废水中铁和锑同时的动力学—停流光度法

依据诱导反应的原理，提出了一种多元素同时测定的方法。用停流技术研究了Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｓｂ＾３＋诱导的Ｃｒ＾６＋－Ｉ＾－氧化还原反应动力学，建立了同时测微量铁和锑的条件。线性工作分别为０－２．２μｇ／ｍｌ Ｆｅ＾２＋和０－２．０μｇ／ｍｌ Ｓｂ＾３＋，检测限为０．０１２μｇ／ｍｌＦｅ＾２＋和０．０１４μｇ／ｍＬＳｂ＾３＋，测定了废水中铁和锑的含量。     

用陶土吸附处理含镍废水的研究

进行了用陶土吸附处理模拟含Ｎｉ＾２＋废水的研究,探讨了陶土用量,吸附时间、废水酸度,废水中Ｎｉ＾２＋的初始浓度及吸附温度对镍去除率的影响,并用实际含镍废水进行了验证。     

MHZ型离子交换剂处理含Zn^2＋废水

以风化煤为原料制成ＭＨＡ型离子交换剂，对配制的含Ｚｎ＾２＋废水进行处理试验，初步研究了用ＭＨＡ型离子交换剂处理含Ｚｎ＾２＋废水的最佳条件。     

邻氨基苯甲酸生产废液的循环利用

采用离子交换和加入石灰的方法处理邻氨基苯甲酸生产废液，去除其中的Ｎａ＾＋和ＳＯ４＾２－，保留其中的ＮＨ４＾＋和邻硝基苯甲酸，处理后的废液回用于生产过程中，不仅消除了废液外排所产生的污染，还回收了ＮＨ４＾＋和ＯＮＡ，有较好的经济效益。     

用液膜分离技术处理含铅废水

探讨了水中Ｐｂ＾２＋在以Ｐ５０７为流动载体、ＬＭＳ－２为表面活性剂的煤油－柠檬酸乳状液液膜体系的传输过程。考察了外相酸度,内水相酸度和浓度,膜相载体浓度,膜相表面活性剂肖度以及乳水比等因素对铅去除率的影响,找到了乳状液液膜体系最佳组成。采用这种分离技术对含Ｐｂ＾２＋１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的水样进行处理,铅去除率可达９４％。     

利用石灰乳和碳铵母液制轻质碳酸钙

利用碳铵母液和石灰乳制轻质碳酸钙，最佳工艺条件如下：石灰乳浓度１４Ｂｅ＇、石灰粒度１６０目；Ｃａ＾２＋／ＣＯ＾２－３（摩尔比）１．０；反应时间１ｈ。制得的粗品经过滤、洗涤、烘干、破碎、筛分后，即可得到合格的轻质碳酸钙。     

新型高效分散阻垢剂XH—929的性能及应用

分散阻垢剂ＸＨ－９２９对循环冷却水ＣａＣＯ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＳｉＯ３、Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的沉积结垢有很好的抑制作用,且能在碱性条件下Ｚｎ＾２＋。动态模拟和工业应用实例表明,ＸＨ－９２分散阻垢剂与一缓蚀剂复配后,可起到较好的阻垢、缓蚀作用     

聚硫氯化铝絮凝效果及在水处理中的应用

采用聚硫氯化铝（ＰＡＣＳ）为絮凝剂进行废水处理试验,对其絮凝效果及影响因素进行了研究,试验结果表明,ＰＡＣＳ的ＳＯ４＾２－含量,碱化度,投加量和水的ｐＨ对絮凝效果有影响,当Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ４＾２－（摩尔比）为１４￣１６,碱化度为６５％￣７０％,ｐＨ为６￣９、ＰＡＣＳ投加量为２￣４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,絮凝效果最佳,试验结果还表明,ＰＡＣＳ比聚氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）的絮凝效果好。     

用硫铁矿处理含汞废水的试验研究

对硫铁矿处理含汞废水进行了试验研究。探索了硫铁矿用量及细度、混合反应时间、废水ｐＨ等因素对除汞效果的影响，结果表明，废水ｐＨ２．５－９．５、Ｈｇ＾２＋１０－２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，按汞／硫铁矿为１／１０００（重量）加入硫铁矿，汞的去除率达９９％以上，出水ｐＨ接近中性。该方法简便、经济、实用，有较好的处理效果。     

硫脲法浸出回收炼锌废渣中的银

对用硫脲法从炼锌废渣中浸出回收银的工艺及其影响因素进行了研究;确定了最佳浸出工艺条件为：硫脲质量浓度１０ｇ／Ｌ,「Ｆｅ＾３＋」０．０１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,液固比１０：１,浸出液ＰＨ１．５－２．０,浸出温度４０－６０℃;     

新型高效分散阻垢剂XH-929的性能及应用

分散阻垢剂ＸＨ－９２９对循环冷却水中ＣａＣＯ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＳｉＯ３、Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的沉积结垢有很好的抑制作用，且能在碱性条件下稳定Ｚｎ２＋。动态模拟试验和工业应用实例表明，ＸＨ－９２９分散阻垢剂与适量缓蚀剂复配后，可起到较好的阻垢、缓蚀作用。     

电磁阻垢技术在火电厂大型循环水系统中的适用性研究

通过电磁阻垢技术在火电厂大型循环水系统中的应用情况进行研究分析，发现火电厂大型循环冷却水系统单独采用电磁阻垢处理方式和传统化学加药处理方式相比尚有欠缺，电厂在选择电磁阻垢处理方式进行循环水系统处理时应持谨慎态度，应用前应进行考证和试验。对于已采用电磁阻垢处理方式的电厂应加强循环水水质监督和机组热力参数监督，一旦发生异常情况，应立即恢复化学加药处理或进行两种方式的联合处理。     

新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合在城市污水回用中的应用

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水回用作循环冷却水补充水的工艺，采用新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合进行了动态试验。加入药剂后腐蚀速率为0.00087g/（m^2·h）和0.00116g/（m^2·h），缓蚀率在80%左右，表明该药剂能较好地控制铜管腐蚀。     

利用磷霉素生产盐渣合成阻垢剂

将磷霉素生产盐渣经水解得到右旋磷霉素二钠,再通过亲核取代反应得到可用作循环冷却水阻垢剂的氨基二乙基(1-甲基-2-羟基)膦酸四钠(ADMHP·Na4),并用FTIR表征了产物结构.实验结果表明:在取代反应温度为25℃、取代反应时间为2h、n(氨水)∶n(右旋磷霉素二钠)=8的条件下,由右旋磷霉素二钠制备ADMHP·Na4,收率可达83.87％.处理1t盐渣可创造利润3 080元.当ADMHP·Na4质量浓度为30 mg/L,水样温度为60℃时,ADMHP·Na4对CaCO3的阻垢效果较好,阻垢率可达91.47％.     

仪化热电厂提高循环水浓缩倍率的措施

针对仪化热电厂将循环水用作冲灰水，导致浓缩倍率只有1.6，以及凝汽器铜管腐蚀结垢严重等问题，提出了隔断循环水与冲灰水的直接联系，实现闲路循环，对凝汽器铜管进行酸洗，并对循环水实施加缓蚀阻垢荆、杀菌剂和旁流过滤等办法，全部实施后产生了很好的效益，值得借鉴。     

超超临界锅炉高温管道内壁氧化皮的研究进展

分析了国内外超超临界锅炉高温管内氧化皮的研究现状,对高温受热面管内氧化皮的分析方法进行了归类,指出了目前的研究存在的不足之处。对目前的试验研究给予了建议,为进一步对高温管道的抗氧化性研究提供了发展方向,同时对提高机组的安全稳定运行具有重要的意义。     

ENSG-30000-125可调频高声强声波吹灰器除垢机理分析

目前国内燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫装置常因为GGH堵塞而被迫停运,为了解决这个问题,介绍了一种利用高声强声波吹灰器结合高压水冲洗,彻底解决GGH结垢堵塞的方法,并对高声强声波吹灰器的除垢机理进行了分析,认为高强声波的推拉作用可使换热器表面的硬垢因声致疲劳而松动、脱落,同时,降低灰垢在换热器表面的附着力。另外,针对强声波对GGH的机械作用力进行了平衡分析,认为在强声波环境下GGH运行是安全的。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysical tools have been widely used in the petroleum exploration industry since the 1960s and have improved significantly in the last two decades. These tools can provide estimates of bulk porosity and fluid content, quantification of bound versus mobile fluids, and estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K). Although the size and cost of oil‐field tools historically limited their use for near‐surface applications, smaller and more economical downhole NMR logging tools are now available for detecting and characterizing the formation water content and K to support environmental and groundwater resource investigations. These tools can be deployed using direct‐push drilling techniques or they can be lowered into existing open borings or wells with nonconductive polyvinyl chloride casings and screens. In many cases, using the tool in existing wells offers a safer and more cost‐effective alternative compared to drilling new boreholes. For environmental investigations, NMR can provide useful high‐resolution quantitative hydrostratigraphic information that can provide additional valuable data to further inform and refine the conceptual site model. This paper highlights several NMR field investigations that demonstrate the viability of this technology as a site characterization tool for near‐surface investigations. NMR measurements were compared to data from lithologic logs, cone penetrometer testing data, and prior field hydraulic tests. Use of NMR to detect vadose zone water, including previously unidentified perched groundwater zones, provided hydrostratigraphic details that could not be gleaned from historical well drilling logs and were used to evaluate drainable pore water versus pore water bound in small pores by capillary forces or electrochemically clay‐bond water. NMR also produced K estimates similar to those from conventional hydraulic tests, but the improved vertical resolution from NMR provided additional information regarding the vertical heterogeneity of the formation along the entire length of the well or borehole. Additionally, bench‐scale tests are presented that confirm the capability for NMR to reliably detect and quantify light nonaqueous phase liquid saturation (specifically diesel fuel and weathered gasoline) in situ. The field tests combined with bench‐scale testing results affirm the applicability and potential for NMR as a practical characterization tool that should increasingly be utilized in environmental investigations.     

Results from Three Field Tracer Experiments on the Neighbourhood Scale in the City of Birmingham UK

The physical processes governing flow and pollutantdispersion at the neighbourhood scale, a spatial scaleintermediate between the street scale and the city scale, is notwell understood. Furthermore, it is not clear whether a traditional approach using averaged characteristics such as theaerodynamic roughness length is sufficient to predict the concentration field at this scale. To investigate pollutant dispersion in a real urban area, three field experiments were designed within the UK-URGENT programme sponsored by NERC. Theexperiments were performed in the City of Birmingham using a finite duration release of inert, non-toxic and non-depositingtracers, vis. perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH) and perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PMCP). Measurements were taken using air bag samplers placedin an arc at 3.5 km (first experiment) and 1 km (second andthird experiments) from the source; some trap samplers wereplaced outside the main arc in the outskirts of the city. Measurements were analysed in the laboratory using anovel gas-chromatography technique. Data so obtained werecompared with predictions from a simple steady-state modeland a time-dependent model. The concentration-time serieswere very asymmetrical with a sharp rise, a plateau followedby a relatively slow decrease and finally a long-livedplateau above (or possibly very slow decrease to) thebackground level.     

不锈钢酸洗过程中NOx的产生机制及控制

为降低奥氏体不锈钢混酸(HNO_3+HF)酸洗过程中产生的NO_x量,利用自制的酸洗-吸收装置研究了HNO_3和HF质量浓度及抑制剂和促进剂加入量对NO_x生成量的影响,探讨了NO_x的产生机制。结果表明,奥氏体不锈钢酸洗的优化工艺条件为:酸洗温度20～50℃,HNO_3质量浓度90～110 g/L,HF质量浓度40 g/L,抑制剂加入量30 g/L,促进剂加入量1～2 g/L。抑制剂的加入降低了NO_x的生成量,促进剂的加入减少了氧化皮酸洗时间,提高了酸洗效率。酸洗产生的NO_x来源于两部分:一是氧化皮与酸洗液反应,约占NO_x生成量的70%,二是裸露基体与酸洗液反应,约占NO_x生成量的30%。