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以某重金属矿区3个水域(a、b、c)作为研究区,采集Aster卫星传感器的遥感监测数据,再运用分光辐射光谱仪测定标准板与目标水体,计算目标水体的光谱反射率,分析各区域水体遭受重金属污染时的光谱反射特征,实现基于光谱分析的重金属污染废水遥感监测。结果表明:a区域内水体重金属污染程度由深水区向浅水区逐步增强,水体呈现出橙红色;b区域内水体重金属污染程度由浅水区向深水区逐步增强,水体呈现为棕红色;c区域内水体未受到重金属污染,整个区域内水体为铜绿色。该结果与现场采集的各区域水体遭受重金属污染的情况一致。 相似文献
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杭州市钱塘江干支流水质多元统计分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用多元统计方法分析了杭州市钱塘江干支流上26个断面的水质监测指标。利用系统聚类分析方法将断面所在河流分为3组,与钱塘江流域污染空间分布现状基本一致。对各组水质的主成分分析表明,第1组河流水质以有机污染为主,水体中氮、磷营养盐浓度较高,水体污染程度较轻,污染来源相对单一;第2组河流水体受有机物、重金属、石油类等多个污染指标的影响,水体水质较第1组差,污染来源相对复杂;第3组河流水体既有一般有机污染,也有重金属、有毒有害物质的污染,水体水质污染严重。 相似文献
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20世纪60年代以来,环境磁学以快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大等特点被广泛应用到环境污染研究中。笔者介绍了环境磁学应用于重金属污染监测的基本原理和优势,系统综述了其在大气,水体(湖泊、河流和海岸等)和土壤等环境重金属污染监测中的主要成果和最新进展,包括磁学参数可作为重金属污染物质代用指标,以及环境磁学在重金属污染分布特点和污染程度鉴定、重金属污染历史重建、重金属污染物运移追踪等方面的应用。提出了重金属污染磁性诊断研究还需要解决的问题,包括磁学参数多解性,其他环境过程(动力分选、吸附解吸和早期成岩等)的干扰和影响,磁性矿物与重金属物质赋存关系及多学科交叉研究等。 相似文献
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为探索贵州煤矿区表层水-沉积物中重金属的分布特征及来源,科学制定环境保护与污染治理措施,以新寨河为研究对象,在11个样点共采集66个表层水体和沉积物样品,通过对Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、As、Hg、Fe、Mn等9种重金属元素进行分析,揭示其在新寨河的空间分布特征。同时,利用多指数法开展了有毒重金属元素污染状况评价,通过相关性分析和主成分分析解析了重金属的来源。结果表明,新寨河流域表层水体中,Fe、Mn点位超标率达100%。表层水中重金属元素的平均含量排序为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>As>Cd>Pb>Hg,而沉积物中重金属元素的平均含量排序则是Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,表明新寨河表层水体和沉积物中重金属元素的空间分布存在一定差异。各重金属元素的内梅罗综合污染指数介于0.59~1.13之间,表明新寨河表层水体中重金属的污染程度达到轻微污染水平。单种重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数计算结果显示,90.91%和9.09%的沉积物样点分别被归类为轻微风险和中等风险。所有样点沉积物的潜在生态危害指数介于14.57~120.55之间(均值为72.08),表明新寨河沉积物的潜在生态风险较低。Cu、As在多个样点存在污染现象,需予以重点监控管理。新寨河流域重金属的来源可分为三大类:Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu为第一类,对应地表径流源;As、Fe、Mn为第二类,对应煤矿开采源;Hg为第三类,对应复合源。 相似文献
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洪泽湖溧河洼水生植物体内重金属调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对洪泽湖溧河洼区域的水生植物进行了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Cd等重金属元素的污染调查与监测分析,结果表明:水生植物对重金属元素的吸收与积累反映了环境中的重金属污染水平,不同水生植物对各种重金属元素的吸收富集状况具有相对一致性,即Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd。水生植物对各种重金属元素的平均富集系数大小顺序为:Cd>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb,这与各元素迁移性强弱的顺序也是相一致的,Cd、Cu、Zn等各元素较易为植物所吸收,而Pb的移动性较差。大部分水生植物根部的重金属含量比茎叶部分高。研究表明:可以从中筛选出具有高富集作用的植物,作为修复水体或土壤重金属污染的实验植物,为植物修复作用的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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生物综合毒性分析仪的毒性测试方法及适用范围研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
比较研究了三种常用便携式生物综合毒性分析仪测定重金属及有机污染的灵敏度,初步提出了仪器使用注意事项及建议使用范围。结果表明,基于生物发光原理的Toxscreen-II和Deltatox仪器对重金属污染敏感,Toxscreen-II测得Hg、Cr(VI)、As的EC50值分别为0.0082、0.07、4.41mg/L;基于化学发光原理的Eclox对有机污染敏感,Eclox的EC50(苯酚)为1.21mg/L。鉴于综合毒性分析仪中等毒性检测限高于我国地表水标准限值,建议该类仪器更适用于环境污染事故中污染水体的毒性初筛判定。 相似文献
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简述了国内外对不同污染场地调查环境地球物理方法的研究现状及成果,指出了目前存在的问题.针对污染场地调查污染深度浅、污染浓度低的特点,提出了建立重金属污染在浅层迁移的数学物理模型和提高设备检测精度的必要性.对环境地球物理方法在环境领域的应用进行了展望. 相似文献
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通过对金昌市区范围内74处土壤的取样研究分析,结果表明:Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn5种重金属平均含量均超过当地土壤背景值,其中以Cu和Ni最为显著,其平均含量分别达到430mg/kg和361mg/kg;5种重金属变异系数均较大,其中Cu和Ni变异系数达到了11.5%和12.3%,属强变异性;采用克立格最优内插法得到金昌市表层土壤重金属含量的空间分布图,发现Cu和Ni呈局部污染态势,矿业开采和金属冶炼加工等工业活动是Cu和Ni最大的污染源;Pb、Zn和Cd在整个研究区域内都有积累,工矿活动和交通运输是金昌市Pb、Zn和Cd的共同污染源。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,该地区重金属污染已构成中度生态危害。 相似文献
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Onianwa PC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(1):13-50
This article reviews the literatureon the use of mosses for monitoring atmospheric metalpollution. It discusses the nature of mosses, themechanisms for moss uptake of metals from the air andwet precipitation, the various forms in which mossesare used for this purpose, and cases in which mosseshave been used for monitoring local hot spots ofpollution, and regional patterns of metal pollution.Also highlighted are the questions of uptake of metalsfrom the substrates, interspecies differences, and acomparison of the effectiveness of mosses with otherindicator materials, among other issues. 相似文献
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An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
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Burger J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,83(2):145-162
Increasingly public and governmental agencies are concerned aboutrevitalizing coastal environments. Understanding how the publicuses these areas, and what they see as the most important improvements to these regions is critical to their assessment andmanagement. Uses of three estuaries, and perceptions of possiblemanagement and restoration options, were examined for people whowere interviewed in the New York/New Jersey Harbor, Manasquan Inlet, and Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Nearly 90% of the people interviewed listed pollution as New Jersey's most important environmental problem. Most people (68%) used the habitat for outdoor sports, but rated communing with nature, walking, and the provision of open `green' space as the most valued uses. Pollution prevention was the most often mentioned habitat improvement desired, and people rated removing pollution, cleaning up garbage, and creating more fish breeding habitat the highest. There were significant locational differences inhow people used the estuaries, and in how they thought they should be improved. People from Barnegat Bay ranked most uses higher than did people from elsewhere, while the people from Manasquan Inlet rated the importance of most remediation and restoration actions higher. Many of the improvements fall withinenvironmental management, including (rank order from high to low)creating more fish breeding habitat, improving native vegetation,improving habitat for birds, increasing plant diversity,improving habitat for butterflies, and enlarging adjacentmarshes. The data provide clear support for the importance ofthese coastal habitats for communing with nature and having open`green space' spaces, and for providing recreationalopportunities. To enhance their value, people want to removepollution and improve both the habitat quality and the educational and recreational facilities. 相似文献
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Fate Modelling of DEHP in Roskilde Fjord, Denmark 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patrik Fauser Jørgen Vikelsøe Peter B. Sørensen Lars Carlsen 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(2):209-220
The fate of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is modeled in Roskilde fjord, Denmark. The fjord is situated near Roskilde, which
comprises 80,000 PE, various industries, a central wastewater treatment plant, and adjacent agricultural fields. Roskilde
fjord is thus a suitable recipient for studying the transport and fate of DEHP, which is used in a variety of different industries
and consumer products. Wastewater from households and industries is led to the local wastewater treatment plant, which leads
the effluent to the fjord. The sludge is partly stored and partly amended on an adjacent field. The model applied in the present
study is a simple box model coupling water and sediment compartments of the fjord with wastewater treatment plant effluent,
streams leading to the fjord, and atmospheric deposition. The fjord model comprises first-order degradation, adsorption, sedimentation,
vertical diffusion in the sediment, dispersive mixing in the water, and water exchange with the surrounding sea. Experimental
measurements of DEHP were made in the fjord water and sediment, in the wastewater treatment plant inlet and effluent, and
in streams and atmospheric deposition. The experimental data are used to calibrate the model. The model results show that
freshwater from streams is the predominant DEHP source to the fjord, followed by atmospheric deposition and effluents from
wastewater treatment plants. Sedimentation is the predominant removal mechanism followed by water exchange with the sea and
degradation. 相似文献
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污水处理厂出水中主要离子和重点元素的浓度特征及去除效果会影响受纳水体的盐度、碱度等指标,从而影响河湖的生态服务功能,但是这方面的研究长期以来未得到充分关注。在陕西省全境选择51家城镇污水处理厂,测定进水和出水中的钾、钙、钠、镁、氟、氯和硫酸根离子,以及铁、锰、硼、钼、锶等重点元素的浓度。测定结果显示:陕西省城镇污水处理厂进水和出水中的阳离子以钠离子为主,其次是钙、镁离子,钾离子浓度最低;阴离子中,氯离子浓度最大,其次为硫酸根离子。就总离子浓度而言,陕北和关中地区污水处理厂进水的离子浓度普遍高于陕南地区。相关性分析结果显示:在污水处理厂进水中,钠、氟、氯、镁及硫酸根离子相互之间均呈现显著正相关关系;铁、锰在进水中没有表现出明显的相关关系,而在出水中呈现显著的正相关关系。污水处理厂仅能够处理污水中少量的氟、钾和镁离子。铁元素和锰元素在经过污水处理厂的处理后,浓度有所升高。此研究的研究结果可为河湖水化学组成管理决策提供参考。 相似文献
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Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hall JP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,67(1-2):109-119
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Hale SS Miglarese AH Bradley MP Belton TJ Cooper LD Frame MT Friel CA Harwell LM King RE Michener WK Nicolson DT Peterjohn BG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):133-148
Understanding the ecology, condition, and changes of coastal areas requires data from many sources. Broad-scale and long-term ecological questions, such as global climate change, biodiversity, and cumulative impacts of human activities, must be addressed with databases that integrate data from several different research and monitoring programs. Various barriers, including widely differing data formats, codes, directories, systems, and metadata used by individual programs, make such integration troublesome. Coastal data partnerships, by helping overcome technical, social, and organizational barriers, can lead to a better understanding of environmental issues, and may enable better management decisions. Characteristics of successful data partnerships include a common need for shared data, strong collaborative leadership, committed partners willing to invest in the partnership, and clear agreements on data standards and data policy. Emerging data and metadata standards that become widely accepted are crucial. New information technology is making it easier to exchange and integrate data. Data partnerships allow us to create broader databases than would be possible for any one organization to create by itself. 相似文献
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冯养云 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(4):23-25
为了解山西省大气降水水质状况、主要污染物及区域分布规律,山西省水文部门于1984年开始对大气降水进行监测。在全省9个地市布设测点,分别为:太原市、大同市、长治市、榆次市、临汾市以及吕梁、忻州、阳泉、运城地区。监测项目为H^2 、电导率、Ca^2 、Mg^2 、K^2 、Na^2 、NH4^2 、SO4^2-、NO3^-、Cl^-、CO3^-、HCO3^-、F^-。结果表明,除吕梁、忻州地区外。山西省各地市均有酸雨发生,但酸雨发生的频率不高,全省年平均为3.3%;酸雨的酸性程度也不高,对生态可造成明显影响的降水次数不多;山西省酸雨为典型的硫酸型,酸雨中硫酸与硝酸的质量浓度比值远高于全国平均值。 相似文献