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石油污染土壤中石油含量对玉米的影响 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:26
为了弄清石油污染土壤中石油类对农作物的影响,吉林油田进行了一年的田间玉米种植试验。在不同浓度水平,分别对玉米出苗率、可见外观特性、百粒重、产量和品质进行了较系统的观察、监测、类比分析。结果表明,土壤中石油含量的不同,对玉米生长过程各项指标有不同的影响。并找出吉林油田土壤—玉米系统中影响玉米生长及其产量的土壤临界含油量。 相似文献
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宝浪苏木构造带、本布图构造带石油勘探开发区位于新疆焉言盆地中博斯腾湖西,面积约300km2。油田开发区大部位于博湖、焉着两绿洲农田中,该油田开发除占地影响外,已对周围地区土壤、植被和水体产生有害影响,在1996年6月环境影响评价调查时证明,宝1井井场土壤已受石油严重污染,污染指数达77,井场周围土壤石油含量已高出当地背景值;井场边缘土壤中Cr含量也已高出背景值首量;污染指数0.7一G.9之间。原油大量泄漏时可能有导致地下水污染,最终影响博斯腾湖水水质。若出现井喷等重大事故,不但会造成当地水上污染,还可能导致博斯腾湖污染,影响下游孔雀河水水质。 相似文献
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为修复石油开采工艺过程中对环境土壤造成的污染,对植物修复土壤方法进行盆栽实验。采用紫花苜蓿和多花黑麦草两种植物,对油田固体污染物进行植物修复实验,并考察石油污染土壤的不同比例系数稀释对比和紫花苜蓿、多花黑麦草两种不同科类植物的修复效果。研究结果表明:紫花苜蓿、多花黑麦草对重金属的富集迁移效果明显,提高了生物可利用性,降低了土壤毒理性。 相似文献
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为了消除土壤中石油类物质的污染,从现场油泥中分别筛选出高效降解菌铜绿假单胞和无色杆菌,对其独立使用和复配时对原油的降解规律进行了研究,探讨了复合菌体系加量、含水率、土壤含油量、氮磷营养比以及pH值、温度等对石油污染土壤降解率的影响。结果表明:复合微生物对土壤石油污染的降解率高于单独使用时的降解率,且当两者复合比例为1∶1,土壤含水率为25%时,9d降解率可达41.49%;温度为25℃、土壤含水率为25%、土壤pH值为7.5左右、菌液加量为5%、土壤含油率低于5%时,6d降解率可达到64.9%;保持土壤含水率为25%,pH值为7.5左右,保证充足的营养,含油率为2%的深层土壤54d降解率可达到43.2%。 相似文献
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油污土壤生物修复实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了有效预防和治理因石油开采、运输等造成的土壤污染,对大庆地区油污土壤进行了生物修复的实验研究,通过室内盆栽模拟实验,对芦苇和香蒲根际土壤的石油类污染物总含量、石油烃类组分浓度、非烃组分浓度进行了测定。结果表明,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物具有比较明显的降解作用,可以使被污染土壤中的某些油污成分逐渐被选择性消耗。实验还可看出,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物中正构烷烃的降解能力高于非正构烃。总体看,芦苇对石油类污染物的降解能力强于香蒲,但芦苇对非正构烃的降解能力略逊于香蒲。 相似文献
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为摸清广安市城市集中式饮用水水源地一、二级保护区周边土壤环境状况,采用单项污染指数评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对广安市河流型、水库型两种典型饮用水水源地保护区土壤污染状况进行评估,并简要分析周边环境敏感点。结果表明:水库型水源地29个、河流型水源地44个土壤检测样品均未检出镉,铜、锌、铅、镍、总铬、汞、砷均检出,变异系数分别在16.6%~62.1%和15.3%~56.6%之间,说明水源地周边土壤环境受到外界的干扰显著;水库型、河流型水源地土壤中铜、锌、铅、镍、总铬、汞、砷污染指数均小于1,表明两处水源地均未受到已检重金属污染;水库型、河流型水源地内梅罗综合污染指数范围分别为0.16~0.68、0.14~0.44,全部点位内梅罗综合污指数评价等级均为Ⅰ级,表明这两处的饮用水水源地周边土壤是清洁安全的。 相似文献
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The Patagonian coast is considered a relatively pristine environment. However, studies conducted along coastal Patagonia have
showed hydrocarbon pollution mostly concentrated at ports that have fishing, oil loading, general merchant, and/or tourist
activities. A high value of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) was found at the Rawson fishing port (741 μg/g dw). In other
ports with and without petroleum-related activities, hydrocarbon values were approximately 100 μg/g dw. The highest values
for TAH and total aromatic hydrocarbons (TArH) were found in Faro Aristizábal, north of San Jorge gulf (1304 and 737 μg/g
dw, respectively). This is very likely the result of petroleum-related activities at the Comodoro Rivadavia, Caleta Cordova,
and Caleta Olivia ports located within this gulf. In other coastal areas away from potential anthropogenic sources, hydrocarbon
values were less than 2 and 3 μg/g dw for TAH and TArH, respectively. This review of published and unpublished information
suggests that ports are important oil pollution sources in the Patagonian coast. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate
the area affected by port activities, to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon distribution in surrounding environments,
and to assess bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Despite that some regulations exist to control oil pollution derived from
port and docked vessel activities, new and stricter management guidelines should be implemented. 相似文献
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河南农田土壤重金属污染状况及其评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
郑燕平 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(3):44-46
在河南境内取自农田土壤102例表层样品,分析了其中的Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、As等8种重金属元素的含量。结果表明:河南农田土壤中除Cr偶有超出我国《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)二级标准的土样外,其他项目均不超标,重金属污染由高到低排序为Cr〉Zn〉Ni〉Cd〉Hg〉Cu〉Pb〉As。重金属元素在河南各土壤利用类型中分布规律不明显,按4种主要土壤利用类型考查来看,重金属污染程度大小排序为:果园地〉水田〉菜地〉其他粮田;河南农田土壤综合污染指数总平均为0.981,土壤总体为尚清洁,重金属污染处于警戒水平;河南农田土壤中Cr含量较高的土壤主要是粗骨土与石质土,其天然本底值较高。 相似文献
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Modeling Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Using a Geographic Information System Approach 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, primarily sediment and nutrients, is the leading source of water-quality impacts to surface waters in North America. The overall goal of this study was to develop geographic information system (GIS) protocols to facilitate the spatial and temporal modeling of changes in soils, hydrology, and land-cover change at the watershed scale. In the first part of this article, we describe the use of GIS to spatially integrate watershed scale data on soil erodibility, land use, and runoff for the assessment of potential source areas within an intensively agricultural watershed. The agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) model was used in the Muddy Creek, Ontario, watershed to evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies in decreasing sediment and nutrient [phosphorus (P)] pollution. This analysis was accompanied by the measurement of water-quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity) as well as sediment and P loadings to the creek. Practices aimed at increasing year-round soil cover would be most effective in decreasing sediment and P losses in this watershed. In the second part of this article, we describe a method for characterizing land-cover change in a dynamic urban fringe watershed. The GIS method we developed for the Blackberry Creek, Illinois, watershed will allow us to better account for temporal changes in land use, specifically corn and soybean cover, on an annual basis and to improve on the modeling of watershed processes shown for the Muddy Creek watershed. Our model can be used at different levels of planning with minimal data preprocessing, easily accessible data, and adjustable output scales. 相似文献