Effect of noise exposure (85 dB ) on testicular adrenocortical steroidogenic key enzymes, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities of sex organs in mature albino rats

Changes in the activities of △5-3β-hydroysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) in testis and adrenal gland, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in testis, acid and alkaline phosphatase in testis, prostate and seminal vesicle were observed in noise exposed mature rats at the intensity of 85 dB for 8 h/day for 45 days. The results indicated that noise exposed group showed a significant diminution in the activities of androgenic key enzymes △5-3β and 17β-HSD, acid phosphatase in testis, prostate and seminal vesicle. There was a significant elevation in the activities of adrenal △5-3β-HSD, alkaline phosphatase in testis and other accessory sex organ in noise exposed group. Gonadosomatic, prostatosomatic and seminal vesiculo-somatic indexes were decreased significantly in noise exposed group. Therefore, it is evident that noise exposure at 85dB exerts a deleterious effect on testicular and adrenocortical activities.     

二氧化硫对大鼠肺泡细胞和肺泡灌洗液的生化效应

研究了二氧化硫(SO2)对大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗细胞和肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的生化指标的影响。结果表明，吸入SO2后大鼠BALF中肺泡巨噬细胞数量增加、但比例减少，中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量和比例均增加，并存在剂量一效应关系；熏气后BALF的pH下降、蛋白质含量和肺通透指数升高，BALF中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性升高，脂质过氧化水平提高：这些细胞和生物化学指标的改变从不同的方面反映了SO2可引起大鼠肺组织和肺泡细胞的结构和功能的损伤。     

三丁基锡对文蛤鳃酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和Na+,K+-ATP 酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下,观察浓度分别为0．1、10和10ng／L的三丁基锡（TBT）暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃酸性磷酸酶（aaciphatase,ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,AKP）以及Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase活性的影响。结果显示在暴露早期TBT不影响ACP、AKP活性,暴露时间延长则主要表现出诱导作用。TBT具有抑制Na^＋、K^＋-ATPase活性作用,可观察效应直浓度为0.1ng／L。Na^＋、K^＋-ATPase可作为一种潜在的有机锡污染监测的生物标志物。     

杭州湾潮滩湿地土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分布及其与磷形态的关系

以杭州湾潮滩作为研究区域,对土壤中碱性磷酸酶活性、磷形态、有机磷细菌数量及理化性质的时空分布特征进行分析,揭示碱性磷酸酶活性与磷形态分布及转化的关系. 结果表明,杭州湾潮滩湿地土壤中碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著的时空差异,总体表现为7月最高（38. 59~104.74 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）,2月最低（8. 21~40.61 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）,且各月之间有显著性差异（p<0.05）;不同植被型土壤碱性磷酸酶活性之间差异总体表现为芦苇（39.72~104.63 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）>互花米草（32.18~73.23 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）≈海三棱藨草（9.68~83.48 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）>光滩（8.21~49.50 mg·kg^-1·h^-1）,其中光滩与其他类型土壤具有显著性差异（p<0.05）. 无机磷形态中的可交换态磷（Exch-P）、铁/铝结合态磷（Fe/Al-P）及钙结合态磷（Ca-P）的含量均表现为：5月>7月>10月> 2月,5月与2月之间具有显著性差异（p<0.05）. 有机磷形态中的活性有机磷（L-P）的含量动态变化为：7月>5月>10月>2月;中等活性有机磷（ML-P）的含量表现为：2月> 5月>10月>7月;非活性有机磷（NL-P）的含量没有明显的动态变化. 相关性分析结果显示,碱性磷酸酶活性与有机磷细菌数量呈显著的正相关关系（r=0.58,p<0.01）,有机磷细菌是影响碱性磷酸酶活性的主要因素之一.土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与无机磷组分中的（Fe/Al）-P（r=0.39,p<0.05）、 有机磷组分中的L-P （r=0.37,p<0.05）、NL-P（r=0.31,p<0.05）呈正相关,潮滩湿地土壤中的NL-P是生物有效磷的潜在磷源.     

Arsenic toxicity in mice and its possible amelioration

Oral administration of arsenic trioxide(3 and 6 mg/kg body weight/d) for 30 d caused, as compared with vehicle control, dose-dependent significant reductions in body weight, absolute weight, protein, glycogen, as well as, total, dehydro and reduced ascorbic acid contents both in the liver and kidney of arsenic-treated mice. Succinic dehydrogenase(SDH) and phosphorylase only in the liver activities were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Acid phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in the liver of low dose arsenic-treated animals;however, significant rise in its activity was observed in high dose group. As compared with vehicle control, treatment also caused significant dose-dependent reductions in SDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities in the kidney of mice. Vitamin E cotreatment as well as, 30 d withdrawal of arsenic trioxide treatment with or without vitamin E caused significant amelioration in arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Administration of vitamin E during withdrawal of treatment also caused significant amelioration as compared from only withdrawal of the treatment. It is concluded that vitamin E ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicities in the liver and kidney of mice.     

联苯胺对碱性磷酸酶抑制作用及其动力学研究

联苯胺作为一种危害严重对环境污染物,对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的酶活力有明显的抑制作用。这种抑制随着联苯胺浓度的增加而增强,当联苯胺浓度>1.0μg/L时,其抑制程度趋于恒定。运用酶活力研究的动力学模型,在不同的酶底物浓度及不同的抑制剂浓度下,用分光光度法监测酶底物水解产物浓度随时间变化的过程,研究了抑制剂联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶活性的抑制动力学,结果表明,联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的抑制是可逆抑制,属于可逆抑制中的竞争性抑制类型;求得其抑制剂常数Ki为1.28×10-7mol/L。     

Soil enzyme activities and their indication for fertility of urban forest soil

To reveal the biological characteristics of urban forest soil and the effects of soil enzyme on soil fertility as well as the correlation between physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, 44 urban forest soil profiles in Nanjing were investigated. Basic soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase were determined by potassium permanganate titration, TTC (C₁₉H₁₅N₄·Cl) colorimetry, phenyl phosphate dinatrium colorimetry, and anthrone colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that soil pH, organic carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) had great effects on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 0–20 cm thick soil. However, pH only had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 20–40 cm thick soil. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were important biological indicators for the fertility of urban forest soil. Both in 0–20 cmand 20–40 cmsoil, soil enzyme system (hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase) had a close relationship with a combination of physicochemical indicators (pH, organic C, total N, available K, available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)). The more soil enzyme activities there were, the higher the fertility of urban forest soil. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(4): 4–6, 9 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

Effect of prenatal exposure to hydroxyprogesterone on steroidogenic enzymes in male rats

Pregnant Wistar strain albino rats were administered hydroxyprogesterone and the steroidogenic potential of the testis was analysed in the next generation adult male rats. In utero exposure to supranormal levels (10 mg/kg body weight or 25 mg/kg body weight) of hydroxyprogesterone decreased the activity levels of marker steroidogenic enzymes (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) of adult (mature) rat testis. Hydroxyprogesterone mediation in the suppression of rat testicular steroidogenesis is suggested, which can be correlated to the observed decrease in male reproductive potential in mammals exposed to female hormones during embryonic development.     

洱海表层沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性时空变化

研究了2010—2011年洱海表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性的时空变化,并探讨了沉积物及水体理化因子对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明:①洱海表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性为45.63～144.67μmol/(g·h),空间分布总体呈北部＞南部＞中部,受外源污染物输入影响较大的区域,其沉积物中w(TN)、w(TP)较高,碱性磷酸酶活性也较高;②洱海表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性呈明显的季节性变化特征,秋季(11月)<冬季(2月)<春季(5月)<夏季(8月),并且西部沿岸区域的季节性变化差异显著;③碱性磷酸酶活性与沉积物中w(OM)、w(TN)、w(OP)、w(TP)、m(C)/m(N)及水体ρ(OP)、ρ(TN)和ρ(COD_Mn)呈显著正相关. 沉积物及水体的理化因子是影响其碱性磷酸酶活性的重要内因,而外源污染物输入则是重要外因.      

嘉陵江出口段水体碱性磷酸酶活性特征

于2011~2016年间,从嘉陵江重庆主城段水域的"磷营养状态-总碱性磷酸酶活性变化-藻华"之间的相关关系入手,通过原位实验总结TAPA与ALGAE及SRP变化规律,结合碱性磷酸酶反应动力学实验确定酶活参数,探讨酶活变化在"藻华"中的生态学意义.结果表明：消落期时,SRP为藻类生长活动主要的磷源."藻华"敏感期SRP含量全年最低,为0.012~0.021mg/L;TAPA全年最高,为10.503~11.587nmol/（L·min）.特征参数V_m和米氏常数K_m值的变化规律验证了"藻华"敏感期各样点碱性磷酸酶对底物的亲合力增高,酶的水解速率有了显著提升;碱性磷酸酶在其他形态的磷转化为SRP的过程中有很大的促进作用,为藻类等微生物生长提供充足的SRP,以利于其在适宜的生境中迅速增殖.     

纳米银与石墨烯对土壤微生物及土壤酶的影响

采用室内暗培养试验分别探究了纳米银与石墨烯对土壤微生物及土壤酶的不同影响.将不同剂量的纳米银(0、10、100、150 mg·kg~(-1))与高纯石墨烯(0、10、100、1000 mg·kg~(-1))分别与等量棕壤充分混匀,然后进行暗培养.在第3、7、15、30和60 d时取样,测定土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤脱氢酶和土壤过氧化氢酶的活性及土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,并在培养期间测定土壤呼吸速率及CO2累积量.结果表明,所有纳米银处理均抑制土壤的呼吸作用,并且剂量越高,抑制作用越明显;而石墨烯处理未对土壤呼吸产生显著影响.10 mg·kg~(-1)纳米银处理下,土壤真菌数量在整个培养期内均显著低于对照,土壤细菌在第60 d时也被显著抑制,但土壤放线菌数量无变化;与对照相比,100和150 mg·kg~(-1)的纳米银处理显著降低了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量.10和100 mg·kg~(-1)的石墨烯处理下,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量则均无显著变化.1000 mg·kg~(-1)的石墨烯显著增加了土壤中细菌与真菌的数量,却对土壤放线菌数量无影响.纳米银处理显著抑制土壤脲酶、脱氢酶活性,却对土壤过氧化氢酶与磷酸酶活性基本无影响.10和100 mg·kg~(-1)石墨烯处理对土壤脲酶有一定的促进作用,1000 mg·kg~(-1)石墨烯处理对土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶有一定的促进作用,而不同剂量的石墨烯在培养后期均对碱性磷酸酶产生抑制作用.总体来说,纳米银在一定程度上对土壤酶及土壤微生物结构产生了负面影响,而石墨烯对土壤酶及土壤微生物结构的影响不明显.     

Separation of amniotic fluid cell types in primary culture by percoll density gradient centrifugation

Amniotic fluid cells obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis at 15–17 weeks of gestation and cultured for 15 and 21 days were separated into three fractions by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll. Each fraction (or peak) corresponded to the following densities: peak A, 1·02–1·03 g/ml; peak B, 1·04–1·05; peak C, 1·05–1·06. Peak A was composed of both non-viable and viable cells; the latter adopted the morphology of epithelial cells in culture. Peak B contained a mixture of fibroblasts and epithelioid cells and peak C had only epithelioid cells. The variability of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase activities was reduced in peaks B and C as compared to that of peak A and of unseparated cells suggesting that more defined and homogeneous cell types for enzymatic determinations can be obtained by centrifugation in Percoll density gradient. In prenatal diagnosis of biochemical defects, the separation of cells would permit a more precise diagnosis by eliminating enzyme variability due to the presence of different cell types or non-viable cells.     

东湖溶解态磷酸酶的活性、动力学特征及其空间分布

湖泊中酶的活性是具有监测意义的生物化学参数．不同季节东湖纳污点的溶解态碱性磷酸酶活性（ＡＰＡＤｉｓｓ）显著高于湖区水样中的相应值．在纳污点和湖区,ＡＰＡＤｉｓｓ与溶解正磷酸盐浓度的关系不尽一致．与表层水相比,富营养型湖区沉积物间隙水中的ＡＰＡＤｉｓｓ及其动力学参数均明显不同．郭郑湖区表层水ＡＰＡＤｉｓｓ的非均一性空间分布是不同来源且具不同动力学特征的酶循不同的反应机制共同作用的结果,它反应了湖泊污染程度、营养水平以及有机物质转化效率的概况．     

基于土壤水分变化的砷与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性关系探讨

砷作为土壤主要污染元素之一,其毒性受到存在形态等的影响.土壤酶是土壤重要组成部分,但水分对二者关系的影响鲜见报道.本文采用室内模拟方法,在35%、65%和110%最大饱和持水量(WHC)条件下,较为系统地分析了不同水分下土壤有效砷及土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的变化规律.结果表明:外源砷浓度、老化时间是影响土壤有效砷含量的主要因素,且有效砷浓度随老化时间延长降幅减缓,Elovich方程较好表征了二者关系,揭示出水分对土壤有效砷向其他形态转变速率影响的大小顺序为:110%WHC65%WHC35%WHC;干燥(35%WHC)和淹水(110%WHC)导致土壤碱性磷酸酶活性减小;砷抑制土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,模型U=A/(1+B×C)可较好表征砷浓度(C)与土壤酶活性(U)的关系,揭示出土壤碱性磷酸酶活性在一定程度上可表征土壤砷污染程度,并反映出其机理为完全抑制作用;计算得到了土壤砷轻度污染的临界浓度Ecological dose 10%(ED10)总砷99 mg·kg-1和有效砷39 mg·kg-1,从侧面表明土壤碱性磷酸酶在土壤砷浓度达到国家土壤质量标准中的二级标准前不会对土壤酶产生严重毒害;水分由于对砷的存在状态等的作用,从而对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性产生重要影响.     

人工湿地植物根区土壤酶活性与污水净化效果及其相关分析

通过对人工湿地植物根区磷酸酶和脲酶活性的测定发现，其脲酶的活性与总氮的去除率有较明显的相关关系，而其磷酸酶的活性与总磷（TP）的去除率相关性不显著，同时其磷酸酶和脲酶的活性与BOD5及COD的去除率都不呈显著相关，研究结果为利用酶活性强度作为评价净化效果的指标提供了理论依据。     

建筑业工业噪声污染特性分析

对某建筑公司所属企业的生产性噪声进行了监测,分析结果表明:厂区138个测点噪声Leq为74～112 dB,平均Leq为89.2 dB。83.3%的测点集中在80～100 dB区间,超标率达52.9%。噪声距离衰减呈高度负相关(r=-0.9902,p<0.01)。暴露于噪声环境下的生产人数占总生产人数的27.7%,暴露于90 dB以上的人数占全部暴露人数的84.8%。针对以上状况,提出合理建议和改良措施。      

柘林湾水体中碱性磷酸酶的活力分布及其影响因素

首次对粤东柘林湾水体中碱性磷酸酶活力的时空分布进行了检测，并同时对酶活力与营养盐及其他水化要素的关系进行了分析。结果表明，柘林湾水体中碱性磷酸酶的活力与无机磷酸盐的含量呈显著的负相关关系，说明无机磷酸盐的浓度是水体中碱性磷酸酶的重要调控因子。     

Preliminary investigation on the role of microorganisms in the production of phosphine

The relationships between the phosphine content and various microbial populations,activities of different enzymes were investigated firstly.The results indicated that the phosphine content of samples from various environments was positively related to total anaerobic microorganisms,organic phosphate compound-dissolving bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase,with correlation coefficients (R~2) up to 0.93,0.90,0.69,0.79,and 0.82,respectively.Results also...     

Discriminant analysis for assessing the value of amniotic fluid microvillar enzymes in the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

We have analysed the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of biochemical diagnosis based on microvillar membrane enzyme assay and using discriminant analysis in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 54 pregnancies at high risk for cystic fibrosis and 125 normal pregnancies. Our results show that amniotic fluid trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme activities measured during 16–20 gestational weeks, in spite of their non-specificity for cystic fibrosis, have a very good predictive value for fetal cystic fibrosis or exclude the possibility of the disease. Overall enzyme activity analysis provided over 90 per cent reliability of the method.     

土壤水分对稻田土壤有效砷及碱性磷酸酶活性影响

采用室内模拟方法,在35%、65%和110%最大饱和持水量（WHC）条件下,系统地分析了稻田土壤有效砷及碱性磷酸酶活性变化规律.结果表明：砷污染稻田土壤后有效砷含量随砷污染浓度增加而增大,随培养时间延长逐渐降低,15d后趋于稳定;淹水降低了土壤有效砷含量及碱性磷酸酶活性;采用U=A/（1+B×C）模型较好拟合了不同水分下土壤碱性磷酸酶活性（U）与砷浓度（C）关系,表明碱性磷酸酶活性在一定程度上可表征不同水分下稻田土壤砷污染程度;计算得到稻田土壤砷轻度污染临界浓度（ED₁₀）为总砷67mg/kg和有效砷11mg/kg.研究表明适当调控土壤水分含量是控制稻田土壤砷毒性的有效方法之一.