模拟酸雨对福州平原稻田土壤细菌丰度及多样性的影响

为了探讨酸雨对稻田土壤细菌的影响,以福州平原某稻田为研究对象,测定和分析模拟不同酸度酸雨处理下早、晚稻土壤细菌群落组成及其丰度.结果表明：模拟酸雨处理提高了早稻土壤细菌的多样性,但却降低了晚稻土壤细菌的多样性;酸雨改变了稻田土壤细菌的丰度及群落结构,经模拟不同酸度的酸雨处理,稻田土壤细菌的优势菌属及其丰度并不一致;早稻pH3.5处理组与早稻对照组之间的物种多样性及群落结构差异最大,晚稻pH2.5处理组与晚稻对照组之间的物种多样性及群落结构差异最大;在酸雨作用下,溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）和产黄杆菌属（Rhodanobacter）的丰度明显升高,而马赛菌属（Massilia）的丰度则显著降低,说明溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）和产黄杆菌属（Rhodanobacter）为耐受酸雨的主要菌属,马赛菌属（Massilia）则为受酸雨影响最大的菌属;细菌属H16的相对丰度与土壤电导率（EC）呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,Lysobacter的相对丰度与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,Arenimonas的相对丰度与土壤总有机碳（SOC）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.     

炉渣与生物炭施加对稻田土壤细菌多样性及群落组成的影响

以福州平原稻田为试验基地,通过设置对照组、炉渣施加组、生物炭施加组、炉渣与生物炭混施组,探究它们对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度、多样性、群落组成的影响.结果发现,在晚稻生长期,废弃物施加处理条件下细菌群落多样性有所提高,与对照相比,生物炭、炉渣处理组细菌多样性指数分别提高了2.55%、3.21%.早稻混施组与早稻对照组之间的群落结构差异最大,晚稻生物炭施加组与晚稻对照组之间的差异最大.废弃物施加处理均提高了早稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度,降低了晚稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度,但晚稻中Bacillus占比始终高于早稻.环境因子对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响,其中,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度与稻田土壤pH值呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.建议在晚稻生长期可进行表层废弃物单独施加管理,以通过微生物多样性的增加,改良土壤、提高土壤肥力并达到增产的效果,而对于早稻未来可尝试废弃物深施方式,并探讨其生态影响.     

Changes in functional structure of soil bacterial communities due to fungicide and insecticide applications in canola

The fungicide vinclozolin and insecticide λ-cyhalothrin are widely used to control canola (Brassica spp.) diseases and insect pests, respectively, in Canada. We investigated non-target effects of these pesticides, applied at recommended rates, on soil microbial biomass, functional bacterial diversity and functional community structure of soil bacteria (by evaluating patterns of C substrate utilization) in canola rhizosphere and bulk soil at three locations in Alberta from 2002 to 2004. Experimental treatments were (a) untreated control, (b) vinclozolin fungicide foliar application, (c) λ-cyhalothrin insecticide foliar application, and (d) vinclozolin and λ-cyhalothrin applications. No significant pesticide effects on soil microbial biomass or functional bacterial diversity were observed, but the functional structures of soil bacteria were altered. In 1 of 12 cases, the control treatment had a different soil bacterial community structure from the 3 pesticide treatments. The fungicide treatment had different bacterial community structures from the control or insecticide treatments in 3 of 12 cases, the insecticide treatment had different community structures from the control or fungicide treatments in 4 of 12 cases, and the combined fungicide and insecticide treatment had different community structures from the other treatments in 3 of 12 cases. Therefore, evaluating soil bacterial functional structures revealed pesticide effects that were not detected when bacterial diversity or microbial biomass were measured in canola rhizosphere or bulk soil.     

Carbendazim induces a temporary change in soil bacterial community structure

The effect of carbendazim applications on the diversity and structure of a soil bacterial community was studied under field conditions using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and partial sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. After four successive introductions of carbendazim at a level of 0.94 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha, the genetic diversity (expressed as Shannon index, H0) decreased from 1.43 in the control to 1.29 in treated soil. This harmful e ect seems to increase with the concentration of carbendazim. The value of H0 in the soil treated with carbendazim at 4.70 kg a.i./ha was reduced to 1.05 (P 6 0.05). The structure of soil bacterial community was also a ected after four repeated applications of carbendazim at levels of 0.94, 1.88 and 4.70 kg a.i./ha, as seen in the relative intensities of the individual band. However, the bacterial community in carbendazim-treated soil recovered to that in the control 360 d after the first treatment. The results indicated that repeated applications of carbendazim could reduce soil microbial diversity and alter the bacterial community structure temporarily.     

2012~2019年天津市公交站微环境空气质量改善

于2012年9月、2014年3月、2015年6月和2019年6月在天津市八里台公交站采集环境空气样品,分析该微环境中大气可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）污染的整体改善趋势以及PM₁₀中碳组分、水溶性离子组分以及元素组分的特征和4次采样之间的差异.结果表明,4次采样的PM₁₀浓度分别为281,217,188,78μg/m³,呈明显下降趋势.其中水溶性离子组分和元素组分浓度逐年降低,但其占比变化不大（平均浓度占比分别为22%和39%）,4次采样的二次离子SNA（即SO₄^2-,NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）占PM₁₀比例分别为11%,9%,9%,17%;总碳质量浓度逐年降低,碳组分在PM₁₀中所占的比例呈波动上升的趋势（从18%上升至32%,平均为25%）,根据估算结果,4次采样的二次有机碳（SOC）占PM₁₀比例分别为4%,9%,9%,13%.研究显示,天津市交通微环境空气质量改善效果显著,但二次组分（SNA和SOC）在PM₁₀中占比呈上升趋势,需进一步加强二次污染的控制.     

典型稻田土壤真菌群落结构及多样性对比

为了解中国主要稻作区内不同母质发育的稻田土壤真菌群落结构和多样性差异,本研究选取由砖红壤、红壤、盐碱土、黑土和紫色土发育而来的5种中国典型稻田土壤为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性进行对比分析.结果表明：5种典型稻田土壤的含水量、pH值、盐度及容重差异显著（P<0.05）;从Chao1指数来看,稻田土壤真菌群落丰度红壤型 > 黑土型 > 砖红壤型 > 紫色土型 > 盐碱土型.从ACE指数来看,群落丰度黑土型 > 红壤型 > 砖红壤型 > 紫色土型 > 盐碱土型.Shannon指数和Simpson指数均表现为群落多样性黑土型 > 紫色土型 > 红壤型 > 砖红壤型 > 盐碱土型;5种典型稻田土壤真菌门水平相对丰度最高的均是子囊菌门（Ascomycota）;砖红壤型和红壤型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属（Emericellopsis）,紫色土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属、枝鼻菌属（Cladorrhinum）和柄孢壳属（Zopfiella）,黑土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属和明梭孢属（Monographella）,盐碱土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为瓶头霉属（Phialocephala）;石黄衣属（Xanthoria）、Cyberlindnera、青霉菌属（Penicillium）和Westerdykella的相对丰度与土壤pH值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,Ceroophora的相对丰度与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;帚枝霉属（Sarocladium）的相对丰度与可溶性有机碳呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.以上研究表明,稻田真菌的群落结构和多样性受稻田开垦前土壤类型的影响,真菌物种丰度和优势菌种类型对土壤理化性质变化的响应较为敏感.     

稻田硝酸盐异化还原成铵细菌群落结构的垂向分布特性

硝酸盐异化还原成铵（Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium，DNRA）过程，可将土壤中的NO₃^-/NO₂^-还原成NH₄⁺-N以被作物吸收利用，有助于土壤中氮素的保存.选择位于广东韶关市和吉林安图县的两块稻田为研究对象，通过分子生物学方法和高通量测序技术，深入探究了两种稻田土壤（0~1 m）中DNRA细菌丰度和群落结构的垂向分布特性.结果显示：两种稻田土壤中DNRA细菌更多的存在于表层土壤（0~20 cm）中，丰度最低值均出现在深层土壤（90~100 cm）中，且表层样品群落结构的多样性大于深层样品；两个稻田样品间的群落结构体现出明显的空间异质性，安图稻田样品DNRA细菌的丰度和群落结构多样性均大于韶关稻田样品；其中，相对丰度较高的Anaeromyxobacter（28.67%）、Caldimicrobium（19.49%）、Nitrospira（10.90%）和Chthoniobacter（9.15%）是两个稻田中DNRA细菌群落组成中的关键菌属.相关性分析表明，总硫（TS）、有机质（TOM）、含水率（MC）、碳氮比（C/N）与DNRA细菌丰度之间均有显著正相关性（p<0.01，n=20），偏碱性、有机质丰富、氮源缺乏、碳源丰富且C/N较高的环境及适宜的含水率是稻田垂向生态系统中DNRA细菌适宜的生存环境.     

松花江下游沿江湿地土地利用变化对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

本研究旨在明确生境质量变化对土壤细菌群落的影响,为松花江退化湿地选择科学的修复方法提供参考依据.于2018年使用Illumina MiSeq PE300第二代高通量测序平台对松花江下游的5种土地利用类型湿地（天然湿地、稻田地、玉米田、采砂迹地及恢复湿地）土壤细菌16S rDNA进行测序,分析不同土地利用类型土壤细菌群落多样性和功能的差异.结果表明：沿江湿地开垦为玉米田造成土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著降低（P<0.05）,采砂迹地的仿湿地修复使土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著提高（P<0.05）.天然湿地、稻田、玉米田和采砂迹地的土壤细菌群落结构差异显著（P<0.05）,采砂迹地与恢复湿地的土壤细菌群落结构相似.沿江湿地土壤细菌划分为40门、105纲、258目、421科、802属和1673种,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和芽单胞菌门为各样地共有的优势菌门（相对丰度>1%）.相比之下,拟杆菌门偏好稻田土壤环境,变形菌门和芽单胞菌门偏好玉米田土壤环境,放线菌门偏好采砂迹地土壤环境.湿地土壤细菌具有新陈代谢、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、细胞过程、人类疾病和有机系统这6类一级代谢通路、46类二级代谢通路和19类主要二级代谢通路（相对丰度>1%）.土壤pH、含水量、碱解氮和碳氮比是沿江湿地土壤细菌群落多样性的主要影响因子.由此可见,改变沿江湿地土地用途降低了土壤生态系统稳定性,增加了湿地退化的潜在生态风险.     

Effects of butachlor on microbial enzyme activities in paddy soil

This paper reports the influences of the herbicide butachlor(n-butoxymethl-chloro-2‘,6‘-diethylacetnilide)on microbial respiration,nitrogen fixation and nitrification,and on the activities of dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxidase in paddy soil.The results showed that after application of butachlor with concentrations of 5.5μg/g dried soil,11.0μg/g dried soil and 22.0μg/g dried soil,the application of butachlor enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase at increasing concentrations.The soil dehydrogenase showed the highest activity on the 16th day after application of 22.0μg/g dried soil of butachlor.The hydrogen peroxidase could be stimulated by cutachlor.The soil respiration was depressed within a period from several days to more than 20 days,depending on concentrations of butachlor applied.Both the nitrogen fixation and nitrification were stimulated in the beginning but reduced greatly afterwards in paddy soil.     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids (PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥ 40 m³/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil

The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1?mg?AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited. However, after one year of exposure to 0.01?mg?AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass (quantified by extractable DNA; p?=?0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (quantified by amoA gene copy numbers; p?=?0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity (quantified by substrate turnover; p?=?0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms (quantified by nifH gene copy numbers; p?=?0.001). The results of the positive control with AgNO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag⁺ ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag⁺ ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.     

Biochemical and microbial soil functioning after application of the insecticide imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is one of the most commonly used insecticides in agricultural practice, and its application poses a potential risk for soil microorganisms. The objective of this study was to assess whether changes in the structure of the soil microbial community after imidacloprid application at the field rate (FR, 1 mg/kg soil) and 10 times the FR (10× FR, 10 mg/kg soil) may also have an impact on biochemical and microbial soil functioning. The obtained data showed a negative effect by imidacloprid applied at the FR dosage for substrate-induced respiration (SIR), the number of total bacteria, dehydrogenase (DHA), both phosphatases (PHOS-H and PHOS-OH), and urease (URE) at the beginning of the experiment. In 10× FR treated soil, decreased activity of SIR, DHA, PHOS-OH and PHOS-H was observed over the experimental period. Nitrifying and N₂-fixing bacteria were the most sensitive to imidacloprid. The concentration of NO₃^- decreased in both imidacloprid-treated soils, whereas the concentration of NH₄⁺ in soil with 10× FR was higher than in the control. Analysis of the bacterial growth strategy revealed that imidacloprid affected the r- or K-type bacterial classes as indicated also by the decreased eco-physiological (EP) index. Imidacloprid affected the physiological state of culturable bacteria and caused a reduction in the rate of colony formation as well as a prolonged time for growth. Principal component analysis showed that imidacloprid application significantly shifted the measured parameters, and the application of imidacloprid may pose a potential risk to the biochemical and microbial activity of soils.     

稻田土壤反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化菌的时空分布与群落结构分析

由"Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera"主导发生的以甲烷和亚硝酸盐为底物的反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化反应(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing,n-damo)的发现,将生物地球化学碳循环和氮循环以新的方式结合起来.本研究以夏季和冬季江阴稻田土壤柱状样品为研究对象,对稻田土壤M.oxyfera-like菌的时空分布和群落结构进行了考察.M.oxyfera-like菌16S rRNA基因的定量PCR结果显示M.oxyfera-like菌的丰度随着土壤深度的增加而增加,且无明显季节性差异,60~200 cm深度的稻田土壤是M.oxyfera-like菌的高丰度区域.M.oxyfera-like菌pmo A基因的系统发育分析和生物多样性分析显示M.oxyfera-like菌的群落结构具有一定的时空异质性,且生物多样性随着土壤深度的增加而增加.这些结果都说明江阴稻田深层土壤(60~200 cm)是适宜M.oxyfera-like菌生存的生态环境.     

Effects of water regime,crop residues,and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

稻田NO3-还原耦合As(III)氧化过程及微生物群落特征

以华南稻田土壤为研究对象通过构建微宇宙体系,研究了淹水稻田自养硝酸盐还原耦合As（III）氧化过程及其微生物群落结构组成.结果表明,NO₃^-的添加促进了稻田土壤中As（III）的氧化,在未添加NO₃^-的处理（Soil+As（III））以及灭菌处理（Sterilized soil+As（III）+NO₃^-）中As（III）未发生明显的氧化;在Soil+As（III）+NO₃^-处理中,NO₃^-有少量被还原,而在Soil+NO₃^-处理中,NO₃^-没有被还原.通过16S rRNA高通量分析在NO₃^-还原耦合As（III）氧化体系中微生物群落结构特征,在Soil+As（III）+NO₃^-处理中shannon指数相对较低为8.19,土壤微生物群落多样性降低,其中在门水平上主要优势菌群为变形菌门Proteobacteria（33%）、绿弯菌门Chloroflexi（11%）、浮霉菌门Planctomycetes（12%）;在属水平上主要的优势菌属为Gemmatimonas（7.4%）以及少量的Singulisphaera、Thermomonas、Bacillus.NO₃^-的添加能够促进稻田土壤中自养As（III）氧化,并且影响着稻田土壤中微生物群落组成.     

气候变化对土壤微生物多样性及其功能的影响

以同时模拟未来大气CO₂浓度和温度升高的田间开放式气候变化平台为依托,研究CO₂浓度升高（CE）、升温（WA）以及两者同时升高（CW）对麦田土壤基础呼吸和微生物丰度、群落结构的影响.结果表明：CE对土壤基础呼吸没有影响,但是WA显著提高了土壤基础呼吸,在抽穗和成熟期分别增加了51.6%和38.5%.在分蘖期,土壤细菌和真菌丰度没有显著变化;而在抽穗和成熟期,CW和WA处理显著降低了真菌丰度,降低幅度分别达到32.1%~50.2%和32.0%~37.4%.通过对T-RFLP数据分析发现,CE、CW和WA处理对麦田土壤真菌和细菌群落结构没有显著影响,但是在一定程度上改变了古菌群落结构.与对照相比,CE处理真菌多样性提高了7.1%~8.2%,CW和WA处理真菌多样性分别降低了5.3%~13.5%和22.1%~33.6%;在分蘖和抽穗期,CE、CW和WA处理土壤细菌多样性比对照显著提高.     

Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons

The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5...     

基于组分区分的亚热带湿地松人工林土壤呼吸对氮添加的响应

氮沉降在很大程度上会对土壤呼吸产生扰动,进而影响到生态系统碳收支.以我国亚热带湿地松人工林为研究对象,通过定位模拟氮沉降控制试验,定量研究根系呼吸和微生物呼吸对氮添加的响应差异,并通过土壤环境的同步监测,初步探讨影响上述过程的生物地球化学与微生物学机理.结果表明:不同氮素添加水平下土壤呼吸速率及其组分总体上都呈现出单峰曲线特征,峰值出现在7月或8月,氮添加对土壤呼吸的季节模式没有明显影响.CK（0,对照）、LN〔60 kg/（hm2·a）,低氮〕和HN〔120 kg/（hm2·a）,高氮〕处理下土壤总呼吸速率的年均值分别为3.91、2.30和1.73 μmol/（m2·s）,各组根系呼吸速率年均值分别为1.41、0.87和0.66 μmol/（m2·s）,各组微生物呼吸速率年均值分别为2.50、1.44和1.07 μmol/（m2·s）.施氮后土壤总呼吸及其组分都受到明显抑制,并且随着施氮水平的提高,土壤总呼吸及其组分明显减小.与对照样地微生物呼吸占比65.2%相比,低氮和高氮处理下微生物呼吸占比显著降低,降幅分别为62.6%和62.1%,说明氮素添加对微生物呼吸的抑制作用大于根系呼吸.施氮后一年,氮素输入对土壤呼吸的抑制在消退.施氮对表层土壤w（TOC）（TOC为总有机碳）、w（NH₄+）、w（NO₃-）、w（DOC）（DOC为可溶性有机碳）、w（DON）（DON为可溶性有机氮）、w（MBC）（MBC为微生物生物量碳）和w（MBN）（MBN为微生物生物量氮）都没有显著影响.氮素添加主要是通过降低土壤pH、加速湿地松人工林土壤酸化,对影响土壤有机质转化的土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性产生显著抑制,从而影响到土壤微生物活性,导致土壤微生物呼吸降低,这可能是土壤呼吸对氮添加响应的关键机制.      

脱硫石膏对稻田CH4释放及其功能微生物种群的影响

为探究脱硫石膏对温室气体CH_4排放及其功能微生物种群的影响,采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法,高通量测序和荧光定量PCR技术,研究了FGDG0(0 t·hm~(-2))、FGDG1(2 t·hm~(-2))、FGDG2(4 t·hm~(-2))、FGDG3(8 t·hm~(-2))、FGDG4(16 t·hm~(-2))这5个施加脱硫石膏处理下CH_4排放特征、稻田细菌群落结构及产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌丰度的变化.结果表明施加脱硫石膏后,土壤p H显著提高(P0.05),土壤氧化还原电位、有机质、速效钾含量增加,但处理间无显著差异(P0.05);稻田CH_4平均排放通量随着脱硫石膏用量增加而降低,且FGDG1FGDG2FGDG3FGDG4,较对照分别减少31.56%、57.30%、83.60%、90.66%;与对照相比,FGDG1、FGDG2处理增加了土壤细菌丰富度和多样性,但用量超过4 t·hm~(-2)后,细菌丰富度和多样性逐渐降低;与对照相比,稻田土壤硫酸盐还原菌属相对丰度显著提高6.98%~13.56%,甲烷氧化菌pmo A基因丰度增加0.3%~6.2%,产甲烷菌mrc A基因丰度显著下降2.4%~15.8%,且丰度比(pmo A/mcr A)随着脱硫石膏用量增加而增大;相关性分析表明,CH_4平均排放通量与土壤中硫酸盐还原菌属相对丰度呈显著负相关,与产甲烷菌mcr A基因丰度呈显著正相关,与pmo A/mcr A比呈显著负相关.综上,脱硫石膏能够提高稻田土壤细菌群落多样性,抑制稻田CH_4排放.