城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响因素研究

研究总结了目前城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响的因素,概括总结了pH值、溶解氧、温度、盐度等环境因素以及磁场等外部环境因素对不同性状污泥的沉降影响.为污泥沉降脱水最佳条件提供了研究思路,也为污泥后续机械脱水提供了基础.     

城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响因素研究

研究总结了目前城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响的因素，概括总结了pH值、溶解氧、温度、盐度等环境因素以及磁场等外部环境因素对不同性状污泥的沉降影响。为污泥沉降脱水最佳条件提供了研究思路，也为污泥后续机械脱水提供了基础。     

不同能源物质配合及化学强化对生物沥浸法提高城市污泥脱水性能的效果

采用复合硫杆菌和不同能源物质配比,通过序批式摇瓶实验,研究了城市污泥生物沥浸处理效果特别是对脱水性能的影响.分析了以不同比例添加底物Fe2+与S0条件下,城市污泥沥浸系统中pH、Fe2+、Fe3+,污泥脱水性能(污泥比阻γ和毛细吸水时间CST)的变化情况.并在此基础上.研究了对生物沥浸处理后污泥采用Fenton试剂化学强化处理对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,当S.的添加量为2g·L-1,Fe2+的添加量大于1 g·L-1时,采用1:1回流比,在2.0～2.5d均町以完成乍物沥浸过程.生物沥浸中复合能源物质的加入对城市污泥脱水性有重要的促进作用.在投加2g·L-1S0的同时,投加4～6 g·L-1的Fe2+,处理后污泥的脱水性提高8～10倍.对生物沥浸后污泥进行Fenton试剂化学强化处理,可进一步使污泥的脱水性提高50%.生物沥浸和Fenton试剂联合处理方式,可使污泥的脱水性提高18倍.这对污泥高干度脱水和污泥减量化有重要的实用价值.     

Fenton试剂调理污泥的研究进展

提高污泥脱水性能是污泥减量化的关键,污泥脱水前进行调理可提高其脱水性能。近年来,Fenton试剂被认为是有效的污泥调理剂。综述了近十年通过Fenton反应调理污泥以提高污泥脱水性能的研究进展。从污泥自身性质出发,分析影响污泥脱水性能因素,阐述Fenton反应调理污泥的机理;探讨Fenton反应调理污泥的影响因素和最佳条件;总结近年来针对Fenton反应调理污泥过程的问题而出现的Fenton与其他方法联用的技术。最后,对基于Fenton反应的污泥调理技术的研究方向提出了建议。     

基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水

采用污泥调质和机械压滤脱水的实验方法,研究了半焦添加量和压榨压力对基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水泥饼含水率的影响。结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,城市污泥机械压滤脱水泥饼含水率随着半焦添加量的增加、压榨压力的增大而降低,当半焦添加量为4 g/100 mL污泥（含水95%）,压榨压力为1.6 MPa时,压滤泥饼的含水率由现有的80%左右降至32.19%;基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水的半工业试验验证了上述结论的正确性,同时发现压滤泥饼的热值由原污泥的7.82 MJ/kg提高到15.29 MJ/kg,可直接代替煤炭燃烧发电。半焦调质城市污泥+机械压滤脱水能实现城市污泥的高效能源化利用,对节约资源,保护环境有重要意义。     

污泥超声处理研究的进展

阐述了污泥的超声脱水及降解机理，强调了絮凝剂对污泥脱水的重要作用，重点介绍了超声技术在污泥脱水中的研究现状及影响因素包括：频率、声强、功率、反应器的设计与换能器类型、污泥自身因素等进行分析，最后提出了发展方向。     

西安市污水厂污泥脱水试验

文章简要介绍了城市污水厂污泥的性质,并用不同的絮凝剂对城市污水污泥进行调质,结果表明阳离子型高分子絮凝剂能够取得较好的效果,并初步分析了絮凝剂的作用机理。对选定的药品进行生产性污泥脱水试验,结果使A2/O工艺的剩余污泥的平均含水率由97.4%降低至84.0%,普通活性污泥的平均含水率由93.2%降至70%。并分析了影响城市污泥脱水的因素及污泥脱水的成本分析。     

污泥压滤脱水条件的优化研究

采用压滤试验,研究了强压条件下剩余污泥的脱水性能及影响因素,确定了污泥压滤脱水的最佳操作条件。结果表明,随着压力的增加、压滤时间的延长和絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量的增加,所得净滤液量均明显增大。综合考虑脱水效果和经济因素,最佳压滤脱水的条件为:压力0.6MPa,压滤时间30min,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量2.5kg/t干泥。     

污水处理厂污泥热干化技术应用及工程设计要点

深度去除污泥中的水分是污泥无害化、减量化和资源化处理处置的关键。污泥热干化脱水是污泥深度脱水的一种有效方式。分析了污泥中水分分布特点等影响脱水的因素,介绍了国内外热干化方式和设备特点,最后归纳总结了热干化工程设计时如何进行热源、热介质选择、减少热损失、工程安全控制以及消除二次污染等重要事项。     

电化学处理改善剩余污泥脱水性能

以毛细吸水时间（CST）作为衡量污泥脱水性能的指标,采用铱/二氧化钌电极板为阳极、钛/二氧化钌网状极板为阴极,对剩余污泥进行电化学处理,考察了电压、处理时间等因素对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,电压对污泥脱水性能影响较大,当电压为30V、极板间距为4cm、搅拌速率为100r.min-1、处理30min条件下污泥调理...     

剩余污泥共厌氧消化改善脱水性能研究

为改善剩余污泥厌氧消化脱水性能,减少后续处理费用,研究了剩余污泥添加废物酒精糟液在高温(55℃)下共厌氧消化后污泥脱水性能,并对影响脱水性能因素进行了回归分析。结果表明:共厌氧消化提高了剩余污泥的碳氮比、有机负荷和产气率,减少了胞外聚合物中有机成分蛋白质和碳水化合物含量,增加颗粒尺寸,明显提高厌氧污泥脱水性能。当进样总体积为450mL、剩余污泥与酒精糟液二者体积比为2:1、污泥停留时间为11.1d时,厌氧消化污泥的脱水性能最好,毛细吸收时间为127s;当有机负荷继续提高时会出现酸化现象,可导致厌氧污泥脱水性能变差。对厌氧消化污泥脱水性能影响明显的因素是污泥颗粒尺寸、紧密粘附胞外聚合物含量。     

改善污泥脱水性能的丝状真菌的分离及其促进污泥脱水的机制初探

探讨污泥中丝状真菌对污泥脱水性能的影响及其机制,对生物法强化污泥脱水技术的发展具有重要意义.本研究从剩余污泥中分离筛选可以提高污泥脱水性能的丝状真菌,并分析其改善污泥脱水性能的具体机制.结果表明,在剩余污泥中存在着可以促进污泥脱水性能改善的丝状真菌,从中分离筛选出1株毛霉属的真菌Mucor circinelloides ZG-3,该菌对改善污泥脱水性能具有良好的效果.该丝状真菌处理剩余污泥过程中污泥的脱水性能改善效果主要受到接种方式、接种浓度和污泥含固率的影响,其最适接种方式为菌丝体接种,最适接种浓度为10%,最适污泥含固率约为4%.在最适条件下处理污泥可使污泥比阻降低75.1%,显著改善污泥的脱水性能,并且处理后污泥溶液的COD值约为310 mg·L-1,处理后的污泥仍具有良好的沉降性能.M.circinelloides ZG-3处理剩余污泥过程中,污泥脱水性能的改善主要与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的降解和污泥p H的降低有关.因此,采用M.circinelloides ZG-3处理剩余污泥是一种非常有潜力的新型污泥调理技术.     

高碘酸钠与APAM联合调理对污泥脱水的影响

采用高碘酸钠与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）联合调理改善污泥脱水性。以污泥比阻和污泥滤饼含水率作为衡量污泥脱水性的指标,分析胞外聚合物（EPS）中蛋白质和多糖含量,并测定污泥Zeta电位和粒径。结果表明:当污泥初始pH为8时,88 mg/g DS（干污泥）的高碘酸钠和2 mg/g DS的APAM可以有效改善污泥脱水,联合调理后污泥比阻降低至4.82×1012 m/kg,污泥滤饼含水率降低至69.67%。污泥经过高碘酸钠氧化后,Zeta负电性降低,可溶性胞外聚合物（S-EPS）中的蛋白质含量增加,荧光光谱显示腐植酸物质的荧光强度降低,污泥中值粒径经过高碘酸钠絮凝后减小。研究结果表明,组合调理剂可以有效改善污泥脱水性,并利于后续污泥处理与处置。     

鼠李糖脂-热对污泥厌氧发酵中脱水性能的影响

为了探究鼠李糖脂以及低温热水解预处理污泥厌氧发酵过程对污泥脱水性能的改变,利用毛细吸水时间（CST）表征脱水性能指标,有机物溶出、粒径分布以及三维荧光光谱分析阐明脱水性能变化机制.研究发现在厌氧发酵之前,预处理后污泥脱水性能均会降低;厌氧发酵之后原污泥脱水性能降低,经过热水解的污泥脱水性能改善;粒径分布变化表明粒径减小是预处理污泥脱水性能变差的部分原因,发酵之后粒径增大对于污泥脱水性能改善不明显.溶解性有机物（SCOD）、溶解性碳水化合物（SC）以及溶解性蛋白质（SP）的溶出情况发现粒径的减小是由于预处理手段对污泥的有效破解.三维荧光平行因子分析（PARAFAC）表明,污泥预处理且厌氧发酵前后溶解性有机质（DOM）均包含类腐殖酸C1（386nm/462nm）和C3（342nm/438nm）、酪氨酸类蛋白C2（278nm/306nm）以及色氨酸类蛋白C4（290nm/358nm）.其中,类腐殖酸的增多是热水解污泥脱水性能变差的主要原因,厌氧发酵之后酪氨酸蛋白的积累是原污泥脱水性能变差的原因,类腐殖酸的分解是热水解污泥发酵后改善的原因.     

采用Ti/PbO2阳极氧化进行污泥预处理的研究

提高市政污泥脱水性能是当前污泥预处理中的热点和难点.本文以毛细吸水时间(CST)作为衡量污泥预处理中脱水性能的指标,选用钛/二氧化铅网状极板为阴、阳电极,研究了电解电压、极板间距、电解质种类及电解质投加量等因素对电化学预处理市政污泥的影响.结果表明,电压对污泥脱水性能影响较大,在电压为20 V、极板间距为2 cm、电解质为0.6 g Na Cl的条件下,电化学处理市政污泥20 min效果最佳,污泥的CST下降率在90%以上.进一步探究表明,电解过程中污泥菌胶团结构首先被破坏,释放大量结合水,且菌胶团内的蛋白质和多聚糖释放到上清液中,二者浓度先升高;随后二者部分氧化分解,浓度降低,从而有效提高市政污泥脱水性能.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

微波辐射预处理对污泥结构及脱水性能的影响

将微波辐射用于污水污泥预处理,考察了辐射130s内污泥沉降、过滤脱水性能的变化,并通过粒度分布及污泥胞外聚合物含量变化探讨了相关机理,分析了微波辐射对污泥结构的破坏过程.结果表明,适宜的微波辐射可明显改善污泥结构及脱水性,900W微波辐射50s,SV减少48%,真空抽滤含水率由原泥直接抽滤的85%降为71%.污泥结构破坏是改善污泥脱水性的重要因素,胞外糖含量介于15.8～16.5mg/gMLSS时,污泥脱水性最佳.核酸能较好地指示微波辐射下污泥细胞壁开始破裂的时间,过量的微波辐射因破坏污泥的细胞壁结构、导致胞内物质大量溢出、污泥黏度增加,脱水性恶化.