOD, GR and GPx activities at 30 dpe. Unlike in liver tissue, SOD and CAT activities in zebrafish brain did not show any apparent response to beta-CYP during the whole treatment period. In addition, increased brain GPx activities were observed at 7 and 30 dpe.     

Sub-chronic oral toxicity of acetamiprid in Wistar rats

Acetamiprid is a neoncotinoid insecticide that acts as an agonist to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor used as insecticide in crops and to control fleas on dogs and cats. The objectives of this study are (1) to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of orally administered acetamiprid, (2) to estimate the tissue residue levels and (3) to assess the reactive oxygen species induction in Wistar rats. Clinical signs of toxicity and changes in the haematological parameters were not observed in the acetamiprid-treated groups. Biochemically, increases in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol and decreases in body weight, feed consumption, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and AchE were observed. Lipid peroxidation was increased in liver and kidney. Acetamiprid residues persisted in liver, kidney, spleen, muscles, brain, fat and histopathology revealed lesions in the liver. The no observable adverse effect level of acetamiprid was found to be ≤55 mg/kg body weight.     

Zn2+胁迫及恢复下番茄幼苗根系中抗氧化系统的动态变化

通过温室水培试验,研究1.0×10-4mol/LZn2 胁迫及解除胁迫对番茄(Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.)幼苗根系中抗氧化系统的动态变化.结果表明,胁迫条件下,番茄根系丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质含量增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD,EC1.15.1.1),过氧化氢酶(CAT,EC1.11.1.6)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX,EC1.11.1.9)活性上升,而过氧化物酶(POD,EC1.11.1.7)活性下降;AsA-GSH循环代谢受影响;抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX,EC1.11.1.11)活性在胁迫d1、d3上升,随后下降,而谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR,EC1.6.4.2)活性在胁迫1~5d时下降,随后上升;抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量上升.解除胁迫后,根系中MDA和蛋白质含量随时间延长逐渐减少,接近对照;POD和APX活性增加,而SOD、CAT和GR活性及GSH含量先升高,随后减少;GPX活性和AsA含量却降低;恢复后根系中抗氧化物水平仍然高于对照.依据实验结果,文中讨论了胁迫及恢复过程中植物AsA-GSH循环代谢的作用.图3参16     

Glutathione S-transferase activity in rats exposed to methyl parathion

Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and the domestic sector for several years. This pesticide and others, arriving through different processes, exert significant effects on water quality with serious consequences for environmental and human health. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes of Glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity in methyl parathion exposed rat tissues. For this purpose, wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were injected intraperitoneally with 7 mg kg^?1 dose of methyl parathion, while corn oil was applied to control groups in the same way. The liver, kidneys, brain and small intestine were quickly removed after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 72 hours of injection of methyl parathion and the glutathione S-transferase activity was determined in these tissues. As a result it was seen that glutathione S-transferase activity increases in all tissues in the group of male and female rats to which methyl parathion was given. The increase of glutathione S-transferase activity may be a result of methyl parathion's toxic effect because it is one of the most important enzymes of detoxification metabolism.     

Biochemical and histopathological changes of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails exposed to bisphenol A

The effects of sub-lethal concentrations of bisphenol A on some biochemical parameters in Biomphalaria alexandrina snail's hemolymph and tissues as well as on histological changes of the hermaphrodite gland were evaluated. Adult snails were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations for four weeks and samples of snails were investigated after two and four weeks. Total protein and albumin levels in hemolymph, as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents of snails’ tissues, were measured. After two weeks of exposure, total protein content and albumin levels decreased in all groups. Elevation of lipid peroxidation levels was correlated with decreasing glutathione content in the treated snails. Histological examination of the hermaphrodite gland revealed deformations in eggs and affected sperm production.     

Influence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus MTCC 451 on the levels of ascorbic acid and histamine in Penaeus monodon (Fabricius)

Juvenile shrimps (Penaeus monodon) weighing about 15-20 gms were procured from the grow-out ponds and reared under laboratory conditions. They were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus MTCC 451 and their LD50 value was evaluated. The ascorbic acid and the histamine activity of both the control and experimental groups were assessed. The results showed a marked decline in both the parameters at all intervals. This reveals the pathogenesis of the inoculated bacterial strain, which affects the defense mechanism by reducing the glutathione content by the decreased level of ascorbic acid and letharginess by the decreased histamine content of the experimental prawns.     

蒽对二种海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响

研究了多环芳烃（PAHs)－蒽对2种海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明，随着蒽浓度的增加，小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻的非酶性系统中的类胡萝卜素（CAR）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量下降，酶性系统中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降，当加入抗氧化剂GSH时，蒽对两种海洋微藻的伤害作得以缓解，说明，蒽使海洋微藻的抗氧化系统破坏，损及体内活性氧化作用，对微藻的膜系统产生伤害。图6参12     

臭氧胁迫下外源喷施亚精胺和EDU对小麦生理指标的影响

采用开顶式气室模拟研究外源喷施亚精胺(Spd)和EDU对O3胁迫下小麦生理指标变化的影响,测定的生理指标包括丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、可溶性蛋白质含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(GR)、抗坏血酸含量(ASA)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性(APX)。结果表明,外源喷施Spd和EDU可不同程度地提高小麦叶片的SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性,降低MDA和ASA含量,提高GSH和可溶性蛋白含量。当Spd的浓度为0.25、0.50和0.75mmol·L-1时,小麦叶片POD活性比对照处理提高90.0%～226.7%,CAT活性提高21.4%～40.6%,APX活性提高164.2%～191.0%,MDA含量降低9.7%～42.5%。喷施300mg·L-1EDU可导致小麦叶片POD、CAT和APX活性分别比对照处理提高76.8%、27.4%和128.1%,MDA和ASA含量降低,GSH含量提高25.6%。以上结果说明Spd和EDU是2种比较有效的缓解小麦O3胁迫的抗氧化剂,可用来防护O3对小麦的毒害。     

Effects of copper on lipid peroxidation,glutathione, metallothionein,and antioxidative enzymes in the freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina

Copper is an essential element to all animals. At elevated concentrations, it is toxic and can participate in the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular damage. In this study, the ecotoxicological relevance of copper was investigated with freshwater mussels, Anodonta anatina. When the mussels were exposed to copper at environmentally realistic concentrations, either via the water (0.3?µmol?L^?1 Cu) or fed with Cu-loaded algae (equivalent to 0.06?µmol?L^?1 Cu), the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances rose and glutathione decreased. This was associated with the induction of metallothionein and, relative to total protein, of glutathione reductase and the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. But, since the overall protein-synthetic capacity was hampered by the copper insult, the activities of the enzymes relative to tissue weight and copper concentrations were depressed. During depuration, most parameters started to normalize although not returning to control values within 12 days.     

铜镉复合胁迫下硫素对小麦幼苗铜镉吸收、亚细胞分布及毒性的影响

采用水培的方法,研究了不同硫素供应水平对铜镉复合胁迫(Cu+Cd:10μmol·L-1+10μmol·L-1)下,小麦幼苗铜镉吸收、亚细胞分布及生理毒性的影响.结果表明,缺硫和高硫处理均降低了小麦幼苗根系和叶片中铜和镉的含量,不同硫水平处理对小麦幼苗根系亚细胞各组分中镉的分配比例没有产生影响,而对铜亚细胞组分的分配比例...     

In vitro effects of lead on fatty acid composition,oxidative stress biomarkers and quality of ram spermatozoa

The sperm quality and several parameters associated with oxidative stress were evaluated in ram (Ovis aries) spermatozoa suspensions incubated with 0, 50 or 500 ng/mL Pb during 0, 1, 3 or 6 h. The presence of Pb during incubation, reduced the integrity of the acrosome, % sperm motility and integrity, and the functionality of membrane. On the contrary, % polyunsaturated fatty acids and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the spermatozoa suspensions were not affected by Pb. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased and the fatty acid composition changed due to the relative increase in % stearic acid during the incubation time independently on Pb presence. Data showed that several effects of Pb on sperm quality usually observed in vivo also occurred in vitro, but without any relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers.