共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 245 毫秒
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为研究热气溶胶灭火剂在开放空间内抑制油池火的作用规律,找到最佳施放条件,以硝酸钾+双氰胺+酚醛树脂体系的热气溶胶灭火剂为试样,采用灭火棒喷射的施放方式,控制施放角度、施放距离、火焰作用位置及风速等条件,进行油池火的局部灭火试验,并用摄像机记录热气溶胶灭火剂与火焰作用的过程。结果表明:热气溶胶灭火剂与火焰作用的瞬间会加剧火焰的燃烧,且只有当灭火剂作用于火焰根部时才能有效地抑制油池火;灭火时间随施放角度增大先缓慢变小后明显变大,随施放距离增大先变小后变大;在顺风、侧风和逆风条件下,风缩短了灭火剂的有效施放距离,且风速越大,有效施放距离越短。由试验结果得出,热气溶胶灭火剂抑制油池火的最佳施放条件为施放角度等于45°,施放距离等于50 cm,且灭火剂对准火焰根部喷射。 相似文献
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为探索针对磷酸铁锂电池组热失控行为的高效灭火剂,搭建锂电池燃烧-抑制试验平台,选取27 Ah磷酸铁锂电池组,以300 W外部热源过热诱发电池热失控至起火。在水阻断磷酸铁锂电池热失控行为试验基础上,开展水凝胶灭火剂对磷酸铁锂电池组热失控行为阻断效果试验研究,对比分析锂离子电池组热失控爆发时间、温度变化速率等参数。结果表明:水对锂电池组冷却深度不足且利用率不高,无法有效阻断电池组间热失控传播。水凝胶灭火剂可快速扑灭明火,结束喷放后电池表面温度始终低于热失控临界温度,可有效阻断电池组热失控行为。灭火剂喷放速率越大,阻止电池组热失控传播越明显,大流量的水凝胶灭火剂可完全阻止热失控在电池组单体间传播。 相似文献
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固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂的改性研究 总被引:12,自引:6,他引:6
固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂作为一种新型灭火剂具有优越的抑制火灾的性能,但其应用和推广的关键在于降低灭火气溶胶形成时的温度.本文利用TG方法分析了灭火剂的热分解过程,并通过测定固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂的释放速度、释放区温度分布及灭火性能,研究了固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂的降温消焰技术.同时对气溶胶的成分和固体粒子粒度分布进行了分析. 相似文献
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泡沫-细水雾在全尺寸变压器灭火实验中展现出高效灭火性能。纯水细水雾具有冷却效果好、热辐射阻隔能力强的特点,但添加泡沫灭火剂后对其冷却及热辐射阻隔特性的影响机制尚不明确。对泡沫-细水雾和纯水细水雾的冷却与热辐射阻隔特性进行了对比实验,并基于雾特性测试结果对相应性能的差异进行了分析。发现添加泡沫灭火剂后能降低水雾的粒径,从而令泡沫-细水雾的冷却和热辐射阻隔性能优于纯水细水雾。此外,泡沫灭火剂中的阻燃物质也是加速火焰熄灭的重要因素。研究结果可为变压器灭火系统选择、泡沫-细水雾系统工况参数优化等方面提供理论指导。 相似文献
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为研究干水对建筑火灾中高聚物燃烧产生的热危害和烟气危害的影响,采用火焰传播量热仪(FPA)模拟建筑火灾扑灭后的持续热环境,对灭火过程中过量施加的干水对可燃高聚物的持续作用效果进行研究。结果表明:干水能够明显提升可燃物的抗复燃性能以及削弱燃烧过程中的热危害和烟气危害;相比于纯燃料,干水作用下可燃物的点燃时间出现明显的延迟,并且热释放速率和一氧化碳生成速率明显降低,尤其在可燃物燃烧初期,干水还具有显著的抑制烟气生成速率的效果。研究结果可为灾后消防人员的搜救和被困人员的逃生提供一种新的技术方案。 相似文献
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为了研究N_2和CO_2气体灭火剂在抑制煤明火燃烧特性方面的不同,通过搭建受限空间煤明火燃烧试验,分别开展了11.97%、16.81%、20.76%的N_2和10.79%、14.89%、20.32%的CO_2作用下煤明火燃烧抑制试验。鉴于火焰表面积变化与热释放速率变化呈正相关,基于火焰图像分析法开展试验研究。试验过程中,首先,通过数码摄像仪记录不同体积分数惰性气体作用下煤燃烧火焰面积的变化,然后利用Matlab软件进行火焰图像特征提取和"对比度增强"预处理,消除图像记录过程中存在的噪声,以便于有效进行火焰目标识别;其次,基于"阈值法"原理,利用Image-Pro Plus软件对预处理过的火焰目标进行识别和计算,进而实时获得试验过程中火焰表面积;最后,使用小波变换理论对火焰表面积变化曲线进行消噪处理,以获得火焰表面积变化趋势及主要波动信息。结果表明,CO_2比N_2具有更好的熄灭煤明火燃烧的能力,CO_2作用下煤火火焰表面积呈现指数下降,而N_2作用下呈现直线下降,且CO_2的灭火时间比N_2缩短了25%以上。该试验结果明确了N_2和CO_2在熄灭煤明火特性上的不同,弥补了CO_2仅比N_2具有更好的抑爆特性的认识。 相似文献
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Water mist, a replacement for Halon gaseous agents in fire fighting, has been studied for decades. However, the fire-extinguishing reliability of water mist is debated. For example, there are significant differences in extinguishing times between tests conducted under the same conditions, and water mists have difficulty extinguishing small fires. To date, no study of the probability distribution of extinguishing times has been reported. In this study a statistical analysis of the extinguishing time distribution of pool fires extinguished using water mist is presented. The fire sources were circular/square stainless steel pans with gasoline, diesel, ethanol or daqing RP-3 as fuel. Two types of extinguishing scenarios were observed. In one situation, the fire was extinguished via a blow off process, when the flames had not yet been suppressed. Flame cooling is the primary fire extinguishing mechanism; the mass loss rate and combustion heat of the fuel are two key factors. In the other situation, the fire was initially suppressed and subsequently extinguished after a long suppression stage. Surface cooling is the primary fire extinguishing mechanism; the flash point of the fuel is the key factor. 相似文献
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Juha Sipilä Pertti Auerkari Anna-Mari Heikkilä Risto Tuominen Iris Vela Jyrki Itkonen Mikael Rinne Kalevi Aaltonen 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):617-622
While the self-heating and spontaneous combustion of coal is a known challenge at coal mines and storage sites, there are known methods for mitigating this challenge for typical open stockpile storage. However, closing the storage will reduce access for corrective action, and it is then important to manage the storage and its transport system with added attention without unduly adding cost or hindering availability. This paper aims to discuss the risk, prevention and extinguishing of fires in closed coal storage facilities, particularly in light of the experience with the Salmisaari underground rock storage facility in Finland. The observed autoignition events have indicated an array of contributing factors, some of which are unique to underground silo storage facilities. On the other hand, many features of the storage facilities can be compared with other extant closed storage systems. The factors affecting fire risk are described and the associated fault and event trees are outlined for autoignition at underground storage. Drawing upon the experiences with past events of self-heating and spontaneous combustion, recommendations are given on cost-effective preventive, corrective and other mitigating action for minimising fire risk and promoting storage availability. 相似文献
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Tank fires threaten the lives of people and pollute the environment for their intense radiant heat, rapid fire spread and explosion hazard. Compressed air/nitrogen foam (CAF/CNF), a cleaner fire extinguishing technique used for the tank fire suppression because halogen-based agents were prohibited for environmental reasons. In this work, the influence of foaming gas in CAF/CNF on extinguishing the n-heptane tank fire was firstly investigated. Firstly, it was found that CNF spreads faster with rapid increase in foam thickness, mainly due to its better stability and less evaporation. Secondly, after foam was discharged, there existed a short increase of the combustion intensity, associated with three monotonous regions and two time delays in the whole extinguishing time. The two time delays were caused by Rayleigh–Taylor instability and flame sheet shift, respectively, and the shift distance was larger for CNF. Finally, the influential factors contributing to flame extinction were exhibited to be mainly related to the decrease in liquid burning rate and gas-phase Damkohler number. Among these factors, foam spreading rate and thickness dominated due to coupled chemical and physical extinguishing effects. Resulted from some competitive effects, CNF was slightly more efficient at extinguishing tank fires than CAF. 相似文献
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通过实验和计算证明CO2浓度分析是评价含添加剂细水雾灭火有效性的简单而有效方法。采用燃烧分析仪测定细水雾灭火实验过程中的CO2浓度,比较含不同添加剂细水雾和纯水细水雾在同一实验控制条件下的CO2浓度变化规律,利用CO2浓度变化规律判断含添加剂细水雾灭火的效率。根据上述规律,可从两方面比较细水雾的灭火效率:一是CO2的最高浓度。CO2达到的最大浓度小,则燃烧过程中的热释速率小或灭火时间短,说明细水雾抑制燃烧的效果较好。二是施加细水雾后CO2浓度变化率。CO2浓度变化率小,燃烧过程中的热释速率就小,说明细水雾抑制燃烧的效果较好。 相似文献
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为了将超细水雾技术应用于抑制井下采空区遗煤自燃,通过搭建超细水雾抑制受限空闻煤燃烧的小尺寸试验台,研究了超细水雾抑制受限空间煤燃烧的有效性及影响因素.研究表明.施加超细水雾后,煤的热释放速率下降速度和受限空间O_2体积分数的下降速度增大,CO_2的生成量逐渐减少.而CO的生成量在短时间内急剧增大后又减少.最终趋于稳定.这说明超细水雾可以有效降低煤的热释放速率和组分生成速率.超细水雾抑制煤燃烧的效果依赖于其雾通量、开始施加时刻和施加时间等因素.雾通址充足时,在煤燃烧初期施加超细水雾,熄灭煤火焰的效果较好,待煤充分燃烧时,再施加超细水雾,熄灭煤火焰的时间延长;雾通量不足时,超细水雾无法抑制煤的燃烧.对充分燃烧的煤施加超细水雾的时间越长,熄火煤火焰的效果越好. 相似文献